在广东丰顺县埔寨镇，每逢元宵佳节，“埔寨火龙”便会如期登场，以炽热之姿穿梭于街巷，它是国家级非物质文化遗产，承载着数百年历史底蕴，闪耀在岭南民俗文化的璀璨星河。
Puzhai Fire Dragon
埔寨火龙
焰舞星河的非遗传奇
Puzhai Fire Dragon
发展历史
埔寨火龙起源可追溯至明代。相传，埔寨古时有恶兽为祸，伤人损田，百姓苦不堪言。一日，一神龙现身，与恶兽激战数日，终将其制服，却也身负重伤，不久后离世。百姓感恩神龙，为缅怀其功绩，便扎制火龙，于元宵夜舞动，寓意驱邪祈福，此俗代代相传，渐成规模。
The origin of the Puzhai Fire Dragon can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty. According to legend, in ancient times, there were evil beasts causing disasters in Puzhai, injuring people and damaging fields, causing unbearable suffering to the people. One day, a divine dragon appeared and fought fiercely against the evil beast for several days, finally subduing it. However, he was also seriously injured and passed away shortly after. People are grateful for the divine dragon. To remember its achievements, they make fire dragons and dance on the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice flour for Lantern Festival) night, implying exorcism and blessing. This custom has been passed down from generation to generation and has gradually become large-scale.
明清时期，随着人口聚集、商贸繁荣，埔寨火龙融入更多民间艺术元素，从简单仪式演变为集舞蹈、音乐、工艺于一体的大型民俗活动。彼时，各宗族、村落齐心参与，比拼火龙制作精巧与舞龙技艺高低，使其影响力不断辐射周边。近代以来，虽历经风雨波折，但在当地民众坚守下，依旧薪火不灭，改革开放后更是重焕生机，多次受邀参演国内外大型文化活动，名扬四海。
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, with population gathering and prosperous commerce, Puzhai Fire Dragon incorporated more folk art elements, evolving from simple rituals to large-scale folk activities that integrated dance, music, and craftsmanship. At that time, various clans and villages participated together, competing in the exquisite production of fire dragons and the level of dragon dance skills, continuously radiating their influence to the surrounding areas. Since modern times, although it has gone through ups and downs, with the perseverance of local people, the flame has not been extinguished. After the reform and opening up, it has regained vitality and has been invited to participate in large-scale cultural events at home and abroad multiple times, becoming famous all over the world.
Puzhai Fire Dragon
埔寨火龙
制作流程
1. 竹篾扎骨：选用坚韧且细长的竹篾，经老工匠巧手劈削，依龙头、龙身、龙尾结构尺寸精心编织。龙头造型繁复，需塑出威严双目、锋利獠牙、飘逸龙须，框架搭就，恰似巨龙雏形初显，内部巧妙留空，以便后续安置烟火装置。
1. Bamboo strips for bone binding: Use tough and slender bamboo strips, carefully cut by skilled craftsmen and woven according to the dimensions of the dragon head, dragon body, and dragon tail structure. The design of the dragon head is complex, requiring the creation of majestic eyes, sharp fangs, and flowing dragon whiskers. The frame is well constructed, resembling the initial appearance of a giant dragon, with clever gaps inside for the installation of fireworks devices in the future.
2. 裱纸绘鳞：以轻薄宣纸或纱纸敷于骨架，米糊粘连，紧密贴合每处弧度。再调朱砂、明黄、翠绿等颜料，手绘龙鳞，笔触细腻、疏密有致，勾勒出栩栩如生、光彩夺目的“龙皮”，在日光下熠熠生辉，已显磅礴气势。
2. Paper mounting and scale painting: Apply light and thin rice paper or gauze paper to the skeleton, stick it together with rice paste, and tightly adhere to each curvature. By adjusting pigments such as cinnabar, bright yellow, and emerald green, hand-painted dragon scales are created with delicate and dense strokes, outlining a lifelike and dazzling "dragon skin" that shines brightly in the sunlight, displaying a majestic aura.
3. 安装烟火：这是点睛之笔，在龙身关键节点暗藏烟花筒、火药包，引线巧妙串联，从龙头至龙尾，布局精准，确保燃放时火力均衡、喷射有序，烟火类型丰富，既有璀璨夺目的“流星”，也有震耳欲聋的“响炮”，赋予火龙鲜活“生命力”。
3. Installation of Fireworks: This is the finishing touch. Fireworks tubes and gunpowder packs are hidden at key nodes of the dragon body, and the leads are cleverly connected from the dragon head to the dragon tail, with a precise layout to ensure balanced firepower and orderly spraying during firing. The types of fireworks are diverse, including dazzling "shooting stars" and deafening "cannons", giving the dragon fresh "vitality".
