酥油花是一种用酥油（黄油）塑形像物的特殊技艺，
为“塔尔寺三绝”（酥油花、壁画、堆绣）之一。
酥油花最早产生于西藏苯教，
是施食供品上的小小贴花。
Butter pudding is a special technique of shaping objects with butter,
It is one of the "Three Wonders of Kumbum Monastery" (butter, murals and embroidery).
Butter cakes originated from the Bon religion in Xizang,
It's a small sticker on the food supply.
一架酥油花，从整体来看，亭台楼阁数十座，
人物、走兽动辄以百计，大至一两米的菩萨金刚、
小至十数毫米的花鸟鱼虫无所不备，
浮雕与圆雕结合，人物与景物结合，
佛界与凡间结合，动态与静态结合，
时空分而不断，物象繁而不乱，
色彩缤纷，浑然一体。
A puff pastry, when viewed as a whole, has dozens of pavilions and towers,
Characters and beasts are often numerous, ranging in size from one or two meters to Bodhisattva Vajra
Flowers, birds, fish, and insects as small as ten millimetres are omnipresent,
The combination of relief and sculpture, the combination of characters and scenery,
The combination of the Buddha realm and the mortal world, the combination of dynamic and static,
Time and space are constantly divided, and objects are abundant but not chaotic,
Colourful and seamlessly integrated.
—
HISTORY
历史背景
▷▷01
酥油花最早产生于西藏苯教，
最初是施食供品上的小小贴花。
另有传说称，641年文成公主进藏时，
带去一尊释迦牟尼12岁等身像并将其供奉于拉萨的大昭寺，吐蕃人民用酥油做成花供献于佛前，
以示崇敬之心。
Butter cakes originated from the Bon religion in Xizang,
Initially, it was a small sticker on food offerings.
Another legend states that in 641 when Princess Wencheng entered Tibet,
Bring a 12-year-old statue of Shakyamuni Buddha and offer it to the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa. The Tibetan people use butter to make flowers and offer them to the Buddha,
To show reverence.
此后，各藏传佛教寺院相继使用酥油花，
并将其视为礼佛珍品。
1409年，
宗喀巴大师首次在拉萨大昭寺发起祈愿大法会时，
组织制作了大型立体人物群像的酥油花供奉于佛前。
此后，
酥油花传入宗喀巴大师的诞生地塔尔寺，
并在此相沿成习。
Afterwards, various Tibetan Buddhist temples successively used butter pudding,
And regard it as a precious treasure for worshipping Buddha.
In 1409,
When Master Tsongkhapa first initiated a prayer ceremony at the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa,
The organisation created a large-scale, three-dimensional portrait of butter flowers and enshrined them in front of the Buddha.
thereafter,
Butter butter was introduced into Kumbum Monastery, the birthplace of Master Zongkaba,
And we will learn from each other here.
Cultural characteristics
文化特征
02◁◁
塔尔寺酥油花以洁白细腻的酥油为原料，
调入各种矿物质颜料制成。
其造型精妙，丽彩柔嫩，花色品种层出不穷，
充满吉祥喜庆的视效。
酥油花艺术继承藏传佛教艺术“精”、“繁”、“巧”的特点，其设计、制作自古是师徒口手相传，
一般都在封闭的环境里精心制作。
Kumbum Monastery Butter Flour is made of white and delicate butter,
Made by adding various mineral pigments.
Its shape is exquisite, the colours are soft and tender, and there are endless varieties of colours,
Full of auspicious and festive visual effects.
The art of butter pudding inherits the characteristics of "refinement," "complexity," and "ingenuity" of Tibetan Buddhist art. Its design and production have been passed down from master to disciple since ancient times,
It is usually carefully crafted in a closed environment.
