泉州花灯
Quanzhou Lantern
泉州花灯的历史源远流长，起源于唐代，兴盛于宋元，延续至今。它不仅是一种美观的装饰品，还承载着丰富的文化内涵和历史意义。
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The history of Quanzhou lanterns dates back to ancient times, originating from the Tang Dynasty and flourishing during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and has continued to this day. It is not only a beautiful decoration, but also carries rich cultural connotations and historical significance.
#01
·· History ··
历史
泉州花灯起于唐代，盛于宋元，主要分布在泉州市鲤城区、丰泽区，延及周边的晋江市、惠安县、南安县和永春县。泉州花灯历史悠久，具有鲜明的地方特色，是南方花灯的代表。泉州花灯以其独有的刻纸、针刺工艺和料丝镶装技艺闻名于世。
Quanzhou lanterns originated in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. They are mainly distributed in Licheng District and Fengze District of Quanzhou City, and extend to surrounding Jinjiang City, Huian County, Nan'an County, and Yongchun County. Quanzhou lanterns have a long history and distinct local characteristics, and are representative of southern lanterns. Quanzhou lanterns are renowned for their unique paper carving, needle punching techniques, and silk inlay skills.
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Quanzhou Lantern
2006年5月20日，福建省泉州市申报的灯彩（泉州花灯）经中华人民共和国国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，遗产编号：Ⅶ-50。
On May 20, 2006, the lantern (Quanzhou Flower Lantern) declared by Quanzhou City, Fujian Province was approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China and included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, with the heritage number of VII-50.
Quanzhou Lantern
明代中后期，泉州花灯的工艺达到了较高的艺术水平，而且在质量上也呈现出前所未有的保证。造型工艺的主要材料不仅能够以纸制品代替，还诞生了一些精湛绝伦的技艺。例如：可以将玻璃拉成细丝的“玻璃料丝”工艺；能够变幻闪耀的“五色纸”工艺；以稻草为材料的“草灯工艺”等。
In the mid to late Ming Dynasty, the craftsmanship of Quanzhou lanterns reached a high artistic level, and the quality also showed unprecedented guarantees. The main materials used in the shaping process can not only be replaced by paper products, but also give birth to some exquisite and unparalleled skills. For example, the "glass fiber" process can be used to pull glass into fine filaments; The craft of "five colored paper" that can change and shine; The "Grass Lamp Craft" using straw as the material.
Quanzhou Lantern
Quanzhou Lantern
Quanzhou Lantern
#02
··Cultural characteristics··
文化特征
泉州花灯从装饰功能上分，有座灯、挂灯、水灯、提灯四种。座灯体积庞大、气势宏伟、灯光明亮，有的更集光、声、电动于一体，远观近看皆宜，如鳌灯、山水花草灯和亭台楼阁灯。挂灯做工精细、色彩鲜艳、图案优美、形态多姿。针刺无骨灯和刻纸料丝灯多属挂灯。水灯制作时采用防水材料，灯光明亮，造型美观。水灯安放在水面上，水中倒影光彩流漓。提灯，即元宵夜小孩子上街提的孩儿灯，多为十二生肖式样，妙趣横生，意在送出美好祝福。
Quanzhou lanterns can be divided into four types based on their decorative functions: seat lanterns, hanging lanterns, water lanterns, and carrying lanterns. Seat lamps have a large volume, magnificent momentum, and bright lighting. Some even integrate light, sound, and electricity, making them suitable for both distant and close viewing, such as Aodeng, Shanshui Flower Lamp, and Pavilion Lamp. The hanging lamp has exquisite workmanship, bright colors, beautiful patterns, and diverse forms. Needle punched boneless lamps and engraved paper filament lamps are mostly hanging lamps. Waterproof materials are used in the production of water lamps, which provide bright lighting and beautiful appearance. The water lamp is placed on the surface of the water, reflecting a brilliant light in the water. Lanterns, that is, children's lanterns on the street on Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) night, are mostly in the shape of the Chinese zodiac, full of fun, intended to send good wishes.
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Quanzhou Lantern
泉州花灯从制作工艺上分，主要有彩扎灯、针刺无骨灯、刻纸料丝灯三类。制作彩扎灯时，人们先用纸捻将竹篾绑扎成灯的骨架，再把裁好的纸或绸布喷水绷粘在骨架上，然后贴上花边，描上图案，挂上丝穗，便成了彩扎灯。针刺无骨灯通风透气，透光性强，不易发热，光源从针孔中透出，显得玲珑剔透。刻纸料丝灯不仅造型多样，品种繁多，还囊括了骨架灯和针刺灯的形式，形成品种、样式的丰富性特征。
Quanzhou lanterns can be divided into three categories based on their production techniques: colored tied lanterns, needle punched boneless lanterns, and engraved paper filament lanterns. When making colorful lanterns, people first use paper to twist bamboo strips and tie them into the skeleton of the lantern. Then, they spray water onto the cut paper or silk cloth and stick it to the skeleton. Finally, they attach lace, draw patterns, and hang silk tassels to make the colorful lantern. The needle punched boneless lamp is ventilated and breathable, with strong translucency and low heat generation. The light source shines through the pinhole, appearing delicate and transparent. The engraved paper filament lamp not only has diverse shapes and varieties, but also includes the forms of skeleton lamps and needle punched lamps, forming a rich feature of varieties and styles.
#03
·· Inheritance value··
传承价值
泉州花灯具有悠久的历史和灿烂的文化，是中国南派花灯工艺的代表，在民族传统工艺上占有重要的地位和意义。其工艺的精湛和文化内涵的丰富，能够体现其优秀的传承和工艺积累。其通过花灯工艺演变在文化历史的传承中记录着优秀的民族工艺发展史，是民族文化中不可或缺的优秀内容，也是传统工艺中重要的智慧浓缩。
Quanzhou lanterns have a long history and splendid culture, and are representative of the Southern style lantern craftsmanship in China, occupying an important position and significance in traditional ethnic crafts. The exquisite craftsmanship and rich cultural connotations reflect its excellent inheritance and accumulation of craftsmanship. Through the evolution of lantern craftsmanship, it records the excellent development history of ethnic crafts in the inheritance of cultural history. It is an indispensable and excellent content in ethnic culture, as well as an important concentration of wisdom in traditional crafts.
Quanzhou Lantern
Quanzhou Lantern
Quanzhou Lantern
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