鉴赏赏析
1. 造型艺术：埔寨火龙造型雄浑大气，龙头阔口怒张、双目圆睁，尽显威严勇猛；龙身蜿蜒矫健，鳞片整齐排列、色彩绚丽，似在云海翻腾，比例协调、线条流畅，静态陈列便是震撼视觉雕塑，彰显民间艺人对龙图腾独特诠释与高超塑形功底。
1. Styling art: The Puzhai Fire Dragon has a majestic shape, with a wide and angry dragon head and wide open eyes, fully demonstrating its power and bravery. The dragon's body is winding and agile, with neatly arranged scales and brilliant colours, as if churning in a sea of clouds. The proportion is coordinated, and the lines are smooth. The static display is a stunning visual sculpture showcasing the unique interpretation and superb shaping skills of folk artists towards dragon totems.
2. 烟火特效：舞动间，烟火是灵魂。点火刹那，火龙周身火柱喷射，“流星”纵横，似在火中穿梭、云间遨游，烟火节奏随舞龙步伐起伏，或急如骤雨，或缓若流云，强光与巨响交织，点亮夜空，将气氛推向狂热巅峰，是力与美的磅礴绽放。
2. Fireworks special effects: During the dance, fireworks are the soul. At the moment of ignition, the dragon's body was engulfed in columns of fire, and "shooting stars" crisscrossed as if shuttling through the flames and wandering through the clouds. The rhythm of the fireworks rose and fell with the dragon's dance steps, sometimes as fast as sudden rain or as gentle as flowing clouds. The strong light and loud noise intertwined, illuminating the night sky and pushing the atmosphere to the peak of fanaticism. It was a magnificent display of power and beauty.
3. 舞蹈编排：舞龙队伍默契配合，执龙珠者灵动引领，“龙”随珠动，或昂首冲霄、或低伏盘旋，舞者步伐矫健、走位多变，在街巷腾挪，演绎“出洞”“翻身”“缠柱”等经典招式，阵法变幻契合烟火节奏，人与龙、火与夜浑然天成，满是质朴热烈民俗风情。
3. Dance arrangement: The dragon dance team cooperates seamlessly, with the dragon bead holder leading with agility. The "dragon" moves with the bead, either soaring high into the sky or hovering low. The dancers have agile steps and varied movements, moving around the streets and alleys to perform classic moves such as "leaving the cave", "turning over", and "wrapping around the pillar". The changes in formation are in line with the rhythm of fireworks, and people and dragons, fire and night are naturally formed, full of simple and warm folk customs.
总结
埔寨火龙是民俗瑰宝，于文化层面，它扎根乡土，凝聚宗族情谊，承载先辈对美好生活向往、对自然敬畏感恩，是岭南文化独特记忆，在历史长河刻下浓墨重彩印记；在艺术维度，集手工、绘画、舞蹈、烟火于一体，多元融合、独具匠心，为传统技艺创新传承立典范。
The Puzhai Fire Dragon is a folk treasure. At the cultural level, it is rooted in the local area, consolidates clan friendship, carries the ancestors' longing for a better life, respects and appreciates nature, and is a unique memory of Lingnan culture, leaving a rich and colourful mark on the long river of history; In the artistic dimension, it integrates handicrafts, painting, dance, and fireworks, with diverse fusion and unique creativity, setting an example for the innovative inheritance of traditional skills.
如今，埔寨镇积极推进火龙“非遗进校园”“非遗进社区”，培养年轻传承人，借助文旅融合，开发文创产品、举办特色节庆，拓展传播广度深度。在现代浪潮里，埔寨火龙正以燎原之势，携古老文化火种，迈向更广阔舞台，续写火舞传奇，让世界领略中华民俗魅力。
Nowadays, Puzhai Town actively promotes the integration of intangible cultural heritage into schools and communities, cultivates young inheritors, develops cultural and creative products, holds characteristic festivals, and expands the breadth and depth of dissemination through the integration of culture and tourism. In the modern wave, the Puzhai Fire Dragon is spreading like wildfire, carrying the ancient cultural spark, marching towards a broader stage, continuing the legend of fire dance, and allowing the world to appreciate the charm of Chinese folk customs.
不只是非遗，更是一种传承
Not only intangible cultural heritage but also a form of inheritance
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