翻译中国 || 庆祝中华人民共和国成立75周年专版——《滕王阁序》韵体诗译(附翻译技巧解读)

文摘   2024-09-29 10:24   上海  

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      《滕王阁序》(唐·王勃)

              英译:杨自力
豫章故郡,洪都新府。

星分翼轸,地接衡庐。

物华天宝,龙光射牛斗之墟;

人杰地灵,徐孺下陈蕃之榻

襟三江而带五湖,控蛮荆而引瓯越。

雄州雾列,俊采星驰。

台隍枕夷夏之交,宾主尽东南之美。

都督阎公之雅望,棨戟遥临;

宇文新州之懿范,襜帷暂住。

十旬休假,胜友如云;

千里逢迎,高朋满座。

腾蛟起凤,孟学士之词宗;

紫电青霜,王将军之武库。

家君作宰,路出名区;

童子何知,躬逢胜饯。

时维九月,序属三秋。

潦水尽而寒潭清,烟光凝而暮山紫。

俨骖騑于上路,访风景于崇阿。

临帝子之长洲,得天人之旧馆。

层峦耸翠,上出重霄;

飞阁流丹,下临无地。

鹤汀凫渚,穷岛屿之萦回;

桂殿兰宫,即冈峦之体势。

披绣闼,俯雕甍,

山原旷其盈视,川泽纡其骇瞩。

云销雨霁,彩彻区明。

落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色。

渔舟唱晚,响穷彭蠡之滨;

雁阵惊寒,声断衡阳之浦。

遥襟甫畅,逸兴遄飞。

爽籁发而清风生,纤歌凝而白云遏。

睢园绿竹,气凌彭泽之樽;

邺水朱华,光照临川之笔。

四美聚,两难并。

穷睇眄于中天,极娱游于暇日。

天高地迥,觉宇宙之无穷;

兴尽悲来,识盈虚之有数。

望长安于日下,目吴会于云间。

地势极而南溟深,天柱高而北辰远。

关山难越,谁悲失路之人;

萍水相逢,尽是他乡之客。

怀帝阍而不见,奉宣室以何年?

嗟乎!时运不齐,命途多舛。

冯唐易老,李广难封,

屈贾谊于长沙,非无圣主;

窜梁鸿于海曲,岂乏明时?

所赖君子见机,达人如命。

老当益壮,宁移白首之心?

穷且益坚,不坠青云之志。

酌贪泉而觉爽,处枯辙以犹欢。

北海虽赊,扶摇可接;

东隅已逝,桑榆非晚。

孟尝高洁,空余报国之情;

阮籍猖狂,岂效穷途之哭!

勃,三尺微命,一介书生。

无路请缨,等终军之弱冠;

有怀投笔,慕宗悫之长风。

舍簪笏于百龄,奉晨昏于万里。

非谢家之宝树,接孟氏之芳邻。

他日趋庭,叨陪鲤对;

今兹捧袂,喜托龙门。

杨意不逢,抚凌云而自惜;

钟期既遇,奏流水而何惭?

呜呼!

胜地不常,盛筵难再;

兰亭已矣,梓泽丘虚。

临别赠言,幸承恩于伟饯;

登高作赋,是所望于群公。

敢竭鄙怀,恭疏短引;

一言均赋,四韵俱成。

请洒潘江,各倾陆海云尔。

滕王高阁临江渚,佩玉鸣鸾罢歌舞。

画栋朝飞南浦云,珠帘暮卷西山雨。

闲云潭影日悠悠,物换星移几度秋。

阁中帝子今何在,槛外长江空自流。

It's Yuzhang County but of old,

Hongdu perfecture now as told.

Above, constellations diverge,

Below, mountains in nature merge.

The best of things as nature's gift,

Sword radiance shoots for brightest stars, but all too swift.

The greatest wits from land of soul,

Scholars set beds as to esteem each others role.

Three rivers flow in front, and five lakes lie around,

The place controls Chu Kingdom, and connects two ground.

A mighty town is capped in mist;

The talents shine as stars in list.

The city walls and moat, 'tween Yi and Xia, do meet;

The host and guests are brilliant men from the southeast.

Governor Yan hath eer achieved a great renown,

Escorted from afar to town.

Prefect Yuwen hath formed too elegant a style;

Ere going to post, he stays awhile.

On tenth-day holidays, being proud,

Good friends together sit as cloud.

One thousand miles so covered, all

Distinguished guests do fill the hall.

Like dragon and phoenix, ye prose

Vibrates as works of Scholar Meng, who glows.

