[ 软木画]
——Cork paintings——
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PART.01
软木画的起源可以追溯到1914年，当时福建巡按使许世英从德国带回一幅简单的风景画片，交给福州工艺传习所的雕刻师傅陈春润研究仿制。陈春润与吴启棋等人一起研究，发现这种画片所用的材料与软木相似，于是开始使用软木进行创作。
The origin of cork painting can be traced back to 1914, when Xu Shiying, the governor of Fujian, brought back a simple landscape painting from Germany and handed it over to Chen Chunrun, a sculptor at the Fuzhou Craft Training Institute, for research and replication. Chen Chunrun, Wu Qiqi, and others conducted research and found that the materials used in this type of painting are similar to cork, so they began using cork for their creations.
2008年6月7日，软木画经中华人民共和国国务院批准列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，遗产编号为Ⅶ-90。
On June 7, 2008, Cork Painting was approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China to be included in the second batch of the national intangible cultural heritage list, with the heritage number VII-90.
从20世纪30年代开始，软木画从简单的贺年片发展成为玻璃镜框的挂件，丰富了软木画的表现形式。
Since the 1930s, cork painting has evolved from simple New Year's greetings to glass-framed pendants, enriching the expressive forms of cork painting.
到了20世纪70年代，软木画的生产制作经历了变革，采用了机械刨切和车、冲花样的办法，提高了生产效率和质量。
In the 1970s, the production and production of cork paintings underwent a transformation, adopting mechanical cutting and weaving techniques to improve production efficiency and quality.
PART.02
软木画的主要原料是来自欧洲西班牙、葡萄牙及阿拉伯等地的栓皮栎树的木栓层。这种软木具有质地轻软、不易燃、抗腐蚀、耐磨等优点，且表面有细密的天然纹样和针孔大小不等的肌理，比较适合切削成薄片状材料进行造型刻画。
The main raw material for cork paintings is the cork layer of cork oak trees from Europe, Spain, Portugal, and Arabia. This type of cork has the advantages of light and soft texture, non-flammability, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, etc. It also has fine natural patterns and varying sizes of pinholes on the surface, making it suitable for cutting into thin sheet materials for shaping and carving.
软木画的制作流程精细繁杂，总共需要几十道工序，但总体可分为五个阶段。
The production process of cork painting is intricate and complex, requiring dozens of steps in total, but can be divided into five stages as a whole.
1.造型设计：明确作品的型制，如平面挂框、立体屏风或案头摆件，并清楚标识作品的具体尺寸。
2.绘图定稿：严谨准确地描绘作品画面的所有造型，包括标明透视空间层次，以及画面题款文字、印章图形的字体、位置等。
3.制作零部件：选择合适的软木和通草等主辅材料，制作出全部的作品零配件。
4.布景组装：这是流程的关键阶段，要求严格按照定稿设计图，将零部件一一组装完成。
5.配框包装：为作品配好外框和外包装，整个作品制作完成。
1. Styling design: Clearly define the form of the work, such as flat hanging frames, three-dimensional screens, or desk decorations, and clearly label the specific dimensions of the work.
2. Draft drawing: Carefully and accurately depict all the shapes of the artwork, including indicating the perspective space hierarchy, as well as the font and position of the title text and seal graphics.
3. Making components: Select suitable main and auxiliary materials, such as cork and grass, and make all the components of the work.
4. Set assembly: This is a critical stage in the process, requiring strict adherence to the finalised design drawings and the assembly of each component.
5. Frame packaging: Prepare the outer frame and packaging for the artwork and complete the entire production.
Cork paintings
软木画结合了中国传统雕刻技艺和绘画艺术，通过精细的雕刻和独特的构图，创造出具有立体感和艺术魅力的作品。它不仅展现了自然景观和人文风情，还蕴含了深厚的文化底蕴和艺术追求。它被列为国家级非物质文化遗产，代表了中国传统工艺美术的精髓。它的传承和发展有助于保护和弘扬中国传统文化。
Cork painting combines traditional Chinese carving techniques and painting art, creating works with a sense of three-dimensionality and artistic charm through fine carving and unique composition. It not only showcases natural landscapes and cultural customs but also contains profound cultural heritage and artistic pursuits. It is listed as a national intangible cultural heritage, representing the essence of traditional Chinese arts and crafts. Its inheritance and development contribute to the protection and promotion of traditional Chinese culture.
Cork paintings
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