Xi 'a Drum Music
西安鼓乐
西安鼓乐，流传于西安（古长安）及周边地区的传统音乐，人类非物质文化遗产代表作 。西安鼓乐源于唐代燕乐，之后又融入了宫廷音乐，安史之乱期间随宫廷乐师的流亡而流入民间。西安鼓乐至今仍然保持着相当完整的曲目、谱式、结构、乐器及演奏形式。西安鼓乐曲目丰富、内容广泛、调式风格多异、曲式结构复杂庞大，演奏形式有坐乐、行乐，其中还包括有套曲、散曲、歌章、念词等。
Xi 'a Drum music spread in Xi 'an (ancient Chang 'an) and the surrounding areas of traditional music, human intangible cultural heritage representative. Xi 'a drum music originated from Yan music in the Tang Dynasty, and then it was integrated into court music. During the Rebellion of An and Shi, it flowed into folk with the exile of court musicians. Xi, 'a Drum Music, still maintains a fairly complete repertoire, notation, structure, instruments and performance forms. Xi 'a drum music repertoire is rich; the content is extensive, the mode style is different, the structure of the form is complex and huge, and the performance forms are sitting music travel music, which also includes the routine, sank, song chapter, recitation and so on.
西安鼓乐起源于隋唐形成于明、清，20世纪20年代、30年代可以说是它的鼎盛时期，西安城乡内外鼓乐社不计其数，每年农历六月初一终南山南五台举行鼓乐盛会，各路鼓乐队云集一处，笙管齐鸣，连续三天，昼夜不停，盛况空前。
Xi 'a drum music originated in the Sui and Tang dynasties and formed in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the 1920s and 1930s, it can be said to be its heyday. There are countless drum clubs in Xi 'an, both in urban and rural areas. Every year, drum bands gather in one place on the first day of the sixth lunar month, and windpipes sing in unison.
西安鼓乐
Xi 'a Drum Music
PART ONE
西安鼓乐分为“坐乐”和“行乐”两种演奏形式。坐乐是室内音乐，坐乐大致可以分为城乡两种，城市坐乐编制约十二三人；农村坐乐有若干乐器调整，依条件而定。有些地方，在农村的坐乐中，吹奏乐器用到十几个以上，打击乐器更多，演奏者多达几十人，造成震撼人心、摇荡山岳的宏大音响，风格与城市坐乐迥然不同。
Xi 'a drum music is divided into "sitting music" and "travel music", two forms of performance. Sit-down music is indoor music; sit-down music can be roughly divided into urban and rural two kinds; urban sit-down music numbers about 12 people. Rural setting music has several instrument adjustments depending on the conditions. In some places, in rural sit-music, more than a dozen wind instruments are used, more percussion instruments, and as many as dozens of players, resulting in a grand sound that shocks and shakes the mountains, and the style is very different from that of urban sit-music.
行乐在行进中演奏，伴以彩旗、令旗、社旗、万民伞、高照斗子等，乐器用高把鼓、单面鼓等。用高把鼓的，风格温雅庄重；用单面鼓的，风格活泼悠扬。行乐有时还有歌词，内容与祈雨有关。
The music is played in the march, accompanied by coloured flags, Reing flags, social flags, people's umbrellas, Gao Zhao Dou, etc., the instrument uses high-handle drums, single-sided drums, etc. With the high handle of the drum, the wind Gwenya is solemn; With a single drum, the style is lively and melodious. Carpe diem sometimes has lyrics related to praying for rain.
PART TWO
演奏乐器
以竹笛为主奏乐器，吹奏乐器有笛、笙、管，击奏乐器有坐鼓、战鼓、乐鼓、独鼓及大铙、小铙、大钹、小钹、大锣、马锣、引锣、铰子、大梆子、手梆子等，有时还加上云锣。
The bamboo flute is the main playing instrument; wind instruments include flute, sheng and pipe; percussion instruments include sitting drum, war drum, music drum, solo drum and big cymbals, small cymbals, big cymbals, big gong, horse gong, lead gong, pin, big clapper, hand clapper, etc., sometimes coupled with cloud gong。
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PART THREE
Inheritance
传承发展
西安鼓乐保存了大量史传曲目名录中的鲜活曲谱，对被认为“无声的中国音乐史”有着难以估量的价值；西安鼓乐的曲体曲式结构原则和手法，对开启中国民族民间音乐结构难题、发扬民族优秀音乐传统、建立新的民族音乐体系有着有益的基础和借鉴的价值。
Xi, 'a Drum Music, has preserved a large number of fresh music scores in the historical repertoire list, which is of inestimable value to the "silent Chinese music history". The structure principle and technique of Xi 'a Drum music have a beneficial foundation and reference value for opening up the structural problem of Chinese national folk music, developing the excellent tradition of national music and establishing a new system of national music.
由于现代强势文化的侵蚀，原西安鼓乐赖以生存的民间人文环境如民间庙会等正在逐步消亡，其生存土壤正在消失，加之老艺人相继谢世，后继乏人，西安鼓乐濒临灭绝，亟待抢救和保护。
Due to the erosion of modern strong culture, the folk cultural environment on which Xi 'a Drum music relies for survival, such as folk temple fairs, is gradually disappearing, and the soil for its survival is disappearing. In addition, the old artists have died one after another, and there is no successor. Xi 'a Drum music is on the verge of extinction, which needs to be rescued and protected urgently.
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