甲病皮损表现:简要汇总!

文摘   2025-01-14 05:02   河南  

最近门诊接连分别遇到了甲扁平苔藓、甲银屑病、甲湿疹,为增进对甲病认知,现对甲病皮损表现及相关疾病作一简要汇总。

无甲(anonychia)

相关疾病:创伤、药物;

(卡马西平相关无甲)

凹甲(koilonychia)

相关疾病:贫血;

扁平甲(platonychia)

相关疾病:贫血

甲板变薄(thinning of the nail plate)

相关疾病:扁平苔藓、创伤;

脆甲(brittle nail)

相关疾病:脆甲综合征;

甲凹坑(Pitting)

相关疾病:银屑病、湿疹、斑秃、特应性皮炎、二期梅毒、寻常型天疱疮、白癜风;

(银屑病-甲凹坑)

甲纵脊(longitudinal ridging)

相关疾病:银屑病、扁平苔藓、甲沟炎、斑秃、寻常型天疱疮、结缔组织病;

(甲扁平苔藓)

甲横脊(transverse ridging)

相关疾病:特应性皮炎、海勒正中管状甲营养不良(亦称甲中线营养不良;Median Canaliform Dystrophy of Heller);

(海勒正中管状甲营养不良)

裂片状出血(splinter hemorrhage)

相关疾病:银屑病、Darier’s病、毛发红糠疹、缺血性心脏病、高血压、结缔组织病;

鲑鱼红斑(salmon patch)

相关疾病:银屑病;

纵向黑甲(longitudinal melanonychia)

相关疾病:扁平苔藓、药物、HIV、Addison’s病、特发性等(余见本号既往文章);

(齐多夫定相关纵向黑甲)

白甲(leukonychia)

相关疾病:斑秃、Darier’s病、特发性、外伤等(余见既往文章);

(外伤性点状白甲)

对半甲(half-and-half nail)

相关疾病:慢性肾衰竭;

三角形甲半月(triangular lunula)

相关疾病:湿疹;

红色甲半月(red lunula)

相关疾病:斑秃、结缔组织病、扁平苔藓;

(甲扁平苔藓)

Mee’s线(mee’s line)

相关疾病:慢性肾衰竭;

Beau’s线(Beau’s line)

相关疾病:银屑病、扁平苔藓、药物、二期梅毒、寻常型天疱疮;

(顺铂相关Beau’s线)

脱甲症(onychomadesis)

相关疾病:斑秃、药物、寻常型天疱疮、大疱性表皮松解症、糖尿病;

(手足口病相关脱甲症)

断甲(Onychoschisis)

相关疾病:外伤;

甲剥离(onycholysis)

相关疾病:银屑病、甲沟炎、湿疹、寻常型天疱疮、毛发红糠疹、药物性、麻风、二期梅毒;

甲翼状胬肉(pterygium nail)

相关疾病:扁平苔藓;

甲刻痕(nicking)

相关疾病:Darier’s病;

(Darier’s病V形甲刻痕)

甲营养不良(onychodystrophy)

相关疾病:甲真菌病、银屑病、扁平苔藓、甲沟炎、湿疹、药物、大疱性表皮松解症、先天性厚甲;

(卡泊相关甲营养不良)

(先天性厚甲)

甲状角化病(onychogryphosis)

相关疾病:外伤、糖尿病;

甲下角化过度(subungual hyperkeratosis)

相关疾病:银屑病、扁平苔藓、厚甲、湿疹、特应性皮炎、寻常型天疱疮、Darier’s病、毛发红糠疹;

甲皱襞红斑(nailfold erythema)

相关疾病:甲真菌病、结缔组织病;

甲皱襞毛细血管扩张(nailfold telangiectasia)

相关疾病:结缔组织病;

甲皱襞炎症(nailfold inflammation)

相关疾病:甲沟炎、寻常型天疱疮;

甲小皮缺失(absent cuticle)

相关疾病:甲沟炎;

钳甲(pincer nail)

相关疾病:外伤;

嵌甲(ingrown nail)

相关疾病:外伤;

杵状甲(clubbing)

相关疾病:COPD、特发性、结缔组织病、麻风;

(先天性杵状甲)

网球拍状甲(racquet nail)

相关疾病:特发性;

甲横沟(transverse groove)

相关疾病:银屑病、甲沟炎;

甲小皮参差(ragged cuticle)

相关疾病:结缔组织病(系统性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮、皮肌炎);

巨大甲半月(macrolunula)

相关疾病:习惯性抽搐(habit tic)、海勒正中管状甲营养不良、外伤;

(外伤性巨大甲半月)

甲板变色(nail plate discoloration)

相关疾病:甲真菌病、银屑病、甲沟炎、湿疹、寻常型天疱疮、Darier’s病、先天性厚甲、毛发红糠疹、Addison’s病、白癜风。

(甲真菌病)

(Addison’s病)

糙甲(trachyonychia)

相关疾病:斑秃;

参考文献

[1] A Alghamdi, N Mazraani, Y Alghamdi, et al. Onychomadesis and Beau's Line Following Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in a Seven-Year-Old Male. Cureus 2022; 14: e23832.

[2] P Basu,P R Cohen. Macrolunula: Case Reports of Patients with Trauma-associated Enlarged Lunula and a Concise Review of this Nail Finding. Cureus 2018; 10: e2998.

[3] C Grover, A Singal,S N Bhattacharya. Pterygium Complicating Nail Psoriasis and Trachyonychia: Is It Rare? Skin Appendage Disord 2021; 7: 298-305.

[4] M K Gupta,S R Lipner. Review of Nail Lichen Planus: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Dermatol Clin 2021; 39: 221-230.

[5] D Hexsel, V Zague, M Schunck, et al. Oral supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides improves nail growth and reduces symptoms of brittle nails. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 16: 520-526.

[6] M Iorizzo, M Starace,M C Pasch. Leukonychia: What Can White Nails Tell Us? Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23: 177-193.

[7] I Kaur,D Jakhar. Intraoperative onychoscopy and histopathological correlation of red lunula in nail lichen planus: a case series. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45: 884-887.

[8] A R Li, K B Hashemi, K Silver, et al. Ragged cuticles and erythematous hands and feet in a pediatric patient with chronic diarrhea. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 22: 18-20.

[9] J A Moreno-Romero,R Grimalt. Nail Pitting in Psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2018; 379: e39.

[10] M Satasia,A H Sutaria. Nail Whispers Revealing Dermatological and Systemic Secrets: An Analysis of Nail Disorders Associated With Diverse Dermatological and Systemic Conditions. Cureus 2023; 15: e45007.

[11] K Yamanaka,M Kondo. Psoriatic transversal nail grooves on biologics. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9: e04606.

[12] N Zaias, S X Escovar,M N Zaiac. Finger and toenail onycholysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29: 848-853.

(本文仅作为科普及学术交流,增进了解,引起重视,有相关临床症状者,建议及时就医!!!)

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