翻译中国 || 史上最长的唐诗-韦庄《秦妇吟》

文摘   2024-11-16 17:58   安徽  


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          《秦妇吟》(唐·韦庄)

                  英译:杨自力

中和癸卯春三月,洛阳城外花如雪。

东西南北路人绝,绿杨悄悄香尘灭。

路旁忽见如花人,独向绿杨阴下歇。

凤侧鸾欹鬓脚斜,红攒黛敛眉心折。

借问女郎何处来?含颦欲语声先咽。

回头敛袂谢行人,丧乱漂沦何堪说!

三年陷贼留秦地,依稀记得秦中事。

君能为妾解金鞍,妾亦与君停玉趾。

前年庚子腊月五,正闭金笼教鹦鹉。

斜开鸾镜懒梳头,闲凭雕栏慵不语。

忽看门外起红尘,已见街中擂金鼓。

居人走出半仓皇,朝士归来尚疑误。

是时西面官军入,拟向潼关为警急。

皆言博野自相持,尽道贼军来未及。

须臾主父乘奔至,下马入门痴似醉。

适逢紫盖去蒙尘,已见白旗来匝地。

扶赢携幼竞相呼,上屋缘墙不知次。

南邻走入北邻藏,东邻走向西邻避。

北邻诸妇咸相凑,户外崩腾如走兽。

轰轰混混乾坤动,万马雷声从地涌。

火迸金星上九天,十二宫街烟烘烔。

日轮西下寒光白,上帝无言空脉脉。

阴云晕气若重围,宦者流星如血色。

紫气潜随帝座移,妖光暗射台星拆。

家家流血如泉沸,处处冤声声动地。

舞伎歌姬尽暗捐,婴儿稚女皆生弃。

东邻有女眉新画,倾国倾城不知价。

长戈拥得上戎车,回首香闺泪盈把。

旋抽金线学缝旗,才上雕鞍教走马。

有时马上见良人,不敢回眸空泪下;

