玲珑瓷｜景德镇四大传统名瓷｜非物质文化遗产

玲珑瓷属于镂花的一种，

它是古代汉族陶瓷艺术之瑰宝。

Linglong porcelain belongs to a type of engraved pattern,

It is a treasure of ancient Han ceramic art.

瓷器坯体上通过镂雕工艺，雕镂出许多有规则的“玲珑眼”，然后以釉烧成后这些洞眼成半透明的亮孔。

Through the carving process, many regular "exquisite eyes" are carved on the porcelain body, and then these holes are made into semi transparent bright holes after being fired with glaze.

玲珑瓷的镂空技术可追溯至原始社会的陶器孔洞。到了汉代，镂空工艺在陶瓷领域进一步发展。唐代江西洪州窑有出土过“类玲珑瓷”文物，其釉色淡青微闪黄，胎薄质细，器腹上壁或下壁环镂带状玲珑为饰，显系当年的高档茶具或酒器。北宋仁宗时期，湖田窑影青瓷的特点为玲珑瓷的出现奠定了基础。元代景德镇制瓷匠人们改进瓷胎和釉料配方，逐渐总结出玲珑瓷的装饰技巧。

The hollow out technology of Linglong porcelain can be traced back to the pottery holes in primitive society. In the Han Dynasty, hollow out technology further developed in the field of ceramics. During the Tang Dynasty, a cultural relic known as "Linglong like porcelain" was unearthed from the Hongzhou kiln in Jiangxi Province. The glaze color was light blue with a slight flash of yellow, and the body was thin and fine. The upper or lower walls of the vessel were decorated with strip shaped Linglong porcelain, indicating that it was a high-end tea or wine vessel from that time. During the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, the characteristics of Hutian kiln shadow celadon laid the foundation for the emergence of Linglong porcelain. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen porcelain craftsmen improved the porcelain body and glaze formula, gradually summarizing the decorative techniques of Linglong porcelain.

明代永乐年间，制作玲珑瓷的技术成熟并开始生产，但因制作工序复杂，成品稀少，大多为皇室专用的陈设瓷。明末清初，从单一的玲珑装饰发展出了青花玲珑。清代乾隆时期，发展出青花粉彩玲珑和青花斗彩玲珑，镂刻的图案也丰富多样。但到了嘉庆时期，玲珑瓷工艺日趋衰落。

During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the technology for producing Linglong porcelain matured and production began. However, due to the complex production process and scarce finished products, most of them were display porcelain exclusively for the royal family. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, blue and white exquisite decorations developed from a single exquisite decoration. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the development of exquisite blue pollen and blue and white fighting colors, as well as rich and diverse engraved patterns, emerged. But during the Jiaqing period, the craftsmanship of Linglong porcelain gradually declined.

• 镂雕：这是玲珑瓷的基础环节，即在充分干燥的坯体上使用各种型号的刻刀，按照设计图纸镂刻出大小近似的玲珑眼。传统的雕孔工具通常是特制的尖头刀具，要求制作者具备精湛的技艺，以保持玲珑眼的颗粒状外形特征。

• Carving: This is the basic process of Linglong porcelain, which involves using various types of carving knives on a fully dried body to carve Linglong eyes of similar size according to the design drawings. Traditional carving tools are usually specially designed pointed knives that require the maker to possess exquisite skills to maintain the granular shape characteristics of the delicate eyes.

• 填釉：关键在于玲珑釉的配制以及填釉的手法。先清坯体浮灰，再用羊毛笔多次填补玲珑釉至雕刻孔洞，每次填补后待其自然失水再补釉，直至釉面平整，确保烧制出来的玲珑瓷釉层均匀饱满。

• Glazing: The key lies in the preparation of Linglong glaze and the technique of glazing. First, clean the floating ash on the body, then use a wool pen to fill the Linglong glaze multiple times until the carving holes are carved. After each filling, let it naturally lose water before filling the glaze until the glaze surface is flat, ensuring that the Linglong porcelain glaze layer fired is uniform and full.

• 洗釉和施涂面釉：完成初步填釉后，用湿毛笔或特制刀具抹平玲珑眼处釉面，去除多余釉料。随后施涂面釉，常见技法有吹釉、浇釉、漫釉等。

• Glazing and application of surface glaze: After completing the initial filling of glaze, use a wet brush or special cutting tool to smooth out the glaze at the delicate eye area and remove excess glaze. Subsequently, the surface glaze is applied using common techniques such as blowing glaze, pouring glaze, and spreading glaze.

• 外观特点：玲珑瓷最大的特点是玲珑剔透，光线透过玲珑眼，产生独特的光影效果，给人一种空灵、雅致的感觉。

• Appearance features: The biggest feature of Linglong porcelain is its exquisite and transparent appearance. Light passes through Linglong's eyes, creating a unique light and shadow effect, giving people a feeling of ethereal and elegant.

• 装饰丰富：常与青花、粉彩、釉下五彩等装饰技法相结合，画面丰富多彩。既有传统的山水、花鸟、人物等题材，也有现代的创新设计，兼具古朴与清新之美。

• Appearance features: The biggest feature of Linglong porcelain is its exquisite and transparent appearance. Light passes through Linglong's eyes, creating a unique light and shadow effect, giving people a feeling of ethereal and elegant.

• 文化内涵：承载着丰富的中国传统文化内涵，其造型和装饰体现了不同历史时期的审美观念和生活情趣，是中国传统文化艺术的重要载体。

Cultural connotation: It carries rich traditional Chinese cultural connotations, and its shape and decoration reflect the aesthetic concepts and life tastes of different historical periods. It is an important carrier of traditional Chinese culture and art.

非物质文化遗产，是民族智慧的结晶，是历史长河中闪耀的瑰宝。它们承载着先辈们的记忆、情感与创造力，见证了人类文明的演进历程。

Intangible cultural heritage is the crystallization of national wisdom and a shining gem in the long river of history. They carry the memories, emotions, and creativity of our ancestors, witnessing the evolution of human civilization.

玲珑瓷的制作技艺面临着传承的挑战。为了保护这一非物质文化遗产，许多工匠和艺术家致力于传承和创新，通过开设工作室、举办展览、开展培训等方式，让更多的人了解和喜爱玲珑瓷。同时，政府和相关部门也加大了对玲珑瓷的保护力度，从政策、资金等方面给予支持，确保这一珍贵的文化遗产得以延续。

The production techniques of Linglong porcelain face the challenge of inheritance. In order to protect this intangible cultural heritage, many craftsmen and artists are committed to inheriting and innovating, by opening studios, holding exhibitions, conducting training, and other methods, to enable more people to understand and love Linglong porcelain. At the same time, the government and relevant departments have also increased their efforts to protect Linglong porcelain, providing support from policies, funds, and other aspects to ensure the continuation of this precious cultural heritage.