内画 | 非物质文化遗产

  内画，又称内画鼻烟壶，是中国一种特有的传统工艺，它的产生与高度透明玻璃的炼制、掏膛技术的成功是分不开的。内画的画法是以特制的变形细笔，在玻璃/水晶、琥珀等材质的壶坯内，手绘出细致入微的画面，格调典雅、笔触精妙。

  Inner painting, also known as inner painting snuff bottle, is a unique traditional craft in China. Its emergence is inseparable from the success of highly transparent glass refining and cutting technology. The painting method of interior painting is a special deformable fine pen, hand-painted in the glass/crystal, amber, and other materials of the pot blank, a detailed picture, elegant style, and exquisite strokes.

  According to legend, during the years of Jiaqing and Daoguang, a small official from another country went to the capital to report his duties and boarded the temple. Because he was about to finish inhaling the snuff, he scraped the snuff left in the snuff pot with a cigarette tag. A monk in the temple saw that the smoke tag left a lot of scratches on the inner wall of the pot, which has a sense of the lines of Chinese painting, and expanded it into the art of painting the pot inside.

一、制坯

准备材料：选用玻璃、水晶、琥珀等透明或半透明的材质作为壶坯。

开坯成型：将原材料进行初步加工，形成初步的壶形。在开坯的基础上，进一步对壶形进行精细的塑造，使其达到所需的形状和尺寸。

掏堂：这是一个关键的步骤，需要使用特定的工具将壶的内部掏空，以便后续的绘制工作。掏堂的过程需要非常小心，以免损坏壶体。

瓶内磨模：用铁线粘合石粒，在瓶内按经纬线把内壁磨擦均匀，并洗净晾干。

Preparation material: Choose glass, crystal, amber and other transparent or translucent materials as the pot blank.

Blank forming: the raw materials are initially processed to form a preliminary pot shape. Based on the opening, the shape of the pot is further refined to make it reach the required shape and size.

This is a critical step that requires specific tools to hollow out the inside of the pot for subsequent painting work. Great care must be taken during the process to avoid damaging the pot body.

Bottle grinding mould: Use iron wire to glue stone particles in the bottle according to the longitude and latitude lines to rub the inner wall evenly and wash and dry.

二、绘制

勾线稿：根据要画的图案，在壶的内壁上用淡墨勾出细线稿。这一步需要非常精细，因为壶口小，磨砂内壁看不清笔尖，所以勾线需要极高的技巧和耐心。

着色：在勾好的线稿基础上，根据画面的明暗关系进行皴、擦、点、染的处理，以增强图案违型的立体感。这一步同样需要精细的操作和丰富的经验，颜色的深浅、浓淡都会直接影响到作品的整体效果。

皴染：通过不同浓淡的墨色和色彩进行渲染，以表现出画面的层次感和立体感。

Line drawing: According to the pattern to be drawn, use light ink on the inner wall of the pot to mark a thin line drawing. This step needs to be very delicate because the spout is small, and the frosted inner wall can not see the tip of the pen, so the drawing requires extreme skill and patience.

Colouring: Based on the drawn line draft, according to the relationship between the light and dark of the picture, the cun, rubbing, spot, and dyeing treatment enhances the three-dimensional sense of pattern back shape. This step also requires fine operation and rich experience, the colour of light and shade will directly affect the overall effect of the work.

Wrinkle dyeing: rendering through different shades of ink and colour to show the sense of layer and three-dimensional sense of the picture.

  Modern inner painting art originates from the Beijing School and is divided into five schools: Beijing, Hebei, Lu, Guangdong and Qin, among which the inner painting of the Hebei School is the largest, fastest developing and most influential. Its birthplace - Hengshui, Hebei Province, has been named the "Hometown of Chinese Inner Painting" heritage list by the Ministry of Culture. On June 7, 2008, internal painting was approved by The State Council to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage.

  The art of internal painting not only covers a variety of painting techniques, such as Chinese painting and oil painting but also integrates traditional art elements such as calligraphy, porcelain firing and glaze application, which makes the works have profound cultural connotation and artistic value. It is one of the treasures of traditional Chinese culture and embodies the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese people.

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