西邻有女真仙子,一寸横波剪秋水。

妆成只对镜中春,年幼不知门外事。

一夫跳跃上金阶,斜袒半肩欲相耻。

牵衣不肯出朱门,红粉香胭刀下死。

南邻有女不记姓,昨日良媒新纳聘。

琉璃阶上不闻行,翡翠帘间空见影。

忽看庭际刀刃鸣,身首支离在俄顷。

仰天掩面哭一声,女弟女兄同入井。

北邻少妇行相促,旋拆云鬟拭眉绿。

已闻击托坏高门,不觉攀缘上重屋。

须臾四面火光来,欲下回梯梯又摧。

烟中大叫犹求救,梁上悬尸已作灰。

妾身幸得全刀锯,不敢踟蹰久回顾。

旋梳婵鬓逐军行,强展峨眉出门去。

旧里从兹不得归,六亲自此无寻处。

一从陷贼经三载,终日惊扰心胆碎。

夜卧千重剑戟围,朝餐一味人肝脍。

鸳帏纵入岂成欢?宝货虽多非所爱。

蓬头垢面眉犹赤,几转横波看不得。

衣裳颠倒语言异,面上夸功雕作字。

柏台多半是狐精,兰省诸郎皆鼠魅。

还将短发戴华簪,不脱朝衣缠绣被。

翻持象笏作三公,倒佩金鱼为两史。

朝闻奏对入朝堂,暮见喧呼来酒市。

一朝五鼓人惊起,叫啸喧呼如窃语。

夜来探马入皇城,昨日官军收赤水。

赤水去城一百里 朝若来兮暮应至。

凶徒马上暗吞声,女伴闺中潜生喜。

皆云冤愤此时销。必谓妖徒今日死。

逡巡走马传声急,又道官军全阵入。

大彭小彭相顾忧,二郎四郎抱鞍泣。

沉沉数日无消息,必谓军前已衔璧。

簸旗掉剑却来归,又道官军悉败绩。

四面从兹多厄束,一斗黄金一抖粟。

尚让厨中食木皮,黄巢机上刲人肉。

东南断绝无粮道,沟壑渐平人渐少。

六军门外倚僵尸,七架营中填饿殍。

长安寂寂今何有?废市荒街麦苗秀。

采樵斫尽杏园花,修寨诛残御沟柳。

华轩绣毂皆销散,甲第朱门无一半。

含元殿上狐兔行,花萼楼前荆棘满。

昔时繁盛皆埋没,举目凄凉无故物。

内库烧为锦绣灰,天街踏尽公卿骨。

来时晓出城东陌,城外风烟如塞色。

路旁时见游奕军,坡下寂无迎送客。

霸陵东望人烟绝,树锁骊山金翠灭。

大道俱成棘子林,行人夜宿墙匡月。

明朝晓至三峰路,百万人家无一户。

破落田园但有蒿,摧残竹树皆无主。

路旁试问金天神,金天无语愁于人。

庙前古柏有残枿,殿上金炉生暗尘。

一从狂寇陷中国,天地晦冥风雨黑。

案前神水咒不成,璧上阴兵驱不得。

闲日徒歆奠飨恩,危时不助神通力。

我今愧恧拙为神,且向山中深避匿。

寰中萧管不曾闻,筵上牺牲无处觅。

旋教魔鬼伴乡村,诛剥生灵过朝夕。

妾闻此语愁更愁,天遣时灾非自由。

神在山中犹避难,何须责望东诸侯!

前年又出扬震关,举头云际见荆山。

如从地府到人间,顿觉时清天地闲。

陕州主帅忠且贞,不动干戈唯守城。

蒲津主帅能戢兵,千里晏然无犬声。

朝携宝货无人问,暮插金钗唯独行。

明朝又过新安东,路上乞浆逢一翁。

苍苍面带苔藓色,隐隐身藏蓬荻中。

问翁本是何乡曲?底事寒天霜露宿。

老翁暂起欲陈辞,却坐支颐仰天哭。

乡园本贯东畿县,岁岁耕桑临近甸。

岁种良田两百廛,年输户税三千万。

小姑惯织褐絁袍,中妇能炊红黍饭。

千间仓兮万丝箱,黄巢过后犹残半。

自从洛下屯师旅,日夜巡兵入村坞。

匣中秋水拨青蛇,旗上高风吹白虎。

入门下马若旋风,罄室倾囊如卷土。

家财既尽骨肉离,今日垂年一身苦。

一身苦兮何足嗟,山中更有千万家。

朝饥山上寻蓬子,夜宿山中卧荻花!

妾闻此老伤心语,竟日阑干泪如雨。

出门惟见乱枭鸣,更欲东奔何处所?

仍闻汴路舟车绝,又道彭门自相杀。

野宿徒销战士魂,河津半是冤人血。

适闻有客金陵至,见说江南风景异。

自从大寇犯中原,戎马不曾生四鄙。

诛锄窃盗若神功,惠爱生灵如赤子。

城壕固护教金汤,赋税如云送军磊。

奈何四海尽滔滔,湛然一境平如砥。

避难徒为阙下人,怀安却羡江南鬼。

愿君举棹东复东,咏此长歌献相公。

In the third March during Tang Xizong's reign,

Catkins outside Luoyang, like snow, flied plain.

No man in a direction couldst thou see;

No dust beneath the mute, green poplar tree.

On the roadside, I found a flower-like maid

At once, who stayed alone in its green shade.

Her ornaments on head were upside down.

As her rouged brow was furrowed, she did frown.

I asked the maid from where she came her way.

She choked before e'en being able to say,

And turned her head to give thanks in respect.

In turmoil had she wandered whilst abject. 

"Chang'an in the foes' seizure for three year,

Its happenings still vague in mind appear.

If thou unsaddlest thy own horse for me,

I will then stop and stay for sake of thee.

The year before, fifth day of the twelfth moon.

The cage closed, I taught parrots how to croon.

I opened my rouge case, not to comb hair

Or speak, whilst leaning silent with no care.

No sooner had dust risen up complete

Than golden drums were beaten in the street.

The dwellers in a fluster outdoors fled;

The court officials would, confused, home head.

Just then, court troops so came from the west and

Were to defend the Tongguan Pass as planned.

The royal army fought against the foes

Who, being held back, outside the city froze.

My master rode so fast and soon arrived,

Descending his own horse, all wits deprived.

The emperor had fled but in disgrace,

The enemy's white flags in every place.

The young and old, so helped, made mutual calls,

And climbed up to the ceilings from the walls.