酥油花虽名曰“花”，但其题材多样，
内容丰富，主要以佛祖神仙、菩萨金刚、飞禽走兽、
花鸟鱼虫、山林树木、花卉盆景组成各种故事情节，
形成完整的立体画面。
一架酥油花，从整体来看，亭台楼阁数十座，
人物、走兽动辄以百计，
大至一两米的菩萨金刚、
小至十数毫米的花鸟鱼虫无所不备，
浮雕与圆雕结合，人物与景物结合，
佛界与凡间结合，动态与静态结合，
时空分而不断，物象繁而不乱，
色彩缤纷，浑然一体。
Although butter flowers are called "flowers", their themes are diverse,
Rich in content, mainly featuring Buddha deities, Bodhisattvas, Vajras, birds and beasts
Various storylines are composed of flowers, birds, fish, insects, forests, trees, and potted plants,
Create a complete three-dimensional image.
A puff pastry, when viewed as a whole, has dozens of pavilions and towers,
Characters and beasts often come up with hundreds of tricks,
Bodhisattva Vajra, up to one or two meters in size
Flowers, birds, fish, and insects as small as ten millimetres are omnipresent,
The combination of relief and sculpture, the combination of characters and scenery,
The combination of the Buddha realm and the mortal world, the combination of dynamic and static,
Time and space are constantly divided, and objects are abundant but not chaotic,
Colourful and seamlessly integrated.
AUTUMN
PRODUCTION PROCESS
制作工序
▷▷ 03
塔尔寺酥油花的制作有一套完整的机构和科学程序。
寺里设有两个专门制作酥油花的机构，
一个叫“杰宗曾扎”，
一个叫“贡茫曾扎”，俗称“上花院”和“下花院”。
这两个花院相互竞争，
每院有艺僧二十人左右，
这些艺僧一般在十五六岁入院，
终身从艺。
酥油花的制作分扎骨架、制胎、敷塑、描金束形、
上盘、开光六道工序。
Kumbum Monastery has a complete set of institutions and scientific procedures for making butter cakes.
Two specialised institutions in the temple make butter pudding,
One named 'Jiezong Zengzha',
One is called 'Gongmangzengzha', commonly known as' Shanghuayuan 'and' Xiahuayuan '.
These two flower gardens compete with each other,
There are about twenty artistic monks in each courtyard,
These art monks are usually admitted to the hospital at the age of fifteen or sixteen,
A lifetime career in art.
The production of butter pudding involves tying the skeleton, making the tyre, applying plastic, and drawing gold bundles.
Six processes of plating and polishing.
制作过程中，
僧侣们须沐浴发愿进行佛事仪式，
然后精心构思和策划整个立体布局，
接着分工合作，交由擅长建筑、景物、
动物和人物等不同造型的掌尺带领各自的徒弟在气温摄氏零度以下的房间分头工作。
为避免工艺僧侣的体温对酥油花的影响，
他们在搓捏膏状的酥油时，
事先要将自己的手浸泡在刺骨的冰水之中。
During the production process,
Monks must bathe and make vows to perform Buddhist rituals,
Then, carefully conceive and plan the entire three-dimensional layout,
Then, divide the work and collaborate, handing over expertise in architecture and scenery
Animals and characters with different shapes of rulers lead their disciples to work separately in rooms with temperatures below zero degrees Celsius.
To avoid the influence of the body temperature of craft monks on butter pudding,
When they were kneading the creamy butter,
Soak your hands in bone-chilling ice water beforehand.
Exhibition and Inheritance
展示与传承
04◁◁
酥油花的展示为一年一次，即每年农历正月十五日晚，从天黑至天亮这段时间。
塔尔寺设有“上花院”和“下花院”两个专
门制作酥油花的机构，每年正月十五日，皓月升起，
华灯初放，
塔尔寺便迎来了一年一度的元宵酥油花灯节，
人们做花、赏花，祈求吉祥平安，
几百年来从未中止。
酥油花分两个地方固定展示，
在大经堂的上下两处分别设立大型花架，
届时两朵“鲜花”同时绽放。按传统的作法，
待酥油花展示完毕，在天亮之时全部撤离，
现场不留痕迹，酥油花也同时被毁，
形成昙花一现、神秘莫测的感觉。
不过，在塔尔寺也有专门殿堂长年展出酥油花，
供人们观赏。
The display of butter pudding is once a year, on the evening of the 15th day of the first lunar month, from dusk to dawn.
