wool felt
羊毛毡
羊毛毡
<中国传统丝制工艺品 >
wool felt。 China Traditional Intangible Arts and Crafts,
···
wool felt
B
“以布为纸，以针做笔，以线当墨”
“”
"Take cloth as paper, needle as pen and thread as ink"
#01
··历史渊源··
Historical origin
羊毛毡，是用羊毛做成的织品。最早出现在公元前6500年，人类历史记载中最古老的织品形式，不是编织而成的织品。毡制品几乎涵盖生活的方方面面，日常所见的蒙古包围毡子、包门用的毡帘、毡靴、毡帽和毡子制作的玩具摆件等。
Wool felt is a fabric made of wool. First seen in 6500 B.C., the oldest form of fabric in human history is not woven. Felt products cover almost all aspects of life, the daily Mongolian surrounding felt, felt curtains for Baomen, felt boots, felt hats and felt made toys and ornaments, etc.".
#02
·· 介绍 ··
iIntroduce
常见的羊毛毡制品一般以羊毛为主要原料，根据毡化原理不同，制毡工艺可以分为针毡与湿毡两种。针毡就是用戳针通过反复戳刺来毡化羊毛，湿毡则是将碱性液体，一般用肥皂水，加入羊毛中让毛鳞片胀开，并加以振动，使羊毛纤维互相缠绕，最终毡化在一起的制作方法。
The common wool felt products generally take wool as the main raw material. According to the different felting principles, the felting process can be divided into two kinds: needle felt and wet felt. Needle felt is a method of felting wool by repeatedly pricking wool with a poke needle. Wet feet is a method of making alkaline liquid, generally adding soapy water to wool to make hair scales expand, vibrate, make wool fibres intertwine, and finally feel together.
#03
··主要用途··
Main application
1.汽机车吸油、吸音、防震、隔音用
2.高科技电子产品使用
3.机械器材包装使用
4.音响器材隔音使用
5.医疗器材使用
6.皮革压花机使用
7.纺织厂、化工厂、水泥厂，过滤、吸油使用
8.其他各类乐器、帽子、防寒鞋、研磨、防尘等等均可使用
9 .书画毛毡 毡面平整均匀,洁白柔软,富有弹性,可衬托宣纸,使书画爱好者运笔自如,手感舒适.在作品墨多时,不会跑墨,有托墨的作用,又因羊毛可吸烘水分,又具有吸墨的作用,大大体现了脱水保墨的良好性能,特别是绘制国画,能够妙笔生花,书画毡经济实惠, 等级齐全,方便耐用,是文房四宝必需的辅助材料。
Motor car oil absorption, sound absorption, shockproof, sound insulation.
2 Use of high-tech electronic products.
Mechanical equipment packaging use.
Sound insulation use of audio equipment.
Use of medical devices.
Leather embossing machine.
Textile mills, chemical plants, cement plants, filtration, oil absorption use.
Other kinds of musical instruments, hats, cold shoes, grinding, dust-proof and so on can be used.
The felt surface of calligraphy and painting is flat and even, white and soft, elastic, which can set off rice paper, making calligraphy and painting lovers move their pens freely and feel comfortable. When the work is full of ink, it will not run ink and has the function of supporting ink. Because the wool can absorb and bake water, it also has the function of absorbing ink, which greatly reflects the effect of absorbing ink.
#04
··种类区分··
classification
羊毛毡做法主要有基本圆柱、基本球型、片状教程、圆盘花形 四大类.
The methods of wool felt mainly include basic cylinder, basic ball shape, sheet course and disc flower shape.
1.基本圆柱
1.将羊毛取出适合长度。先均匀铺平，将羊毛扎实的往前卷
2.将羊毛放在工作垫上，轻戳固定表面的羊毛固定
3.一边滚动一边戳刺，务必每个地方均匀戳刺到
4.到半毡化时，开始修整两头的形状，使其变成平面
5.然后继续边滚动边戳刺，如果有凹陷的部分可以用羊毛 补上
6.直到羊毛变得紧实，完全毡化为止
Take out the wool to fit the length. Spread the wool evenly and roll it forward firmly.
Put the wool on the work mat and gently poke the wool on the fixed surface to fix it.
While rolling while pricking, be sure to prick evenly in each place.
When semi-fixed, start trimming the shape of both ends to make them flat.
Then, continue to roll and poke. If there is a depression, you can use wool to fill it.
Until the wool becomes compact and completely felt.
