中国天疱疮诊疗指南(2024版)
中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会
中华医学会皮肤性病学分会治疗学组
中国医疗保健国际交流促进会皮肤医学分会
国家皮肤与免疫疾病临床医学研究中心
中国罕见病联盟皮肤罕见病专业委员会
通信作者:晋红中,Email:jinhongzhong@263.net;王刚,Email:xjwgang@fmmu.edu.cn
【引用本文】 中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会,中华医学会皮肤性病学分会治疗学组,中国医疗保健国际交流促进会皮肤医学分会,等. 中国天疱疮诊疗指南(2024版)[J].中华皮肤科杂志,2024, 57(10):873-886. doi:10.35541/cjd.20240222
Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus in China (2024)
China Dermatologist Association; Treatment Group, Chinese Society of Dermatology; Dermatology Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases; Rare Skin Diseases Committee, China Alliance for Rare Diseases
Corresponding authors: Jin Hongzhong, Email: jinhongzhong@263.net; Wang Gang, Email: xjwgang@fmmu.edu.cn
天疱疮是一组少见而严重的自身免疫性大疱性疾病,以皮肤和/或黏膜的水疱、大疱、糜烂为主要临床表现,部分可危及生命。天疱疮的主要发病机制为B细胞产生自身抗体,抗体与表皮和/或黏膜上皮细胞表面的抗原结合,引起表皮和/或黏膜上皮内棘层松解、细胞间黏附功能丧失和水疱形成[1]。天疱疮抗体主要包括抗桥粒芯糖蛋白1(desmoglein 1,Dsg1)和抗桥粒芯糖蛋白3(desmoglein 3,Dsg3)抗体,部分天疱疮患者的血清中还可以检测到其他自身抗体。寻常型天疱疮和落叶型天疱疮是天疱疮最常见的两种类型[2],增殖型是寻常型的变异型,红斑型是落叶型的变异型,此外,还有IgA天疱疮、疱疹样天疱疮、药物性天疱疮、副肿瘤性天疱疮等特殊类型。天疱疮发病年龄高峰为40 ~ 60岁,男女比约为1∶1.1[3]。国外报告天疱疮的年发病率为(0.6 ~ 10)/100万[2],国内天疱疮的发病率尚不明确。2023年9月,国家卫生健康委等6部门联合制定了《第二批罕见病目录》,将天疱疮纳入其中[4]。
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寻常型和落叶型天疱疮诊断的项目详见表1。
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注:PDAI,天疱疮疾病面积指数;Dsg,桥粒芯糖蛋白;IVIG,静脉输注免疫球蛋白;ELISA,酶联免疫吸附试验;IIF,间接免疫荧光
图1 天疱疮治疗流程图
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本指南的内容仅代表参与制订的专家对天疱疮诊断和治疗的指导意见,供临床医师参考。尽管专家们进行了广泛的意见征询和讨论,但仍有一定的局限性。天疱疮的治疗需遵循个体化原则,本指南所提供的建议并非强制性意见,与本指南不一致的做法并不意味着错误或不当。临床实践中仍存在诸多问题需要探索,正在进行和未来开展的临床研究将提供进一步的证据。随着临床经验的积累和治疗手段的涌现,未来需要对本指南定期修订、更新,为天疱疮患者带来更多临床获益。
晋红中(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)、王刚(空军军医大学西京皮肤医院)、高兴华(中国医科大学附属第一医院皮肤性病科)、陆前进(中国医学科学院皮肤病医院)、张福仁(山东第一医科大学附属皮肤病医院),潘萌(上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院皮肤科)、左亚刚(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科),陈耀龙(中国医学科学院循证评价与指南研究创新单元 兰州大学基础医学院)
陈爱军(重庆医科大学附属第一医院皮肤科)、陈丽萌(中国医学科学院北京协和医院肾内科)、陈伟(中国医学科学院北京协和医院临床营养科)、崔勇(中日友好医院皮肤科)、党宁宁(山东省立医院皮肤科)、高兴华(中国医科大学附属第一医院皮肤性病科)、郭春岚(中国医学科学院北京协和医院口腔科)、纪超(福建医科大学附属第一医院皮肤科)、蒋献(四川大学华西医院皮肤性病科)、晋红中(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)、康晓静(新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院皮肤性病科)、李丽(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)、李玉叶(昆明医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科)、刘晓明(华中科技大学协和深圳医院皮肤科)、鲁严(南京医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科)、陆前进(中国医学科学院皮肤病医院)、潘萌(上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院皮肤科)、孙青(山东大学齐鲁医院皮肤科)、陶娟(华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院皮肤性病科)、王刚(空军军医大学西京皮肤医院)、王再兴(安徽医科大学第一附属医院皮肤性病科)、吴文育(复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤科)、肖嵘(中南大学湘雅二医院皮肤科)、肖汀(中国医科大学附属第一医院皮肤性病科)、肖新华(中国医学科学院北京协和医院内分泌科)、杨斌(南方医科大学皮肤病医院)、张福仁(山东第一医科大学附属皮肤病医院)、张翰林(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)、左亚刚(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)
刘辉(兰州大学基础医学院循证医学中心)、贺洪峰(兰州大学公共卫生学院)
卢心怡(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)、张钰乔(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)、张翰林(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)、唐珂韵(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)
卢心怡(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)、张钰乔(中国医学科学院北京协和医院皮肤科)
李薇(四川大学华西医院皮肤性病科)、栗玉珍(哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院皮肤性病科)、王亮春(中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院皮肤科)
张翰林、左亚刚、晋红中
所有作者均声明无利益冲突。本指南的制订未接受任何企业的赞助
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