“东山草编历史源远流长，可追溯至明清时期。彼时，东山岛民依海而生，渔业间隙，利用丰富的海草资源开启草编初探索。”
Dongshan Grass Weaving
东山草编
精美／古雅／独特
Dongshan Grass Weaving
发展历史
东山草编起初，简单编织些渔家实用物件，如草帽、草席，用于遮阳蔽雨、卧榻安睡，凭质朴手艺应对海岛生活需求，功能性为首，造型简约实用。
At first, Dongshan Grass Weaving was used to weave practical objects for fishermen, such as straw hats and mats, for shade from the sun and rain, and for sleeping on a bed. Simple craftsmanship met the needs of island life, with functionality as the top priority and simple and practical shapes.
清末民初，商贸渐兴，东山草编随船运流入沿海商埠，受外界多元文化启迪，样式渐变。加入彩线、布带装饰，从纯粹渔家用品向兼具审美工艺品转型，内陆订单增多，草编艺人队伍扩充，村落现小型工坊雏形，师徒传承悄然生根，传统技法融合新巧思，像海草与陆地麦秸混搭编织，拓展材质边界。
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, commerce and trade gradually flourished, and Dongshan grass weaving flowed into coastal commercial ports by sea. Inspired by the diverse cultures of the outside world, the style gradually changed. We have transformed from pure fishing household items to aesthetic handicrafts by adding colourful threads and cloth decorations. With an increase in inland orders and an expansion of the grass-weaving artist team, small workshops have taken shape in the village. The inheritance of traditional techniques has quietly taken root, and new ideas have been integrated, such as mixing seaweed and land wheat straw for weaving, expanding the boundaries of materials.
上世纪中叶，集体生产合作社蓬勃发展，草编成为东山重要副业。老手艺人悉心授艺，批量制作供应国内市场，融入集体创作智慧，花鸟鱼虫等复杂图案现于草编制品，出席广交会等盛会，国际舞台崭露头角，东欧、东南亚订单纷至沓来，掀起出口热潮，助力地方经济腾飞，文化传播声名远播。
In the mid-20th century, collective production cooperatives flourished, and grass weaving became an important sideline in Dongshan. Experienced artists carefully teach their skills, mass produce and supply the domestic market, integrate collective creative wisdom, and present complex patterns such as flowers, birds, fish, and insects in woven products. They attend major events such as the Canton Fair and make a name for themselves internationally. Orders from Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia flock in, sparking an export boom and helping local economies soar and cultural dissemination spread far and wide.
Dongshan Grass Weaving
东山草编
制作流程
1. 选材备料：海草是灵魂主材，趁退潮采割新鲜坚韧者，洗净晒干，防霉防虫；陆草则精选麦秸、蒲草，麦秸需脱粒后暴晒多日，通体金黄柔韧为佳，蒲草割取适龄段，水煮增韧。辅料有彩丝线、细竹篾，丝线色彩斑斓，依设计选色，竹篾刮削光滑，作骨架支撑。
1. Material selection and preparation: Seaweed is the main material of the soul. It is harvested fresh and tough during low tide, washed and dried to prevent mould and insects; Lu Cao selects wheat straw and cattail carefully. The wheat straw must be threshed and exposed to sunlight for several days to achieve a golden and flexible appearance. The cattail is cut from the appropriate age range and boiled in water for toughening. The auxiliary materials include colourful silk threads and fine bamboo strips. The silk threads are colourful, and the colours are selected according to the design. The bamboo strips are scraped smooth and used as skeleton support.
2. 编织初型：依物件定技法，草帽从帽顶起编，以“螺旋编”打底，草茎交叉环绕，层层紧压；草篮多“经纬编”，竖向经草固定，横向纬草穿梭，凭手巧掌控疏密。匠人手指如灵动梭子，节奏明快，初型须臾立现，初具收纳盛载之态。
2. Initial weaving technique: The straw hat is woven from the top of the hat, with a "spiral weaving" as the base. The grass stems are crossed and wrapped tightly, layer by layer. Grass baskets are often woven with latitude and longitude, with vertical grass fixed and horizontal grass shuttling through them, allowing for skilful control of density. Craftsmen's fingers are like agile shuttles with a fast-paced rhythm. The initial shape appears in an instant, taking on the initial state of storage and carrying.
3. 装饰塑形：装饰是点睛笔，彩线绣编于表面，绣海浪纹、鱼鳞纹，灵动鲜活；或编结彩色草段成花饰、动物轮廓，镶嵌周边。塑形重细节打磨，帽檐弯折熨帖，篮把缠绕紧实，竹篾嵌入加固关键部位，赋予制品优雅曲线与稳固结构。
3. Decoration and shaping: Decoration is the finishing touch, with colourful threads embroidered on the surface, creating wave patterns and fish scale patterns that are lively and dynamic. Or weave colourful grass segments into flower decorations and animal outlines and embed them around the perimeter. Shaping with attention to detail, bending and smoothing the brim, tightly wrapping the basket handle, embedding bamboo strips to reinforce key areas, endowing the product with elegant curves and a stable structure.