Like lighting and clear frost, ye sword

Flashes as if, by General Wang, stored.

My father being the magistrate,

I pass through such a county great.

So young and innocent, I bend,

With this grand banquet to attend.

It rings into September's time, 

A period as in autumn's prime.

Flood hath receded, chilly pools so clear in view.

Mist is condensed, dusk hills so clad with purple hue.

Ye drive neat wagons on pathways in sky

To quest fine sceneries from ranges high.

Thus ye arrive at ancient kings' Long Shore,

And the Prince Teng's pavilion built before.

Mountains do stretch to soar in green;

O'er Highest Heaven are peaks seen.

The eaves in flight aye stream with red;

Ne'er can ye see the ground well spread.

The shores with cranes and geese must be

Where every scene of winding isles ye see.

The palaces which orchid fragrance fills

Do match with every rise and fall of hills.

Push painted doors in height, 

Carved ridges down in sight.

The hills and plains, so far and wide, fill eyes;

The rills and lakes so wind, is our surprise.

When clouds and rain do disappear,

All rainbows in these skies are clear.

The sunset clouds in unison with lone fowls fly;

The autumn water and vast skies are one in dye.

The fishing boats at dusk aye sing,

That Pengli Shore in the distance doth ring.

The flocks of geese, too cold, thus soar,

That Hengyang Bank lies where shrill is no more.

I look ahead, my mind so free, 

And lift my spirits but of glee.

Crisp panpipe's music brings the ever-soothing breeze,

White clouds attracted by the dainty songs that freeze.

The garden full of green bamboo

Thy mood prevails, and Poet ye outdo.

Like "Lotus Flowers", thy poetic lines

Are bright as Xie Lingyun's shines.

"Four Happy Things" complete,

The host and guests do meet.

I cast my eyes through skies midway,

Life being enjoyed to full in leisure day.

As sky is high and earth immense,

That universe is boundless doth make sense.

As pleasure may give place to pain,

What's written in the stars is wax and wane.

Chang'an is 'neath the sun in west,

Wuhui but 'mid the clouds in east.

The land is at its end; South Sea doth in depth stay.

The Mount is all too high; North Star looks far away.

How hard to pass through lofty peaks!

Who weeps for one who fails in what he seeks?

We meet by chance, like drifting weed,

As strangers are from various towns indeed.

I've longed in vain to see the Royal Wall;

When would I reach His Majesty's great hall?

Alas! My luck is lack of what is glad;

My life is full of what is sad.

Fengtang is getting old with ease;

Liguang finds a rank hard to seize.

Jia Yi was relegat'd to Changsha Town

It's not for lack of a sage crown.

Liang Hong escaped thus to the East Sea's side.

No times of a well-governed tide?

It counts that gentlemen see their luck date,

And lettered men know their own fate.

With age, one must advance his goal,

But not waver in depth of heart and soul;

With plight, one must propel his rise,

But not fall short of stars in the blue skies.

Drinking from the Greed Spring, one is composed;

On the dried-up wheel track, to joy one is exposed.

Though the North Sea is far away,

Ride the whirl wind to it we may.

Though the Fair Youth hath fore'er passed,

Good time in sunset years hath massed.

Meng Chang stands upright, as is plain.

He hopes to serve the country, but in vain.

How can I follow Ruan, who fails

To be composed while in despair, and wails?

Being immature and humble, I 

As nothing but a scholar, sigh.

To join the army, there's no way,

Though I will come to age without delay.

I tend to drop, for sword, my brush,

Following Zong Que who rode the wind to rush.

Give up my lifetime fame and fortune, I'll

And move, to tend my Dad, ten thousand mile.

I 'm not the Tree of Glory in Xie's home,

But glad to make accomplished friends at roam.

Some day, a smaller step so nice,

I'll humbly take my Dad's advice.

Today, I can meet scholars wise,

The joy from which is a surprise.

If Yang Deyi were but unknown,

Sima could sigh on poems, alone.

Since Zhong Ziqi was met that day,

For Running Water played, why shy away?

Alas! A scenic spot will be no more;

A sumptuous feast we can't restore.

Orchid Pavilion is ne'er found;

Gold-Grain Garden ruined to a mound.

To have my parting notes released,

I have to show my pleasure from the feast.

To write verses whilst being on high,

Ye gentlemen will be expect'd thereby.

I dare to rack my humble brain,

And write the preface short and plain.

Everyone is likely to compose

So I produced a four-rhymed prose.

