右江磨乜 | 非物质文化遗产

中国的传统手工艺有着悠久而灿烂的历史，在整个中国文化艺术发展史中占有重要的地位。麽乜作为百色右江地区壮族文化的一个象征，是壮族历史文化内涵和保健作用的民间工艺品；从形体、图案、色彩、装饰等方面表现出壮族对神力、生命的美好信仰。

China's traditional handicrafts have a long and splendid history and occupy an important position in the history of the development of Chinese culture and art. As a symbol of Zhuang culture in the Youjiang area of Baise, it is a folk handicraft with the historical and cultural connotation and health care function of the Zhuang people, from the shape, pattern, colour, decoration and other aspects of the Zhuang people's beautiful belief in divine power and life.

Historical 

Context

历史背景

“麽乜”（读音mō miē，壮语译音，神祖的意思）起源于珠江流域西江水系右江上游一带的桂西壮族地区，原为广西百色地区特有的壮族“雅皇”文化传统的手工艺品，承载了壮族先民神话传说和文化祈愿的手工艺品，是百色市右江上游地区壮族特有的民间吉祥饰物，也是当地壮族民间传统工艺品之一 。

"麽乜" (pronounced mō miē, Zhuang transliteration, the meaning of the ancestor) originated in the Pearl River Basin Xijiang River system in the upper reaches of the Youjiang River in the western Guizhou Zhuang area, originally a unique Zhuang "Yahuang" cultural traditional handicraft in the Baise area of Guangxi, carrying the myths and legends of the ancestors of the Zhuang people and cultural prayers of the handicrafts, is the unique folk mascot of the Zhuang people in the upper reaches of the Youjiang River in Baise City, and is also one of the local Zhuang folk traditional handicrafts.

在百色壮族地区，“麽乜”与绣球一样精美和流传久远，原是当地“观音堂”僧人制作，在端午节时免费向市民发放，祝福佩戴的人平安吉祥。

In the Baise Zhuang area, "Mo Ping" is as exquisite as the hydrangea and has been passed down for a long time. It was originally made by the local "Guanyin Hall" monks, and it was distributed to the public free of charge during the Dragon Boat Festival, wishing the wearer a safe and auspicious person.

如今，人们在传统“麽乜”工艺的基础上，融入百色壮族本土蜡染、土布、壮锦、竹编等丰富多彩的民族文化资源和现代生活元素，制作出小巧玲珑的耳环麽乜、手机麽乜饰佩、发簪麽乜饰佩、箱包挂件、手机座等产品，美化了人们的生活，深受人们的青睐。

Nowadays, on the basis of the traditional "Mo Ping" craft, people integrate the rich and colourful national cultural resources and modern life elements such as Baise Zhuang native batik, homespun cloth, Zhuang brocade, bamboo weaving, etc., and produce small and exquisite earrings, mobile phone ornaments, hairpins, luggage pendants, mobile phone holders and other products, which beautify people's lives and are favoured by people.

“麽乜”是当地端午节时用于安神辟邪的香囊配饰物，内部填充物有艾草、苍术、檀香等十几种中草药材料，散发香味。右江人历来都有制作“麽乜”的传统，至今已经几百年的历史。“麽乜”是壮语译音，有神和母亲的意思，其造型来源于壮族古老传说的龙与太阳的故事。

"Mo Ping" is a sachet ornament used to calm the nerves and ward off evil spirits during the local Dragon Boat Festival, and the internal filling is more than a dozen kinds of Chinese herbal materials such as wormwood, atractylodes, sandalwood, etc., exuding fragrance. Youjiang people have always had the tradition of making "Mo Ping", which has a history of hundreds of years. "Mo Ping" is the transliteration of the Zhuang language, which means god and mother, and its shape comes from the story of the dragon and the sun in the ancient legend of the Zhuang people.

How to make it

旧时的麼乜，多采用红、黄、绿、黑、白五种颜色的布料。五色是代表麽乜布料颜色的制作。红色属火，主南方；黄色属土，主中央；绿色属木，主东方；黑色属水，主北方；白色属金，主西方；成为兼具壮族历史文化内涵和保健作用的民俗工艺品。当地壮族人认为这五色与金、木、水、火、土，五行相生相克，能驱疾避邪，招百福，符合人们求吉避凶的心理。

In the old days, the cloth was mostly made of red, yellow, green, black, and white. The five colours are made to represent the colour of the cloth. Red belongs to fire, the main south; Yellow is earthy, the main centre; Greenwood, mainly eastern; Black is water, the main north; White is golden, mainly western. It has become a folk handicraft with both the historical and cultural connotations of the Zhuang nationality and the role of health care. The local Zhuang people believe that these five colours are in harmony with metal, wood, water, fire, and earth, and the five elements are mutually reinforcing, which can drive away diseases, avoid evil, and attract blessings, which is in line with people's psychology of seeking good fortune and avoiding evil.

