面塑 | 非物质文化遗产

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  面塑，是指以面粉、糯米粉、甘油或澄面等为原料制成熟面团后，用手和各种专用塑形工具，捏塑成各种花、乌、鱼、虫、景物、器物、人物、动物等具体形象的手工技艺。俗称面花、礼馍、花糕、捏面人。是源于山东、山西、北京的中国民间传统艺术之一。

  Dough moulding refers to the handicraft of making mature dough with flour, glutinous rice flour, glycerin or clear noodles as raw materials and then kneading and moulding into various specific images of flowers, blacks, fish, insects, scenes, utensils, people, animals and other specific images by hand and various special shaping tools. It is commonly known as noodle flowers, gift buns, flower cakes, and kneading dough people. It is one of the traditional Chinese folk arts originating from Shandong, Shanxi and Beijing.

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  据史料记载，中国的面塑艺术早在汉代就已有文字记载，经过几千年的传承和经营，可谓是历史源远流长。就捏制风格来说，黄河流域古朴、粗犷、豪放、深厚；长江流域却是细致、优美、精巧。

  According to historical records, China's dough sculpture art has been recorded as early as the Han Dynasty, and after thousands of years of inheritance and operation, it can be said that it has a long history. In terms of kneading style, the Yellow River Basin is simple, rough, bold and profound; The Yangtze River Basin is delicate, beautiful and exquisite.

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  面塑按其使用功能可分为两类，一类是专用于收藏的面塑。通常用精面粉、糯米粉、盐、防腐剂及香油等制成。另一类是可以食用的面塑。用于食用的面塑则用澄粉、生粉等制成。 

  Dough sculpture can be divided into two categories according to its use function; one is the dough sculpture dedicated to the collection. It is usually made with refined flour, glutinous rice flour, salt, preservatives and sesame oil. The other type is edible dough moulding. The dough mould used for food is made of flour, cornstarch, etc. 

面塑艺术的特点：颜色丰富、造型优美；体积较小、便于携带；材料便宜，制作成本比较低廉。

经过面塑艺人长期摸索，现在的面塑作品不霉、不裂、不变形、不褪色，因此为旅游者喜爱，是馈赠亲友的纪念佳品。外国旅游者在参观面人制作时，都为艺人娴熟的技艺、千姿百态栩栩如生的人物形象所倾倒，交口赞誉，称德志面塑为“中国的雕塑”。

The characteristics of dough sculpture art are rich in colour and beautiful shape, Small in size and easy to carry. The material is cheap, and the production cost is relatively low.

After a long period of exploration by dough sculpture artists, the current dough sculpture works are not mildew, cracked, deformed, or faded, so they are loved by tourists and are good souvenirs for relatives and friends. When foreign tourists visit the production of noodle figures, they are all overwhelmed by the skilful skills of the artists and the vivid figures in a thousand postures, and praise them, calling the Dezhi noodle sculpture "China's sculpture".

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面塑，在手中几经捏、搓、压、揉、掀，用小竹刀灵巧地点、切、刻、划、塑成身手头面，披上发饰和衣裳，顷刻之间，栩栩如生的艺术形象便脱手而成。 

Face moulding, in the hands of several pinching, rubbing, pressing, kneading, lifting, with a small bamboo knife dexterously pointed, cut, carved, scratched, shaped into the body of the face, put on hair accessories and clothes, in an instant, the lifelike artistic image will be taken off the hand. 

现代面塑艺术家们对这门中国独有的古老的传统民间艺术注入了极大的热情和心血，使它成为一门全新的艺术。我国现代有名的面塑艺术大师主要集中在京、津一带。北京汤氏面塑、天津赵氏面塑、山东何氏面塑等等。

Modern dough sculpture artists have injected great enthusiasm and effort into this ancient traditional folk art unique to China, making it a new art. China's modern famous dough sculpture art masters are mainly concentrated in Beijing and Tianjin. Beijing Tang's dough moulding, Tianjin Zhao's dough moulding, Shandong He's dough moulding and so on.

在这些面塑作品中，我们不仅能欣赏到传统艺术的美，更能感受到其中所蕴含的文化底蕴和时代精神。它们如同历史的见证，记录着人们的生活点滴，传递着匠人的情感与智慧。

In these dough sculptures, we can not only appreciate the beauty of traditional art but also feel the cultural heritage and spirit of the times. They are like witnesses of history, recording people's lives and conveying the emotions and wisdom of craftsmen.