糖塑，中国传统民间手工艺品之一，俗称吹糖、糖人模，从事这行手艺的人叫吹糖人，
遍及全国各地，其中尤以湖北天门、沔阳
（今仙桃市）为最。
天门沔阳糖塑的独特之处在于它在制作上高人一筹，常见的有连年有鱼、二龙戏珠、麒麟送子、穆桂英挂帅、杨宗保点兵等等。
Sugar sculpture, one of the traditional Chinese folk handicrafts, commonly known as blowing sugar man mould, engaged this craft people blowing sugar people all over the country, especially in Hubei Tianmen, Chuyang(now Xiantao City) is the most.
The uniqueness of Tianmen Chuyang Sugar Sculpture is that it is superior in production, and the common ones are fish in successive years, two dragons playing with pearls, unicorn sending children, Mu Guiying in command, Yang Zongbao and so on.
Historical
Context
历史背景
楚地糖艺孕育于楚人以饴糖制品祭祀祖灵习俗，亦与长江流域地域间小手工艺的交流有很大的关系。楚地糖塑艺人供奉浙江人刘伯温为祖师爷。
The sugar art of Chu was conceived in the Chu people's custom of sacrificing ancestral spirits with starch sugar products, and it also has a great relationship with the exchange of small handicrafts between regions in the Yangtze River Basin. Chudi sugar sculpture artists worship Liu Bowen, a native of Zhejiang, as their ancestors.
在天门、沔阳（今仙桃市）一带，糖艺多属"吹糖人"类。旧时，这里人多地少，地势低洼，汛期常闹水荒。为了谋生，人们被迫流浪在外地学手艺，学成后又回家乡发展，糖塑由此发展起来。旧时农闲时节，沔阳艺人们便分赴外地，甚至远到湖南、江西、河南等省卖艺谋生。
In the area of Tianmen and Chuyang (now Xiantao City), sugar art mostly belongs to the category of "sugar blowers". In the old days, there were many people and little land, the terrain was low-lying, and there was often a shortage of water during the flood season. To make a living, people were forced to wander in other places to learn crafts, and after completing their studies, they returned to their hometowns to develop sugar sculptures. In the old days, during the slack season, the artists of Weiyang went to other places and even went as far as Hunan, Jiangxi, Henan and other provinces to sell their art to make a living.
天门糖塑也多为世代相传的家传手艺。旧时也曾自成帮派，互相扶持，共同发展。糖塑艺人身背一口精心设计、多功能的木箱，箱盖上绘有供人转彩的圆盘，周边绘满有趣的人兽花鸟图案。圆心设一指针，供人车旋，旋到何物，糖塑艺人就现作何物。故而做糖人模也称作"车糖人模".
Tianmen sugar sculpture is also a family handicraft that has been passed down from generation to generation. In the old days, they also formed their gangs, supporting each other and developing together. The sugar sculptor carries a well-designed, multi-functional wooden box, the lid of which is painted with a disc for people to turn colour, and the surrounding area is painted with interesting patterns of people, animals, flowers and birds. A pointer is set in the centre of the circle for people to spin, and what to spin, the sugar sculptor will make something. Therefore, being a sugar man model is also called a "car sugar man model".
原料可塑性强：麦芽糖是糖塑的主要原料，加热后变软，比面塑更具可塑性，既可吹成薄而亮的各类造型，又可拉成粗细不同的糖丝。捏成不同形状的配件，易粘且牢固。
造型神形兼备：糖塑的技艺主要功夫在“吹”上，一块糖坯在艺人手中，边吹边捏，再通过搓、压、挑、剪等手段，加上辅助的小铁丝，少则几分钟，多则半小时，一件作品就完成了。
Shape and shape: the main skill of sugar sculpture is in "blowing", a piece of sugar billet in the hands of the artist while blowing and pinching, and then through rubbing, pressing, picking, cutting and other means, plus auxiliary small wire, less than a few minutes, more than half an hour, work is completed.