Please ride the wave of talent mighty,

And speak thy mind with works in dazzling beauty!

Pavilion of Prince Teng above the islet soars.

Gone were the jades and bells in revelry on shores.

Painted beams wing towards dawn clouds of the South Rill;

Pearled curtains mingle with dusk rain of the West Hill.

Cloud casts its shadow in the pool from day to day.

How many autumns gone just as stars move away!

I wonder where on earth the royal prince now goes.

Beyond the rails, the silent River forward flows.

翻译技巧解析
    原文出自唐代王勃的作品《滕王阁序》。

    在语义翻译层面,译文采用“直译法”和“意译法”,实现了美学翻译的择善从优、平衡和谐。例如:采用“直译法”,将“物华天宝”译为“The best of things is nature's gift”,将“人杰地灵”译为the greatest wits from land of soul,再现了原作精致的语言风格;采用“直译法”,将“落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色”译为“The sunset clouds in unison with lone fowls fly;/ The autumn water and vast skies are one in dye”,既保留了原作的内容,又保持了原作的形式;采用“直译法”,将“兰亭”译为Orchid Pavilion,再现了中国古典文化的元素;采用“直译法”将“滕王阁”译为Pavilion of Prince Teng,再现了原作的文化着色。采用“意译法”,将“龙光射牛斗之墟”译为“Sword radiance shoots for brightest stars, but all too swift”将“徐孺下陈蕃之榻”译为“Scholars set beds as to esteem each others role”,解释了典故的内涵意义;采用“意译法”,将“(识盈虚之)有数”译为What's written in the stars is wax and wane),灵活地表达了原作的语境意义,实现了翻译的跨文化交际

    在句法翻译层面,使用“缩句译法”,将“(潦水尽)而寒潭清”译为“(Flood hath receded, chilly pools so clear in view”,将“(烟光凝)而暮山紫”译为“(Mist is condensed, dusk hills so clad with purple hue”,体现了“汉语惯用句子、英语惯用独立主格结构”的文化差异;使用“正反译法”,将“时运不齐”译为“My luck is lack of what is glad”,体现了“汉语惯用否定意义、英语惯用肯定意义”的表达差异使用“合句译法”,将“老当益壮,宁移白首之心?”译为“With age, one must advance his goal,/ But not waver in depth of heart and soul”,将“穷且益坚,不坠青云之志”译为“With plight, one must propel his rise,/ But not fall short of stars in the blue skies”,体现了“汉语重意合、英语重形合”的文化差异使用“转句译法”,将“闲云潭影”译为“Cloud casts its shadow in the pool”,体现了“汉语讲究直觉思维、英语讲究理性思维”的文化差异使用“换序译法”,将“物换星移几度秋”译为“How many autumns gone just as stars move away”,保证了上下诗行韵律的和谐。

    在词法翻译层面,使用“增词译法”,增加词汇vibrates和短句who glows,将“孟学士之词宗”译为“vibrates as works of Scholar Meng, who glows”,以帮助英语国家读者了解中国文化的内涵意义;使用“增词译法”,增加短语for sword, 将“有怀投笔”译为“I tend to drop, for sword, my brush”,再现了原作中“弃文从武”的内涵意义;使用“增词译法”,增加短语on shores,将“佩玉鸣鸾罢歌舞”译为“Gone were the jades and bells in revelry on shores”,呼应了上文的地理背景,保证了诗行韵律的和谐。使用“省词法”,将“极娱游于暇日”译为life being enjoyed to full in leisure day(在词汇full之前省略定冠词the),使用“省词法”,将“天高地迥”译为As sky is high and earth immense(在词汇earth 之后省略前文已出现的系动词is),保证了同一诗行格律的一致;使用“省词译法”,将”佩玉鸣鸾”译为“jades and bells”,体现了“汉语惯用动词、英语惯用名词”的文化差异;使用“省词译法”,省略语境意义自明的“物换”不译,且省略系动词were,将“物换星移几度秋”译为“How many autumns gone just as stars move away,保证了诗行格律的和谐;使用“省词译法”,将“阁中帝子”译为the royal prince,省略上文已知的背景信息,保证了语言的凝炼;使用“转性译法”,将“长江空(自流)”译为the silent River forward flows),体现了“汉语惯用副词、英语惯用形容词”的文化差异。使用“具体译法”,将“两难”译为both host and guests,解释了原作的内涵意义