人们会在“麽乜”内部放入艾草、菖蒲、菊花等十几种草药，壮族妇女们相互馈赠这种用中草药制成的人形香囊，特别是婴幼儿必须随身佩戴，人们相信这样的“麽乜”具有安神镇惊、辟邪解毒、驱赶疾病功效，盈盈一握，散发着草药的芳香，亦寄托了人们祈求开运辟邪、消除灾难、富足安康的美好祝愿。

People will put more than a dozen kinds of herbs, such as wormwood, calamus, chrysanthemum and so on, inside the "Mo Ping" Zhuang women give each other this kind of human-shaped sachet made of Chinese herbal medicine, especially infants and young children must wear it, people believe that such a "Mo Ping" has the effect of calming the nerves and suppressing convulsions, warding off evil spirits and detoxifying, driving away diseases, Yingying grasps it, exudes the fragrance of herbs, and also entrusts people to pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits, eliminate disasters, and have good wishes for prosperity and health.

旧时百色的端午节，麼乜一般是由自家妇女亲手制作的，一位当地人告诉我说：“我们家兄妹两人，每逢小时候过端午节的时候，母亲亲手为我们制作麽乜，我们用来挂在胸前，还有许多中老年人，他们通常是放在衣服口袋里。”

In the old days, the Dragon Boat Festival in Baise was generally made by their women; a local said: "Our brother and sister, every time I was a child during the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother made it for us; we used to hang it on the chest, and there are many middle-aged and elderly people, they are usually put in the pocket of their clothes." ”

Legacy preservation

传承保护

麽也以前主要是由百色市观音堂的僧人进行制作，并在端午节那天免费向市民发放，祝愿佩戴的人吉祥平安。但随着上个世纪六七十年代观音堂的拆毁，麽乜也逐渐消逝在百色人的生活中。随着时代的发展，传统文化遗产慢慢被人们重视，在国家大力挖掘宝贵的物质和非物质文化遗产的今天，百色壮族这一优秀的文化遗产重新被人们拾起。

In the past, it was mainly made by the monks of the Guanyin Hall in Baise City and was distributed to the public free of charge on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival, wishing the wearer good luck and peace. But with the demolition of the Guanyin Hall in the sixties and seventies of the last century, it gradually disappeared in the lives of the Baise people. With the development of the times, the traditional cultural heritage has gradually been paid attention to, and today, when the country vigorously excavates the precious material and intangible cultural heritage, the excellent cultural heritage of the Baise Zhuang people has been picked up again.

在2005年百色市举办的端午文化节上，这个酷似人形的壮族工艺品麽乜以一种全新的姿态出现在人们的视线里。造型更美观，色彩更丰富，材料更高档，品种更多样。麼也在消逝了近半个世纪之后逐渐被人们重视。在2009年亚太华人经济年会上，上万个麽乜作为赠品，传递着美好的祝福。2010年上海世博会广西活动周上，麽乜出现在百色的展位里，引起人们的高度关注。

2012年5月，右江壮族麽也制作技艺被列入第四批自治区级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，预示着麼乜将在新时代里得到更好的传承与发扬。

At the Dragon Boat Festival held in Baise City in 2005, this Zhuang handicraft that resembles a human shape appeared in people's sight with a new attitude. The shape is more beautiful, the colour is richer, the material is more high-grade, and the variety is more diverse. It has also gradually become valued after nearly half a century. At the 2009 Asia-Pacific Chinese Economic Annual Conference, tens of thousands of people were given as gifts to convey good wishes. At the Guangxi activity week of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, Mo Yi appeared in the booth of Bose, which attracted great attention.

In May 2012, the Youjiang Zhuang Mo Ye production skills were included in the fourth batch of representative items of intangible cultural heritage at the autonomous region level, indicating that the Youjiang Zhuang people will be better inherited and carried forward in the new era.

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