骨木镶嵌 | 非物质文化遗产

文摘   2024-12-22 21:23   马来西亚  




骨木镶嵌

 



骨木镶嵌源自鄞州,在当地有一句古话“雕雕嵌嵌,同师傅下山”这句说明了骨木镶嵌技艺与木雕原来是同一师傅出山,基本技艺相同。


Bone wood inlay originated from Yinzhou, and there is an ancient saying in the local area, "carving and carving inlay, going down the mountain with the master".It shows that the bone wood inlay technique and wood carving were originally the same masters out of the mountain, and the basic skills are the same.






          文化 历史

 Cultural History



追溯鄞州的骨木镶嵌历史,还得从浙东河姆渡文化说起。浙东的沿海丘陵又是江南水乡,气温潮湿和受东南季风的影响,数千年来,木结构建筑、漆器、木雕、骨制品的遗存十分丰富,鄞东鄞西的古遗址和古墓出土器物,证实鄞州稻作文化和手工技艺的雏型。

Tracing the history of bone wood inlay in Yinzhou, we must start with the Hemudu culture in eastern Zhejiang. The coastal hills of eastern Zhejiang are the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River again, the temperature is humid and affected by the southeast monsoon, for thousands of years, the remains of wooden structure buildings, lacquerware, wood carvings, bone products are vibrant, the ancient ruins and ancient tombs of Yindong and Yinxi unearthed artefacts, which confirm the rudiments of Yinzhou rice culture and handicrafts.

到了宋明时代的室内陈设在浙东,由于发达的海运,大批南国木材进口,著名的“明式家具”或延续至“清式家具”,镶嵌技艺与雕刻技艺如日月同辉。今展览陈列于宁波博物馆的骨木、象牙嵌作品,无论是高嵌、平嵌还是混合嵌,都可觅见明清时代骨木嵌镶工艺的风貌,这批展品可谓国内之特有。


In the Song and Ming dynasties, the interior furnishings were in eastern Zhejiang due to the developed shipping, a large number of southern timber imports, the famous "Ming-style furniture" or continued to the "Qing-style furniture", and the inlay skills and carving skills were as bright as the sun and the moon. The bone wood and ivory inlay works displayed in the Ningbo Museum in this exhibition, whether they are high inlay, flat inlay or mixed inlay, can be found in the style of bone wood inlay technology in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and this batch of exhibits can be described as unique in China.





骨木镶嵌







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制作工艺 Production process

骨木镶嵌以象牙、红木、牛骨、螺钿、铜片、腊石、花梨木、黄杨木等为原料,在木匠制作的家具坯架上起槽后,嵌以各类饰纹,再经雕刻、打磨、鞣漆,是一种能起到装饰、美化作用的传统工艺。一般分为高嵌、平嵌、混合嵌三种。

Bone wood inlay with ivory, mahogany, cow bone, luodian, copper sheet, wax stone, rosewood, boxwood, etc. as raw materials, after the furniture blank made by the carpenter is grooved, embedded with various ornaments, and then carved, polished, tanned lacquer, is a traditional craft that can play a decorative and beautifying role. Generally, there are three types: high embedding, flat embedding, and mixed embedding.

将骨质材料放入硝镪水内进行防腐处理,经高温消毒后清洗、漂白。

The bone material is put into nitrate water for antiseptic treatment and then cleaned and bleached after high-temperature disinfection.

用凿子、快刀等工具将骨质材料加工成片状,待用。

Use chisels, quick knives and other tools to process the bone material into flakes and set aside.

根据构图,用雕刀在待嵌的家具坯架上,雕刻山水、花草、人物、动物作为底槽。

According to the composition, use a carving knife to carve landscapes, flowers, people, and animals as the bottom groove on the furniture's blank frame to be embedded.

将骨质材料按木质底板的图样,加工成形。

The bone material is processed and shaped according to the pattern of the wooden bottom plate.

鱼胶化后涂于水质底槽内,趁热将精心加工好的骨质材料按序嵌入。

After the fish gelatinises, it is coated in the bottom tank of water quality, and the carefully processed bone material is embedded in order while it is hot
用刮刀修正镶嵌面,使其平整光滑。

Correct the mount with a spatula to make it smooth and smooth.

鞣漆。

Japanning.





Bone wood inlay

骨木镶嵌

Traditionalintangible

 cultural heritage

 非遗传统



价值与传承

Values & Heritage

骨木镶嵌,不仅仅是流通于市场上的商品,更是一种艺术,将曼妙、细腻、惟美、豪迈融入一件件作品之中。如果说同为宁波非物质文化遗产的朱金漆木雕、泥金彩漆以其富丽堂皇、华美炫目将人虏获,那么骨木镶嵌则是以典雅隽永深入人心。骨木镶嵌作品虽然好看,可活难学:画底稿、锯图案、凿木、镶嵌、拼接、拉刀筋,每一道工序都不得有一点点的含糊。这不仅要有扎实的美术功底,更要有耐心和韧性


Bone wood inlay is not only a commodity circulating in the market but also an art which integrates grace, delicacy, beauty and heroism into each work. If the Zhujin lacquer wood carving and lacquer, which are also the intangible cultural heritage of Ningbo, capture people with their magnificence and dazzlingness, then the bone wood inlay is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people with elegance and eternity. Although the bone wood inlay works are beautiful, they can be difficult to learn: painting the base, sawing patterns, chiselling wood, inlaying, splicing, broaching tendons and each process must not be a little ambiguous. This requires not only solid art skills but also patience and resilience.


如今,人们开始重新去品鉴它的审美价值,2008年,被列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录。醇香木调和牙白骨骼再次双向奔赴,与许多经典的中式家具一起,走入寻找百姓家。风流总被雨打风吹去,骨木镶嵌却没有被岁月打败,也没有被历史掩埋,它带着木的温润和骨的坚持,正在这个时代中缓缓苏醒,向世人昭示着一代又一代民间艺人的工匠精神,折射着扎根山海的地域美学。


Nowadays, people are beginning to appreciate its aesthetic value again, and in 2008, it was included in the second batch of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection list. Mellow wood and tooth-white bones went in both directions again, together with many classic Chinese furniture, into the search for people's homes. The wind is always blown away by the rain and wind, but the bone wood inlay has not been defeated by the years, nor has it been buried by history, it has the warmth of the wood and the persistence of the bone, it is slowly awakening in this era, showing the world the craftsman spirit of generations of folk artists, reflecting the regional aesthetics rooted in the mountains and seas.



Traditional intangible cultural heritage

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Bone wood inlay

「骨木镶嵌」

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