4. 收尾润色：成品修剪杂毛碎草，砂纸轻磨粗糙处；施天然染料，棕、褐、黑渲染古朴色，或涂桐油增亮防腐，日光晾晒透彻，一件温润雅致草编大功告成，满溢海岛风情。
4. Final polishing: Trim miscellaneous hair and grass from the finished product and lightly sand rough areas with sandpaper. Applying natural dyes, rendering antique colours in brown, brown, and black, or applying tung oil to enhance brightness and prevent corrosion, drying thoroughly in sunlight, a warm and elegant straw weaving is completed, overflowing with island style.
鉴赏赏析
1. 材质天然之美：海草麦秸纹理独特，海草似海浪波纹蜿蜒，携海洋咸涩气息；麦秸光泽柔和，摩挲有沙沙轻响，仿若秋风吹拂麦浪余音。天然材质亲肤透气，触手温凉，夏日草帽不闷汗，冬日草垫暖融融，四季更迭，质感如初。
1. The natural beauty of the material: The unique texture of seagrass and wheat straw makes the seagrass ripple like waves, carrying the salty and astringent atmosphere of the ocean. The wheat straw has a soft lustre, with a rustling sound when rubbed, like the lingering sound of autumn wind blowing on wheat waves. Natural materials are skin-friendly and breathable, with warm and cool tentacles. The summer straw hat does not sweat, and the winter grass mat is warm and melting. With the changing seasons, the texture remains the same as before.
2. 工艺精巧之韵：编织纹路细密规整，衔接无缝，放大镜下可见匠人指尖功力，复杂花鸟造型栩栩如生，花瓣层次分明，鸟羽纤毫毕现；双色草交替编出立体光影，暗处深邃，亮处鲜活，逆光端详，浮雕感跃然眼前，叹为观止。
2. Exquisite craftsmanship: The weaving patterns are fine and neat, seamlessly connected, and the craftsmanship of the craftsman's fingertips can be seen under the magnifying glass. The complex flower and bird shapes are lifelike, with clear layers of petals and delicate feathers. Two-tone grass alternately weaves three-dimensional light and shadow with deep shadows and vivid highlights. When viewed against the light, the relief effect is vivid and breathtaking.
3. 文化表意之深：图案皆有渊源，漩涡纹凝缩海洋漩涡神秘力量，庇佑渔家平安；双鱼纹祈愿渔业丰收，连年有余；万字纹传递吉祥不断，融入世代海岛祈愿，穿戴使用间，文化如暖流润心田，传承不息。
3. The depth of cultural meaning: All patterns have origins, and vortex patterns condense the mysterious power of ocean eddies, protecting the safety of fishermen. Double fish pattern praying for a bountiful harvest in the fishing industry, with surplus year after year. The ten-thousand-character pattern conveys auspiciousness continuously, integrating into the wishes of generations on the island. When worn and used, culture is like a warm current that moistens the heart and fields and is passed down endlessly.
总结
东山草编是海岛文化结晶，岁月沉淀，从民生技艺向艺术瑰宝蝶变。它扎根生活，凭双手编织海岛日常，抵御风雨，装饰家舍；又借商贸之帆，跨地域播撒声名，成中外文化交流纽带。其传承模式多元，家庭熏陶、师徒相授延续火种，工坊量产汇聚合力。当下，虽遇机械制品冲击，然坚守手工本真，拥抱文创新潮，与现代设计跨界融合，开发灯具、饰品、软装新品类，登时尚秀场、入文创市集，重焕熠熠光彩，未来可期，必将续写海岛传奇，编织非遗绮梦长卷。
Dongshan grass weaving is a crystallisation of island culture, which has evolved from a folk craft to an artistic treasure. It takes root in life, weaving daily life on the island with its hands, resisting wind and rain, decorating homes, Borrowing the sail of commerce, spreading fame across regions and becoming a link of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries. Its inheritance model is diverse, with family upbringing, mentorship to continue the flame, and workshop mass production to gather strength. At present, despite the impact of mechanical products, we adhere to the authenticity of craftsmanship, embrace cultural and creative trends, integrate with modern design, develop new categories of lighting fixtures, accessories, and soft furnishings, enter fashion shows and cultural and creative markets, and shine again. The future is promising, and we will continue to write the legend of the island and weave a long scroll of intangible cultural heritage dreams.
不只是非遗，更是一种传承
Not only intangible cultural heritage but also a form of inheritance
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