How to make it
制作方法
沔阳糖塑的制作技巧以"吹"、"扯"为要。 "吹"是沔阳糖塑最基本的技巧，俗语说："糖模师傅的本事──吹出来的！"学徒学艺，先学的就是"吹泡子"。糖塑师傅把吹的手段发挥得淋漓尽致，根据吹塑材料和对象分别运气，吹出葫芦、金瓜，皮薄中空；龙身、凤体，丰满光润。有时连吹带拉，用一个糖泡做成枝桠纵横的枯树，用一个糖泡吹成老鼠拖菱角；在已变冷的泡上粘个热泡，还可吹出更复杂的造型。扯，也是糖塑艺人必须掌握的技巧之一。
The production skills of sugar sculpture are based on "blowing" and "pulling". "Blowing" is the most basic skill of sugar sculpture in Chuyang, as the saying goes: "The ability of the sugar mould master - blow out!" "When an apprentice learns an art, the first thing he learns is to "blow bubbles". The sugar sculptor gives full play to the means of blowing, according to the luck of the blowing material and the object, blows out the gourd and gourd, and the skin is thin and hollow. The body of the dragon and the body of the phoenix are plump and smooth. Sometimes, they blow and pull, use a sugar bubble to make a dead tree with vertical and horizontal branches, use a sugar bubble to blow a mouse to drag water chestnuts, Stick a hot bubble on a bubble that has cooled down, and blow it into more complex shapes. Pulling is also one of the skills that sugar sculptors must master.
黄褐色的饴糖在艺人手中越扯越活，做起来十分顺手；本色的糖稀，越扯颜色越淡，可变成淡黄色或乳白色，有如玉雕制品；加了食用色素的糖稀，则越扯越"出色"。
The yellow-brown caramel is getting more and more alive in the hands of artists, and it is very easy to make. The natural colour of the syrup, the lighter the colour is, it can become pale yellow or milky white, like jade carving products. The syrup with food colouring is more and more "excellent".
此外，搓、拉、捏、团、挑、揉、按和压、擦、拨、画、挑、剪也是常用的技巧。糖塑有红、绿、黑、黄四种，糖塑生动活泼，栩栩如生。
In addition, rubbing, pulling, pinching, doughing, picking, kneading, pressing and pressing, rubbing, dialling, drawing, picking, and cutting are also commonly used techniques. There are four kinds of sugar sculptures: red, green, black and yellow, and the sugar sculptures are vivid and lifelike.
Legacy preservation
传承保护
2022年5月10日，青山区文化馆的传统美术糖塑 入选第七批自治区级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名单。
On May 10, 2022, the traditional art sugar sculpture of the Qingshan District Cultural Center was selected for the list of the seventh batch of representative items of intangible cultural heritage at the autonomous region level.
糖塑的独特之处在于它将“吹”与“塑”巧妙结合，再加上小弹簧等一些部件可以让作品活动起来，使其色、形、动于一体，因而造型生动，色彩鲜丽，人物肌理变化丰富。
The uniqueness of sugar sculpture is that it cleverly combines "blowing" and "plastic", and some parts, such as small springs, can make the work active so that its colour, shape and movement are integrated so that the shape is vivid, the colour is bright, and the texture of the characters is rich.
天门糖塑艺人把飞禽走兽，器物用具，人物故事，神话传说都能作为题材，融入自己的作品中，糖塑也因此赢得人们的喜爱。糖塑，从艺术角度审视，具有一定的价值，但其易融化变形，不易保存，实乃遗憾。
Tianmen sugar sculpture artists can use birds and beasts, utensils, character stories, myths and legends as themes and integrate them into their works, and sugar sculpture has won people's love. Sugar sculpture, from an artistic point of view, has a certain value, but it is easy to melt and deform, and it is not easy to preserve, which is a pity.
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