粉彩瓷｜景德镇四大传统名瓷｜非物质文化遗产

粉彩瓷是清宫廷创烧的彩瓷，

为景德镇四大传统名瓷之一。

Pink porcelain is a coloured porcelain created and fired by the Qing court,

It is one of the four traditionally famous ceramics in Jingdezhen.

它以“粉润柔和、色彩丰富、画工细腻、风格迥异”的艺术特点而闻名。其制作需在烧好的胎釉上施玻璃白，再上色洗开，利用砷的乳蚀作用使颜色产生粉化效果，呈现独特美感与立体感。

It is known for its artistic characteristics of "soft and smooth powder, rich colours, delicate painting, and distinct styles". Its production requires applying glass white on the fired base glaze, then colouring and washing it, and utilising the milky effect of arsenic to produce a powdering effect, presenting a unique beauty and three-dimensional sense.

粉彩瓷始创于康熙时期，当时风格简朴，制作粗糙，色彩浓艳。雍正时期得到空前发展，质量和工艺都达到极高水平，无论造型、彩绘技法还是纹饰都达到新高度。

Pink porcelain was founded during the Kangxi period, with a simple style, rough production, and vibrant colours. During the Yongzheng period, unprecedented development was achieved, with high quality and craftsmanship, reaching new heights in terms of design, painting techniques, and decorative patterns.

乾隆时期，粉彩瓷继续繁荣，制作更加精细，色彩更加丰富，图案也更加复杂，但艺术造诣相比雍正时期稍有逊色。

嘉庆以后，粉彩瓷的发展逐渐走向衰落，不过在咸丰、同治时，彩粉比较浓厚，在精细粉彩器物上往往还描绘金彩，此时粉彩表现得十分艳丽；光绪、宣统时，粉彩含粉量减少，粉料非常淡浅。

During the Qianlong period, pink porcelain continued to prosper, with finer production, richer colours, and more complex patterns, but its artistic achievements were slightly inferior compared to the Yongzheng period.

After the Jiaqing period, the development of powder-colored porcelain gradually declined. However, during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods, the colour powder was relatively strong, and gold colour was often depicted on fine powder-coloured objects. At this time, powder-coloured porcelain was displayed very brightly. During the reigns of Emperor Guangxu and Emperor Xuantong, the powder content of the powder colour decreased, and the powder was very light and shallow.

彩绘技法：

洗染手法独特：绘制时用笔将颜色依深浅浓淡洗开，使彩绘具有粉化效果，色阶逐渐增加，从而产生赏心悦目的颜色，让画面更加柔和、细腻，富有层次感，与其他彩瓷相比，拥有独特的粉润柔和美感以及鲜明的立体感。

Painting techniques:

Unique dyeing technique: When painting, use a pen to wash the colours according to their depth and intensity, giving the painting a powdering effect. The colour levels gradually increase, producing pleasing colours that make the picture softer, more delicate, and rich in layers. Compared with other coloured porcelain, it has a unique pink and soft beauty, as well as a distinct sense of three-dimensionality.

多种画法融合：吸取了各姐妹艺术中的营养，采取点染与套色的手法，既有严整工细刻画微妙的工笔画，又有渗入淋漓挥洒、简洁洗练的写意画，还有夸张变形的装饰画风，甚至把版画、水彩画、油画以及水彩画等姐妹艺术都加以融汇运用，使所要描绘的对象，无论人物、山水、花卉、鸟虫都显得质感强，明暗清晰，层次分明。例如在绘制人物时，能细腻地表现出人物的神态和表情；绘制山水时，能营造出深远的意境和层次感。

The integration of various painting methods absorbed the nutrition from the sisters' art and adopted the technique of spot dyeing and colour matching. There is not only fine brushwork with strict and meticulous depiction but also freehand brushwork with incisive brushwork and simple and clean painting, as well as exaggerated and deformed decorative painting style. Even sisters' art, such as print, watercolour painting, oil painting and watercolour painting, are integrated and applied so that the objects to be depicted, whether characters, landscapes, flowers, birds or insects, appear with strong texture, clear light and shade, and clear hierarchy. For example, when drawing characters, one can delicately express one's demeanour and expressions. When drawing mountains and waters it can create a profound artistic conception and sense of hierarchy.

线条特点：线条是用手直接画上去的，具有细、匀、柔、俏等特点，比如在勾勒花卉的轮廓、人物的服饰等方面，线条流畅自然，富有韵律感和艺术表现力，能够细腻地展现出物体的形态和特征，与彩绘相互映衬，增添了画面的整体美感。

Line characteristics: Lines are drawn directly by hand and have the characteristics of being fine, even, soft, and beautiful. For example, in outlining the contours of flowers, costumes of characters, etc., the lines are smooth and natural, full of rhythm and artistic expression, and can delicately show the form and characteristics of objects. They complement the painting and add to the overall beauty of the picture.