From south to north, the residents were led; 

From east to west, the dwellers also fled.   

The rate of women in the north increased;

The troops in panic rushed like every beast.

The wheels did shake heaven and earth around;

The chargers roared as thunder from the ground.

The palace fires aye soared up to the skies;

The smoke in the twelve streets was on the rise.

The sun in west declined in the freezing air,

And Heaven could not help but mutely stare.

Eunuchs were shrouded by dark clouds in flood;

The constellation showed their death as blood.

Good fortune with the throne thus went away,

The stars above dissembled by dim ray.

From home to home, blood burst out like a fountain;

From place to place, shrill cries could shake a mountain.

Song and dance maids were secretly donated;

E'en infants still alive were all deserted.

A maiden on east painted her new brow,

The fairest creature, but no one knew how.

Forced to the chariot but with very spears,

She turned her head to the boudoir in tears.

For sewing the flags, she learned to draw the thread.

Saddling the horse, she learned to ride ahead.

Sometimes, she saw on horse her husband, yet

Dared not glance back, her eyes, with tears, so wet.

A maiden on west looked like fairies true.

Her eyes glistened as autumn water blue.

She looked in mirror at her own rouged cheek,

Knowing nothing of the havoc foes would wreak.

A warrior jumped to stairs without a halt,

And, with bare shoulders, sought his own assault. 

She dared not leave, when taken by the blouse.

The well-rouged girl was knifed in her own house.

A girl on south, whose name was not precise

To me, was given yest'rday a bride price.

Walking in the glazed steps inaudible,

Moving between green screens invisible.

Suddenly, there in court was a sword thrust.

Her head was separated from her bust.

Her sisters hide their face with hands to yell

Upwards and threw themselves into the well.

A girl on north was to escape right now.

She took off her hair coil and cleaned her brow.

From the high gate, they heard a constant knock.

She climbed up to the building's top in shock.  

In no time, flames from all sides up turned.

She rushed back to the stairs that had been burned.

In smoke, she asked for rescue in her scream.

Her corpse to ashes turned, hung from the beam.

Fortunately, I did escape from death,

But dared not hesitate or stop for breath.

I combed my tress to go with them right now,

And forced myself to unknit my own brow.

Since then, I could not reach my native place.

Of where to find the loved, there was no trace.

It is three years since I to foes fell prey.

I shuddered in my broken heart all day.

At night, I was surround'd by knife and sword;

In morn, they ate but human livers stored.

Thou’ sleeping with the men, there was no pleasure;

I didn't love, howe’er many, their treasure.

As red-browed men, they never shelved their hair.

My sparkling eyes are not willing to stare.

Not properly dressed, they did not my tongue speak,

With words, for merits, carved on their own cheek. 

Bitches and witches in there were most

Of women and each man was like a ghost.

Short was their hair adorned with hairpins fair. 

Beneath the quiltno court garments to wear.

Ivory Tablets were held inside out

And Golden Fish Tag upside down, no doubt.

In morning, they reported to the throne

And were called at night to taverns known.

One morning, people woke up in surprise.

There were low voices and continuous cries. 

A mounted scout rode to our town one night.

The day before, we seized a border site.

The site is just one hundred miles away.

We may leave and reach Chang'an in a day.

At once, the villains bit their tongue in gloom.

In secret, maids felt joyful in their room,

Then said that grievances would shortly vanish

And that the villains, just today, would perish.

A scout on horseback came with words conveyed,

The town recaptured by the court brigade.

Generals showed their sorrows all too deep;

Brothers held their saddles as to weep.

Several days passed, but no message spread;

Their army had surrendered, it was said.

With flags and swords, the enemy came back.

Our troops had been defeated in attack.

The town surrounded on all sides as told,

The price of grains turned thus as high as gold.

General Shang, in kitchen, barks possessed;

General Huangchao had human flesh processed.

Food transport was then blocked in the southeast;

With gullies filled, population decreased.

Outside the Six-Force camps did corpses lean; 

Among the Seventh-Camp were starved men seen.

In the quiet Chang'an, what could be still in view?

In all of the main streets, wheat seedlings grew.

Apricot blossoms were down chopped for fire,

And for stockades did willow trees expire.