2.基本球形
1.取出适量的羊毛，将羊毛对折后，轻轻卷起，成蓬松状 圆柱体。
2.将蓬松的圆柱体的两端向内重叠，放置工作垫上，轻戳 固定。
3.一边滚动一边戳刺，要小心不要扎到手。
4.在毡化过程中，需要不断滚动，避免圆球变形。
5.在感觉戳刺过程中开始有阻力的时候，毛球已经半毡化 了。这个时候可以针对羊毛球进行修复，包括凹陷、扩 大等。
6.修复完毕以后可以继续毡化到毛球紧实。
Take out a proper amount of wool, fold the wool in half, and roll it up gently to form a fluffy cylinder.
Overlap the two ends of the fluffy cylinder inward, place it on the work pad, and gently poke and fix it.
Scroll and stab at the same time. Be careful not to stab your hand.
In the felting process, it is necessary to roll continuously to avoid the deformation of the ball.
When you feel the resistance in the process of stabbing, the wool ball is half-felt. At this time, the wool ball can be repaired, including depression, expansion, etc.
After the repair, it can continue to be felt to firm the wool ball.
3.片状教程
先铺好羊毛。
将羊毛一段一段折起来。
折好后，整体成一片长方形，放在工作垫上，用戳针轻戳固定最后覆盖的那层羊毛。
先戳刺某一面，直到半毡化（形状已大致固定，但还松软的状态），再换另一面继续戳刺至半毡化。
再继续轮流修整两面及边缘，直至整个形状变薄、变小、变紧实，完全毡化。
Lay the wool first.
Fold the wool one by one.
After folding, the whole is a rectangle, which is placed on the work mat, and the last layer of wool covered is fixed with a poke needle.
First, stab one side until it is semi-felt ( the shape is roughly fixed, but it is still soft ), and then continue to stab the other side until it is semi-felt.
Continue to trim both sides and edges in turn until the whole shape becomes thinner, smaller, tighter and completely felt.
4.圆盘花形
1. 将取好的羊毛卷成圆盘状。
2. 将卷好的羊毛放在工作垫上，用戳针轻戳固定最后覆盖的那层羊毛。
3. 一边滚动圆盘边缘，一边均匀地进行戳刺动作，不能只戳刺一个地方，否则会变.成平坦。
4. 修成大致的圆形后，继续用戳针戳刺圆盘上部和底部，直至成平面状。
5. 继续边滚动边戳刺修整边缘弧度，使其更圆滑紧实。
6. 紧实的圆盘状做好后，在边缘用45度针法向内一个方向用力戳刺，直至凹陷。
7. 用同法的办法，在边缘均匀戳刺出五处凹陷。
8.再继续用针修整边缘和上下面，使花瓣形状更圆滑、更紧实，直至完全毡化。
Roll the picked wool into a disc.
Put the rolled wool on the work mat and gently poke with the poke needle to fix the last layer of wool.
While rolling the edge of the disk, poke evenly at the same time. Do not poke only one place, or it will become flat.
After trimming into a rough circle, continue to poke the upper and bottom of the disc with a poke needle until it is flat.
Continue to roll and poke to trim the edge radian to make it more smooth and compact.
After the compact disc shape is completed, use the 45-degree needle method to stab the edge in one direction until it is sunken.
Use the same method to poke out five depressions evenly on the edge.
Continue to trim the edge and the upper and lower parts with a needle to make the petals more smooth and compact until they are completely felt.
#05
·· 工具介绍··
Tool introduction.
一、可乐Clover细针
型号有粗和细两种。毡化速度也还不错，其实这种针也很耐用。
There are two types of models: coarse and fine. The felting speed is also good this kind of needle is also very durable.
二、美国针
有粗，普通和细。也是铁制的，但是感觉美国针总体要比日本的粗。
当然了，粗针毡化速度非常的快，但是还是需要细针做最后的调整，不然表面就很难看。这种针在国内较少。
There are coarse, ordinary and fine. It's also made of iron, but I feel that American needles are thicker than Japanese needles. Of course, the coarse needle felting speed is very fast, but it still needs the final adjustment of the fine needle. Otherwise, the surface will be ugly. This kind of needle is less common in China.
三、Hamanaka的手柄单针
价格不便宜，只有一个型号，但是拿手位很舒服，属于比较粗的针。
用起来还比较顺手，久了也不会很累，因为手柄的原因。但是，成也萧何，败也萧何，同样是因为手柄，因为钢针是直接嵌入手柄的，接头处比较容易断。
The price is not cheap; there is only one model, but the stand is very comfortable, belonging to a relatively thick needle. It's easy to use, and it won't be very tiring after a long time because of the handle. However, it's also because of the handle because the steel needle is directly embedded in the handle, and the joint is easy to break.
四、多针
可乐的5针，这种针用得少，除非你打算做大面积平面的东西，并且不想用水洗的方法。型号也是有粗细两种。
Coke's five needles are used less unless you plan to make a large area of flat things and do not want to wash them with water. There are also two types of models.
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