色彩运用：

色调淡雅柔和：在很多颜色中加入适量的玻璃白，使色调淡雅、柔和、温润，给人一种温馨、雅致的感觉。色彩之间过渡自然，不会出现生硬的边界，能够营造出和谐、舒适的视觉效果。例如粉色、浅绿、淡黄等颜色的运用，使粉彩瓷呈现出独特的艺术风格。

Colour application:

Elegant and Soft Tone: Adding an appropriate amount of glass white to many colours makes the tone elegant, soft, and warm, giving people a warm and elegant feeling. The transition between colours is natural, without rigid boundaries, and can create a harmonious and comfortable visual effect. The use of colours such as pink, light green, and pale yellow creates a unique artistic style for pink porcelain.

色彩丰富多样：虽然整体色调偏淡雅，但通过巧妙的搭配和运用，能够呈现出丰富的色彩变化，可展现出清新淡雅的风格，也能表现出华丽富贵的气质，满足不同的审美需求和装饰场景。

瓷面质感：釉薄、平坦，摸不到凸起的感觉，且不开片，使得瓷器表面光滑细腻，手感舒适，同时也有利于彩绘的呈现，能够更好地展现出色彩的鲜艳和层次感。

Rich and diverse colours: Although the overall colour tone is light and elegant, through clever matching and application, it can present rich colour changes, showing a fresh and elegant style, as well as a gorgeous and luxurious temperament, meeting different aesthetic needs and decorative scenes.

Ceramic surface texture: The glaze is thin and flat, and there is no raised feeling, and it does not crack, making the porcelain surface smooth and delicate, comfortable to touch, and also conducive to the presentation of colour painting, which can better show the brightness and layering of colours.

题材广泛：粉彩瓷的装饰题材十分广泛，涵盖人物、山水、花鸟、鱼虫、走兽、故事等诸多方面。其中，人物题材多描绘历史故事、神话传说、文人雅士等，如《红楼梦》中的人物场景常被搬上粉彩瓷；山水题材则展现出祖国的大好河山，或雄伟壮丽，或秀丽清幽；花鸟题材最为常见，花卉争奇斗艳，鸟儿栩栩如生，充满了生机与活力。这些题材丰富多样，能够满足不同人群的审美喜好，也反映了当时的社会文化和审美风尚。例如清乾隆粉彩百鹿图尊，以鹿为主题，画面中群鹿神态各异，或奔跑、或嬉戏、或觅食，背景配以山林、草地等，整个画面生动自然，寓意吉祥。

Wide range of themes: The decorative themes of pink porcelain are very diverse, covering many aspects such as characters, landscapes, flowers and birds, fish and insects, animals, stories, etc. Among them, the subject matter of characters often depicts historical stories, myths and legends, literati and scholars, etc. For example, the character scenes in "Dream of the Red Chamber" are often adapted into pink porcelain; The theme of mountains and waters showcases the great rivers and mountains of our motherland, whether magnificent or serene; The theme of flowers and birds is the most common, with flowers competing for beauty and birds vividly portrayed, full of vitality and energy. These themes are rich and diverse, able to meet the aesthetic preferences of different groups of people, and also reflect the social culture and aesthetic trends of the time. For example, the Qing Qianlong Pink Hundred Deer Painting Zun, with deer as the theme, depicts a group of deer with different expressions, running, playing, or foraging. The background is accompanied by mountains, forests, grasslands, etc., making the entire picture vivid and natural, symbolising good luck.

非物质文化遗产，是民族智慧的结晶，是历史长河中闪耀的瑰宝。它们承载着先辈们的记忆、情感与创造力，见证了人类文明的演进历程。

Intangible cultural heritage is the crystallisation of national wisdom and a shining gem in the long river of history. They carry the memories, emotions, and creativity of our ancestors, witnessing the evolution of human civilisation.

粉彩瓷作为中国传统陶瓷文化的瑰宝，在历史的长河中不断传承和发展。在现代社会，粉彩瓷依然具有重要的艺术价值和文化意义，同时也面临着新的机遇和挑战。我们应该共同努力，推动粉彩瓷文化的传承与创新发展，让这颗璀璨的明珠在世界陶瓷文化的舞台上绽放出更加耀眼的光芒。

Pink porcelain, as a treasure of traditional Chinese ceramic culture, has been continuously inherited and developed over the long river of history. In modern society, pink porcelain still holds significant artistic value and cultural significance while also facing new opportunities and challenges. We should work together to promote the inheritance and innovative development of pink porcelain culture so that this brilliant pearl can shine even brighter on the stage of world ceramic culture.