    同时,译文创造了翻译美学的“三维美”。首先,运用七十四组“两行转韵”的表现手法和“抑扬格三音步”“抑扬格四音步”“抑扬格五音步”“抑扬格六音步”有机结合的英诗格律,且屡屡使用“交叉韵”修辞格层层渲染气氛,反复加强抒情,韵律悦耳动听,节奏跌宕回环,达到了充满诗意的美学效果,创造了诗词的音韵美。例如,在第一诗节第五至第六诗行中,词汇best brightest 押头韵,词汇giftswift押尾韵,第一组词汇中的头韵音素[bf]、第二组词汇中的尾韵音素[ift ]按照a-b-a-b的规则交叉排列(bestgiftbrightestswift),构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出上下浑成之美;在第一诗节第十一至第十二诗行中,词汇mightyshine腹韵,词汇mistlist押尾韵,第一组词汇中的腹韵音素[aɪ]、第二组词汇中的尾韵音素[ist ]按照a-b-a-b的规则交叉排列(mightymistshinelist),构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出了虚实相衬之美;在第二诗节第三至第四诗行中,词汇clearclad押头韵,词汇viewhue押尾韵,第一组词汇中的头韵音素[ k]、第二组词汇中的尾韵音素[juː]按照a-b-a-b的规则交叉排列(clearviewcladhue),构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出了远近变化之美;在第二诗节第九至第十诗行中,词汇stretchheaven腹韵,词汇greenseen押尾韵,且第一组词汇中的腹韵音素[e]和第二组词汇中的尾韵音素[iːn]按照的顺序交叉排列stretchgreenheavenseen,构成“交叉韵”修辞格,且在第二诗节第十一至第十二诗行中,词汇 streamsee押头韵,词汇 redspread押尾韵,且第一组词汇中的头韵音素[s ]和第二组词汇中的尾韵音素[ed ]按照的顺序交叉排列streamredseespread,构成“交叉韵”修辞格也构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出了色彩变化之美;在第三诗节第三至第四诗行中,词汇hillsrills押尾韵,词汇plainslakes腹韵,词汇widewind押头韵,词汇eyessurprise押尾韵,且第一组词汇中的尾韵音素[ɪlz]、第二组词汇中的腹韵音素[eɪ]、第三组词汇中的头韵音素[w]、第四组词汇中的尾韵音素[aɪz]按照的顺序交叉排列hillsplainswideeyesrillslakeswindsurprise,构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出了远近变化之美;在第三诗节第七至第八诗行中,词汇sunsetone腹韵,词汇flydye押尾韵,且第一组词汇中的腹韵音素[ʌ]和第二组词汇中的尾韵音素[aɪ]按照的顺序交叉排列sunsetflyonedye,构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出了上下浑成之美;在第四诗节第十九至第二十诗行中,词汇seastar押头韵,词汇stayaway押尾韵,且第一组词汇中的头韵音素[s]和第二组词汇中的尾韵音素[eɪ]按照的顺序交叉排列seastaystaraway,构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出了上下浑成之美在第五诗节第一至第二诗行中,词汇lucklife押头韵,词汇gladsad押尾韵,且第一组词汇中的头韵音素[l]和第二组词汇中的尾韵音素[æ]按照的顺序交叉排列luckgladlifesad,构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出了人生坎坷、命运多舛的感慨;在第六诗节第五至第六诗行中,词汇swordwind韵,词汇brushrush押尾韵,且第一组词汇中的头韵音素[d]和第二组词汇中的尾韵音素[ʌʃ]按照的顺序交叉排列swordbrushwindrush,构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出了投笔从戎、热情报国的志向的思考;在第七诗节第五至第六诗行中,词汇partingpleasure押头韵,词汇releasedfeast押尾韵,且第一组词汇中的头韵音素[p]和第二组词汇中的尾韵音素[iːst]按照的顺序交叉排列partingreleasedpleasurefeast,构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出了临别赠言、互勉互励的心情;在第七诗节第十三至第十四诗行中,词汇ridemind腹韵,词汇waveworks押头韵,词汇talentdazzling腹韵,词汇mightybeauty押尾韵,且第一组词汇中的腹韵音素[aɪ]、第二组词汇中的头韵音素[w]、第三组词汇中的腹韵音素[æ]、第四组词汇中尾韵音素[ti]按照的顺序交叉排列ridewavetalentmightymindworksdazzlingbeauty,构成“交叉韵”修辞格,突出了施展出色才华、谱写瑰丽诗篇的豪情;在第七诗节第十七至第十八诗行中,词汇paintedpearled押头韵,词汇wingmingle腹韵,词汇RillHill押尾韵,且第一组词汇中的头韵音素[ p ]、第二组词汇中的云韵音素[ ɪ ]、第三组词汇中的尾韵音素[ ɪl ]按照“a-b-c-a-b-c”的顺序交叉排列(paintedwingRillpearledmingleHill),构成“交叉韵”修辞格,赞美了滕王阁的万千气象。

