老年患者,因“突发胸背部疼痛5小时”入院,CTA检查发现为Stanford A型主动脉夹层,双侧颈动脉夹层,主动脉窦受累,不除外右冠脉开口撕裂。
01
病史梳理
基本信息
老年男性,主诉“突发胸背部疼痛5小时”。
CTA检查
急性主动脉夹层(Stanford A型),双侧颈动脉夹层,主动脉窦受累,不除外右冠脉开口撕裂。
图1. CTA检查结果
入院诊断
02
患者治疗
03
患者转归
经积极治疗后,患者症状明显好转,整体恢复较好,取得理想预后。
04
治疗心得
讨论环节
吴龙教授:
目前,杂交技术在临床上得到了广泛应用,其具有无需体外循环、术后患者复苏较早等优势,能为患者带来更好预后。该案例所展示的手术策略相当巧妙,通过CUFF支架桥接LCCA与LSA,有效解决了单分支支架支撑力相对欠佳的问题,为临床开展相关工作提供了重要参考。值得一提的是,若术中选择尺寸过大的支架,可能会一定程度增加脊髓损伤风险,因此,建议遵循“宁小勿大”的原则选择支架尺寸。
高洋教授:
基于我院手术经验,Castor支架多用于夹层累及弓部、锁骨下动脉且术中存在组织游离、血管吻合困难的患者,可有效缩短手术时长。若需使用CUFF支架进行桥接,则应做好术前评估测量,并选择恰当的“oversize”策略,同时,人工血管需预留充足锚定区。
孙氏手术术后可能仍存在支架远端流出道不佳的问题,需要额外植入支架以改善管腔情况,而杂交技术的可选支架长度更长,能更好地覆盖主动脉远端,显著改善远端真腔的重塑。但需避免选择过长支架,且应预先做好术前患者沟通。此外,术中可以先给予激素药物和脑脊液穿刺引流,支架释放前,收缩压需降至100 mmHg以下,释放后,需立即恢复正常血压、提高灌注压。术后,应观察患者双下肢活动情况,若出现腿麻、无力等症状,需立即采取相应措施。
孙仕斌教授:
近年间,我国主动脉夹层发病率呈上升趋势,诊断阳性率也逐渐升高。为满足患者的救治需求,主动脉夹层外科领域迅速发展,外科术式逐渐增多,从介入治疗到外科治疗乃至地方特色术式,为术者和患者提供了更多选择。对于我国主动脉夹层患者,个人认为,可以在严格筛选适应证的前提下,优先考虑杂交技术。需强调的是,杂交技术术中应谨慎选择支架尺寸,以避免术后发生脊髓损伤等并发症。
END
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