最近门诊接连分别遇到了甲扁平苔藓、甲银屑病、甲湿疹,为增进对甲病认知,现对甲病皮损表现及相关疾病作一简要汇总。
无甲(anonychia)
相关疾病:创伤、药物;
(卡马西平相关无甲)
凹甲(koilonychia)
相关疾病:贫血;
扁平甲(platonychia)
相关疾病:贫血
甲板变薄(thinning of the nail plate)
相关疾病:扁平苔藓、创伤;
脆甲(brittle nail)
相关疾病:脆甲综合征;
甲凹坑(Pitting)
相关疾病:银屑病、湿疹、斑秃、特应性皮炎、二期梅毒、寻常型天疱疮、白癜风;
(银屑病-甲凹坑)
甲纵脊(longitudinal ridging)
相关疾病:银屑病、扁平苔藓、甲沟炎、斑秃、寻常型天疱疮、结缔组织病;
(甲扁平苔藓)
甲横脊(transverse ridging)
相关疾病:特应性皮炎、海勒正中管状甲营养不良(亦称甲中线营养不良;Median Canaliform Dystrophy of Heller);
(海勒正中管状甲营养不良)
裂片状出血(splinter hemorrhage)
相关疾病:银屑病、Darier’s病、毛发红糠疹、缺血性心脏病、高血压、结缔组织病;
鲑鱼红斑(salmon patch)
相关疾病:银屑病;
纵向黑甲(longitudinal melanonychia)
相关疾病:扁平苔藓、药物、HIV、Addison’s病、特发性等(余见本号既往文章);
(齐多夫定相关纵向黑甲)
白甲(leukonychia)
相关疾病:斑秃、Darier’s病、特发性、外伤等(余见既往文章);
(外伤性点状白甲)
对半甲(half-and-half nail)
相关疾病:慢性肾衰竭;
三角形甲半月(triangular lunula)
相关疾病:湿疹;
红色甲半月(red lunula)
相关疾病:斑秃、结缔组织病、扁平苔藓;
(甲扁平苔藓)
Mee’s线(mee’s line)
相关疾病:慢性肾衰竭;
Beau’s线(Beau’s line)
相关疾病:银屑病、扁平苔藓、药物、二期梅毒、寻常型天疱疮;
(顺铂相关Beau’s线)
脱甲症(onychomadesis)
相关疾病:斑秃、药物、寻常型天疱疮、大疱性表皮松解症、糖尿病;
(手足口病相关脱甲症)
断甲(Onychoschisis)
相关疾病:外伤;
甲剥离(onycholysis)
相关疾病:银屑病、甲沟炎、湿疹、寻常型天疱疮、毛发红糠疹、药物性、麻风、二期梅毒;
甲翼状胬肉(pterygium nail)
相关疾病:扁平苔藓;
甲刻痕(nicking)
相关疾病:Darier’s病;
(Darier’s病V形甲刻痕)
甲营养不良(onychodystrophy)
相关疾病:甲真菌病、银屑病、扁平苔藓、甲沟炎、湿疹、药物、大疱性表皮松解症、先天性厚甲;
(卡泊相关甲营养不良)
(先天性厚甲)
甲状角化病(onychogryphosis)
相关疾病:外伤、糖尿病;
甲下角化过度(subungual hyperkeratosis)
相关疾病:银屑病、扁平苔藓、厚甲、湿疹、特应性皮炎、寻常型天疱疮、Darier’s病、毛发红糠疹;
甲皱襞红斑(nailfold erythema)
相关疾病:甲真菌病、结缔组织病;
甲皱襞毛细血管扩张(nailfold telangiectasia)
相关疾病:结缔组织病;
甲皱襞炎症(nailfold inflammation)
相关疾病:甲沟炎、寻常型天疱疮;
甲小皮缺失(absent cuticle)
相关疾病:甲沟炎;
钳甲(pincer nail)
相关疾病:外伤;
嵌甲(ingrown nail)
相关疾病:外伤;
杵状甲(clubbing)
相关疾病:COPD、特发性、结缔组织病、麻风;
(先天性杵状甲)
网球拍状甲(racquet nail)
相关疾病:特发性;
甲横沟(transverse groove)
相关疾病:银屑病、甲沟炎;
甲小皮参差(ragged cuticle)
相关疾病:结缔组织病(系统性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮、皮肌炎);
巨大甲半月(macrolunula)
相关疾病:习惯性抽搐(habit tic)、海勒正中管状甲营养不良、外伤;
(外伤性巨大甲半月)
甲板变色(nail plate discoloration)
相关疾病:甲真菌病、银屑病、甲沟炎、湿疹、寻常型天疱疮、Darier’s病、先天性厚甲、毛发红糠疹、Addison’s病、白癜风。
(甲真菌病)
(Addison’s病)
糙甲(trachyonychia)
相关疾病:斑秃;
参考文献
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(本文仅作为科普及学术交流,增进了解,引起重视,有相关临床症状者,建议及时就医!!!)