Kumbum Monastery has two special schools, namely, "Upper Flower Yard" and "Lower Flower Yard"
The institution that produces butter flowers, on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year, the bright moon rises,
At the beginning of the lantern display,
Kumbum Monastery ushered in the annual Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice flour for Lantern Festival),
People make and appreciate flowers, praying for good luck and peace,
It has never stopped for hundreds of years.
The butter pudding is displayed in two fixed locations,
Set up large flower stands in the upper and lower parts of the Great Scripture Hall,
At that time, two 'flowers' will bloom simultaneously. According to traditional practice,
After the display of butter pudding is completed, evacuate all at dawn,
There were no traces left on the scene, and the butter pudding was also destroyed at the same time,
Create a fleeting and mysterious feeling.
However, there is also a special hall in Kumbum Monastery that has been displaying butter flowers for years,
For people to enjoy.
塔尔寺酥油花制作技艺的主要传承人有扎西尼玛、
罗藏龙珠、尕藏加措、加阳谢热、智华若子等。
然而，
酥油花作品极易变形，无法长期保存，
这使传统技艺在传承中不容易得到固定的范本。
因此，
应进一步加大对酥油花制作技艺的保护力度，
使这一富于特色的民族手工艺长久存留于世间。
The main inheritors of Kumbum Monastery's butter-making technique are Zacinima.
Luozang Dragon Ball, Gazang Jiacuo, Jiayang Xiere, Zhihua Ruozi, etc.
However,
The butter pudding works are easily deformed and cannot be stored for a long time,
This makes it difficult for traditional skills to obtain fixed templates in inheritance.
Therefore,
Further efforts should be made to protect the production techniques of butter pudding,
To make this distinctive ethnic handicraft survive in the world for a long time.
AUTUMN
SIGNIFICANCE
意义
04◁◁
塔尔寺酥油花不仅是藏传佛教艺术中的一朵奇葩，
也是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分。
它以其独特的艺术魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，
吸引了无数游客和信徒前来观赏和朝拜。
同时，
酥油花艺术也承载着藏族人民的宗教信仰、
文化传承和审美追求，
具有重要的历史、文化和艺术价值。
Kumbum Monastery Butter Butter is not only a wonderful flower in Tibetan Buddhist art,
It is also an important component of traditional Chinese culture.
With its unique artistic charm and profound cultural heritage,
Attracted countless tourists and believers to come and observe and worship.
Meanwhile,
The art of butter pudding also carries the religious beliefs of the Tibetan people.
Cultural inheritance and aesthetic pursuit,
Has significant historical, cultural, and artistic value.
塔尔寺酥油花是一项具有深厚历史渊源、
独特文化特征和精湛制作技艺的民间传统美术。
它不仅展示了藏族人民的宗教信仰和文化传承，
也体现了中华民族传统文化的博大精深和独特魅力。
Kumbum Monastery Butter Butter Flour is an item with profound historical origins.
Folk traditional art with unique cultural characteristics and exquisite production techniques.
It not only showcases the religious beliefs and cultural heritage of the Tibetan people,
It also reflects the profound and unique charm of traditional Chinese culture.
—
内容策划 Presented
＋
策划 Producer | Kam
排版 Editor | Kam
校对 Proof | Eve
审核 Reviewer | Eve
图片版权 Copyright | 网络
TD Factory
探索不同传统手工艺术
找寻国内外优秀趣味设计
内容纯属原创编排，请勿抄袭，感谢
工艺图片如有侵权请后台告知我们，我们会立刻解决
欢迎非遗传承人联系我们进行推广与学习.
合作请联系后台，看到消息后我们会第一时间回复您.
—END—