Grand houses and brocade became all void,

More than half of vermilion gates destroyed. 

In Hanyuan Hall ran fox and rabbit known;

With thorns, the Calyx Tower was overgrown.

Completely gone was such an old-time boom; 

In my eyes, nothing old appeared but gloom.

The stores were burned to ashes of brocade;

Along main streets were nobles' bones decayed. 

From the town's east gate, I at dawn came forth.

Out there, the scene was as the land in North.

I saw the troops patrol beside the road;

No one for welcoming or seeing off strode.

I looked at Eastern Town, no man in sight;

Trees thrived on Lishan Hill, no tower in flight.

Broad roads became thorn-shrouded grovels soon;

Travellers slept by broken walls 'neath moon.

At Three-Peak Road the next dawn, I arrived,

But none in millions of abodes survived.

The fields and gardens were decayed with weed;

There stood some bamboo trees no one would feed. 

By roadside, I asked God of Golden Skies;

The Golden Skies, so mute, felt sad with sighs.

The old in-temple cypress showed its shoot;

The golden palace stove was clad with soot.

Since enemies thus seized the Central Plain,

The sky hath been darkened with wind and rain. 

Water on incense tables lost its spell;

Warriors on murals could not wind dispel.

"Oh, God enjoyed their grace in leisure hour.

In their hard time, I used not magic power.

Unworthy of being God as their own guide,

I may, in mountains high, myself thus hide.

In temples was no sound of pipe or string; 

No sacrifice for feasts would people bring.

Devils, dispatched to villages, arrived

And killed the creatures and then we survived."

Hearing this, I felt gloomy heart and soul,

Nature's disasters being beyond control.

God had to seek asylum 'midst the hill.

Why need condemn the vassals in east still?

That year, I travelled out of Yangzhen Pass,

Looking up Mount Jing as a cloudy mass.

As if I'd come from hell to Human Realm,

I felt the world our peace doth oerwhelm

The chief of Shanzhou showed his fierce loyalty

And used not weapons to defend the city.

The chief of Pujin could his warriors guide.

No dog was heard to bark, peace far and wide.

At dawn, one carried treasures with no care.

At dusk, lone walkers put gold pins on hair.

The next morn, to pass east town, I began.

On the road, I begged drinks from an old man.

Pale, pale, he looked like mosses but in hue;

Covert, covert, he stayed 'midst reeds so few.

I asked the man from where on earth he stepped

And why, in open freezing air, he slept.

And at this time, to speak the old man tried

But sat down, cupped his cheeks in hands and cried.

"I used to dwell somewhere in our eye.

Each year, I plough for mulberries nearby.

I till the fertile land, two hundred plot.

And every year, I pay tax, quite a lot.

Young maids are good at knitting robes so nice

And middle- aged women cook red rice.

One thousand barns, ten thousand trunks of grain.

The uprising oer, half of them remain.

Since the court army reached Luoyang to fight,

Troops have patrolled the village day and night.

From sheaths, they drew black swords of every kind,

And waved White-tiger Flags in the high wind.

They got off steeds and swept, just like a flash,

Away all treasures housed, when they did dash.

With home separation, and treasures' drain,

In the dying years, I'm stricken with the pain.

The pain is nothing but a trifle part.

Among the mountains are ten thousand heart.  

In morn, we aye feel hungry and seek weeds.

At night, we sleep amidst the mountain reeds."

I heard the senior man in grievance speak

And all day long, my tears coursed down my cheek.  

Going out, I could see nothing but owls hoot;

Going east, I knew not what was my own route.

The road to Kaifeng heard to be blocked still,

Warriors in Pengcheng would each other kill.

In campsites, they all saw their partners' soul;

With blood of wrongly killed ghosts, streams did roll.

I heard that from Jingling a guest had been,

Who said River South had a varied scene.

Since invaders attacked the Central Land,

No steeds surrounded towns in South as planned. 

The chief suppressed revolts with super art,

And loved the living creatures with his heart.

The moat in south was strongly fortified;

To pay a cloud of taxes locals vied.

All the Four Seas, forlorn, did moan and moan;

Only one place was all too flat as hone.

In the escape, I've vainly been a host,

And long to be a River South's real ghost.

I wish thou sailed thy boat thus east and east,

So readers there, from this long poem, could feast.

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