    其次,译文反复使用结构对称、语法统一、语义密切、语气连贯的排比句,构成“排比”修辞格,加强了语言的表现力和感染力,创造了诗词的形式美。例如,句子“The best of things as nature's gift,/ Sword radiance shoots for brightest stars, but all too swift”和并列分句“The greatest wits from land of soul,/ Scholars set beds as to esteem each others role构成“排比”修辞格,赞美了南昌的物产丰富和人才济济;并列分句“A mighty town is capped in mist和并列分句“The talents shine as stars in list构成“排比”修辞格,赞美了南昌的建筑如云和人才辈出并列分句“Flood hath receded, chilly pools so clear in view和并列分句“Mist is condensed, dusk hills so clad with purple hue构成“排比”修辞格,再现了诗词的形式美突出了深秋时节的色彩美;并列分句“The hills and plains, so far and wide, fill eyes”和并列分句“The rills and lakes so wind, is our surprise”构成“排比”修辞格,烘托了山岭原野的开阔和河川湖泽的曲折;并列分句“My luck is lack of what is glad”和并列分句“My life is full of what is sad”构成“排比”修辞格,烘托了人生道路的艰难坎坷;句子“With age, one must advance his goal,/ But not waver in depth of heart and soul”和句子“With plight, one must propel his rise,/ But not fall short of stars in the blue skies”构成“排比”修辞格,烘托了奋发图强、永不厌弃的精神;并列分句“Painted beams wing towards dawn clouds of the South Rill”和并列分句“Pearled curtains mingle with dusk rain of the West Hill构成“排比”修辞格,烘托了楼阁的气势和珠帘的温婉。在第七诗节第十六诗行中,句子“Gone were the jades and bells in revelry on shores构成“倒装”修辞格,也加强了语言的表现力和感染力,创造了诗词的形式美。

    再次,句子“A mighty town is capped in mist”以及独立主格结构dusk hills so clad with purple hue构成“暗喻”修辞格,刻画了云雾笼罩的景色,句子“The talents shine as stars in list构成“明喻”修辞格,突出了群星璀璨的才子,创造了诗词的意象美;短语chilly pools烘托了深秋季节的凉意,创造了诗词的意蕴美;短语 in flight stream with red渲染了楼阁凌空的壮美神态,创造了诗词的意象美;将“落霞与孤鹜齐飞,秋水共长天一色”译为“The sunset clouds in unison with lone fowls fly;/ The autumn water and vast skies are one in dye”,所选词汇unison中的字母组合“uni”意为“单一、一体”,蕴含着中国传统文化中“天地合一、万物一体”的哲学思想,再现了原作的丰富内涵,创造了诗词的意蕴美;句子“The fishing boats at dusk aye sing再现了原作的“转喻”修辞格,用fishing boats指代“渔民”,突出了“渔舟唱晚”的画面感,创造了诗词的意象美;从句where shrill is no more渲染了大雁早已远去的凄凉叫声,创造了诗词的意蕴美;从句What's written in the stars表现了命运的注定,创造了诗词的意象美;短语wax and wane刻画了人生的兴衰,创造了诗词的意象美;短语like drifting weed描绘了漂泊人生漂泊、萍水相逢的景象,创造了诗词的意象美;短语advance his goalwaver not in depth of heart and soul烘托了初心不改、勇往直前的气势和意志,创造了诗词的意蕴美;短语propel his risenot fall short of stars in the blue skies渲染了仰望天空、追求理想的精神品质,创造了诗词的意象美、意涵美;短语ride the whirl wind烘托了乘风破浪、拼搏前行的高远志向,创造了诗词的意象美;短语painted beamspearled curtains mingle刻画了画栋和珠帘的华丽,创造了诗词的意象美;词汇soarswing描绘了犹如飞鸟展翅的飞檐翘角,渲染了楼阁的壮观气势和飞动韵味,创造了诗词的意象美;短语the South Rillthe West Hill突出了境界的高远,创造了诗词的意象美;短语the royal prince突出了王子的高贵,创造了诗词的意蕴美。“三维美”艺术地表达了作者对滕王阁的吟咏。

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