中国珠算
calculation with an abacus
算 / 算 / 算
calculation with an abacus
珠算（珠算文化），
作为中国传统文化的瑰宝，
具有深厚的历史底蕴和独特的文化价值。
是以算盘为工具进行数字计算的一种方法，
是中国古代众多的科技发明之一，
系由“筹算”演变而来。
国家级非物质文化遗产之一。
Abacus abacus (abacus culture),
As a treasure of traditional Chinese culture,
It has a profound historical background and unique cultural value.
It is a method of numerical calculation using an abacus as a tool,
It is one of the many technological inventions in ancient China,
It evolved from 'planning'.
One of the national intangible cultural heritages.
历史
HISTORY
珠算有着悠久的历史。
它萌芽于商周时期，
当时人们在生产劳动中，
计数需求逐渐增，
开始有了简单的计算方法。
而早期的算筹可以看作是珠算的前身。
在秦汉时期，
算筹得到了广泛应用。
随着社会经济的发展，
计算量不断增大，
到了东汉徐岳所著的《数术记遗》中，
就有了对珠算的记载，
这标志着珠算开始逐渐成形。
Abacus has a long history.
It sprouted during the Shang and Zhou dynasties,
At that time, people were engaged in productive labour,
The demand for counting is gradually increasing,
A simple calculation method has begun to emerge.
The early abacus can be seen as the predecessor of the abacus.
During the Qin and Han dynasties,
Computational chips have been widely used.
With the development of the social economy,
The computational workload continues to increase,
In Xu Yue's "Records of Numerology", written during the Eastern Han Dynasty,
There are records of abacus calculation,
This marks the gradual formation of abacus calculation.
在元明之际，
算盘最终成型并得到普及。
由于算盘构造简单、操作方便，
在商业贸易、工程建筑、
天文历法等诸多领域都发挥了重要作用，
成为当时人们主要的计算工具。
At the time of Yuanming,
The abacus was eventually formed and popularised.
Due to its simple structure and easy operation,
In commercial trade, engineering and construction
Astronomy, calendar and many other fields have played important roles,
Becoming the primary computing tool for people at that time.
基本原理和工具
Basic principles and tools
算盘的结构：
算盘一般由框、梁、档和算珠组成。
框是算盘的四周框架，
起到支撑作用；
梁将算盘分为上下两部分，
梁上的算珠一颗代表5，
梁下的算珠一颗代表1；
档是连接横梁的竖杆，
用于确定数位。
The structure of an abacus:
An abacus generally comprises a frame, beams, brackets, and beads.
The frame is the surrounding framework of the abacus,
Plays a supporting role;
Liang divided the abacus into upper and lower parts,
The calculation bead on the beam represents 5,
The calculation bead under the beam represents 1;
The gear is a vertical rod connecting the crossbeam,
Used to determine digits.
运算原理
珠算的运算基于十进制计数法。
通过拨动算珠在不同档位上的位置来表示数字，
进而进行加、减、乘、除等数学运算。
例如加法运算时，
通过拨上算珠来增加数值；
减法运算时，
拨下算珠来减少数值。
在乘法和除法运算中，
通过口诀和特定的拨珠规则来实现快速计算。
Principle of operation
The calculation of the abacus is based on the decimal counting method.
By adjusting the position of the bead in different gears to represent numbers,
Then, perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
For example, in addition to operations,
Increase the value by adding calculation beads;
When performing subtraction,
Remove the calculation bead to reduce the value.
In multiplication and division operations,
The fast calculation is achieved through mnemonics and specific bead-plucking rules.
技艺特点
Technical characteristics
口诀系统
珠算拥有一套独特而丰富的口诀。
比如加法口诀“一上一、二上二、三下五除二”等，
乘法口诀“一一得一、一二得二”等。
这些口诀简洁易记，
是珠算运算快速准确的关键。
通过长期的训练，
珠算者可以凭借口诀实现心手合一，
快速地完成复杂的计算。
Mnemonic system
Abacus has a unique and rich set of mnemonics.
For example, the addition mnemonic "one up one, two up two, three down five divided by two", etc.,
Multiplication mnemonics include' one for one, one for two ', etc.
These mnemonics are concise and easy to remember,
It is the key to fast and accurate abacus calculations.
Through long-term training,
Abacus practitioners can achieve unity of mind and hand through mnemonics,
Could you quickly complete complex calculations?
指法技巧
珠算的指法非常讲究。
拨珠的手指主要是拇指、
食指和中指。
拇指负责将下珠向上拨，
食指负责将下珠向下拨，
中指则负责拨上梁上的算珠。
熟练的指法能够提高珠算的运算速度。
例如在进行快速连加连减运算时，
指法的灵活运用至关重要。
Fingering technique
The finger technique of abacus calculation is very particular.
The fingers used for plucking beads are mainly the thumb
Finger and middle finger.
The thumb is responsible for pulling the lower ball upwards,
The index finger is responsible for pulling the lower ball downwards,
The middle finger is responsible for pulling the calculation beads on the beam.
Proficient finger techniques can improve the speed of abacus calculations.
For example, when performing fast addition and subtraction operations,
The flexible use of finger techniques is crucial.
文化价值
Cultural Value
教育价值
珠算对于儿童的智力开发有着显著的作用。
它能培养儿童的专注力、
观察力、思维能力和记忆力。
在珠算的学习过程中，
儿童需要高度集中注意力来操作算珠，
通过观察算珠的位置变化来思考运算过程，
并且记住口诀和运算规则。
同时，
珠算还能帮助儿童更好地理解数字
概念和数学运算原理，
为今后的数学学习打下坚实的基础。
educational value
Abacus has a significant impact on children's intellectual development.
It can cultivate children's concentration
Observation ability, thinking ability, and memory.
In the process of learning the abacus,
Children need a high degree of concentration to operate beads,
By observing the changes in the position of the beads to think about the calculation process,
And remember the mnemonic and calculation rules.
Meanwhile,
Abacus can also help children better understand numbers
Concepts and principles of mathematical operations,
To lay a solid foundation for future mathematics learning.
文化传承价值
作为一种传统的计算技艺，
珠算承载着丰富的历史文化内涵。
它反映了古代中国人民的智慧结晶，
是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。
从算盘的制作工艺到珠算的运算口诀和方法，
都体现了中华民族的文化特色。
它见证了中国古代商业、
手工业等多个行业的发展历程，
是中华民族文化传承的一个重要载体。
Cultural heritage value
As a traditional computing technique,
The abacus carries rich historical and cultural connotations.
It reflects the wisdom of the ancient Chinese people,
It is an important component of traditional Chinese culture.
From the manufacturing process of the abacus to the calculation formulas and methods of the abacus,
All reflect the cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation.
It witnessed ancient Chinese commerce
The development history of multiple industries, such as handicrafts,
It is an important carrier for the inheritance of Chinese national culture.
现状与保护
Current situation and protection
现状
随着电子计算器和计算机等现代计算工具的普及，
珠算在日常生活和工作中的实用价值逐渐降低。
现在，
珠算已经较少用于日常商业计算等领域。
然而，
在一些特定的专业领域，
如会计、金融等，
珠算的精准性和独特的运算思维仍有一定的应用。
present situation
With the popularisation of modern computing tools, such as electronic calculators and computers,
The practical value of abacus in daily life and work is gradually decreasing.
Now?
Abacus has become less commonly used in daily commercial computing and other fields.
However,
In some specific professional fields,
Such as accounting, finance, etc,
The accuracy and unique computational thinking of the abacus still have certain applications.
保护措施
珠算已被列入联合国
教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产名录。
为了保护珠算这一珍贵的非遗项目，
许多措施正在实施。
例如在教育方面，
不少学校将珠算作为校本课程，
让学生学习珠算技艺，
培养对传统文化的兴趣。
相关部门也在开展珠算技艺传承人的评选和保护工作，
鼓励老艺人收徒传艺，
并且举办各种珠算比赛，
以推广和弘扬珠算文化。
protective measures
Abacus has been included in the United Nations
The UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
To protect the precious intangible cultural heritage project of the abacus,
Many measures are being implemented.
For example, in the field of education,
Many schools incorporate abacus as a school-based curriculum,
Let students learn abacus skills,
Cultivate an interest in traditional culture.
The relevant departments are also conducting the selection and protection of inheritors of abacus skills,
Encourage veteran artists to take on apprentices and pass on their skills,
And hold various abacus competitions,
To promote and propagate the abacus culture.
综上所述，
非遗珠算作为中国传统文化的瑰宝，
具有深厚的历史底蕴和独特的文化价值。
我们应该加强对珠算文化的保护和传承工作，
让这一独特的文化遗产在新时代焕发出更加耀眼的光芒。
in summary,
As a treasure of traditional Chinese culture, non-precious pearls are considered precious,
It has a profound historical background and unique cultural value.
We should strengthen the protection and inheritance of abacus culture,
Let this unique cultural heritage shine even brighter in the new era.
内容策划 Presented
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策划 Producer | Kam
排版 Editor | Kam
校对 Proof | Eve
审核 Reviewer | Eve
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