Jiangsu Sandalwood Fan
江苏檀香扇
檀香扇，
特色手工艺品，
是苏州的一大特产，
用檀香木制成的各式折扇和其他形状的扇。
檀香木，又名旃檀，白者白檀，
皮腐色紫者紫檀，木质坚硬。
檀香木制成檀香扇具有天然香味，
用以扇风，清香四溢。
为中国四大名扇。
Sandalwood fan,
Featured handicrafts,
It is a major specialty of Suzhou,
Various folding fans and other shaped fans made of sandalwood.
Sandalwood, also known as Zantan or White Sandalwood,
Purple sandalwood with skin rot color and hard wood.
Sandalwood fans made of sandalwood have a natural fragrance,
Used for fanning, with a fragrant aroma overflowing.
For the four famous fans in China.
檀香扇由摺扇演化而来，
扇骨采用檀香木制成，
故名檀香扇。檀香木极香，
故一扇在手，香溢四座，
有“扇存香在”之誉，
盛暑可以却暑清心，入秋藏之筐中，
有香袭衣衫、防虫防蛀之功效，
保存十年八载，
依然“日日花香扇底生”。
Sandalwood fans evolved from folding fans,
The fan bone is made of sandalwood,
Named Sandalwood Fan. Sandalwood is extremely fragrant,
So one fan in hand, fragrance overflowing from four,
There is a reputation for the fragrance stored in the fan,
The scorching heat can clear the heart and enter the basket of autumn storage,
It has the effects of spreading fragrance on clothes, preventing insects and moths,
Preserved for ten or eight years,
Still blooming with the fragrance of flowers every day.
檀香扇的发展缘自对折扇的传承与创新，
即将折扇的扇骨局部
或全部选用檀香木制成，
因此得名。
The development of sandalwood fans stems from the inheritance and innovation of folding fans,
Partial fan bone that is about to be folded
Or all made of sandalwood,
Therefore named.
檀香
sandalwood
苏州檀香扇多选用
老山香和祁门香(印尼香)，
因其气味芬芳，
还具有防虫防蛀之功效，
故以檀香木为料所制之扇深受民众喜爱，
有“扇存香在”“扇中之王”之誉。
Suzhou sandalwood fans are commonly used
Lao Shan Xiang and Qi Men Xiang (Indonesian Xiang),
Due to its fragrant aroma,
It also has the effect of insect and moth prevention,
Therefore, fans made of sandalwood are deeply loved by the public,
He is known as the "king of fans" and "the fragrance stored in fans".
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发展与样式
Development and Style
苏州檀香扇发展至今，
因其为特种工艺美术，
故多以审美价值为重，
摆脱了“工艺扇”之实用功能，
成为纯观赏的艺术品。
Suzhou sandalwood fans have developed to this day,
As it is a special craft art,
Therefore, aesthetic value is often emphasized,
Get rid of the practical function of "craft fan",
Becoming a purely ornamental artwork.
扇骨外露比初时增多，
扇骨外露越多，
檀香之芬芳郁便越强烈。
除此之外，
苏州檀香扇制扇技艺也开创了各种独特的风格，
形式上还完成了由裱糊纸面、
装绢成面向缀片成面的转变，
甚至还开创了檀香宫扇的样式。
The number of exposed fan bones has increased compared to the initial stage,
The more exposed the fan bones are,
The fragrance of sandalwood becomes stronger.
besides,
The craftsmanship of making sandalwood fans in Suzhou has also created various unique styles,
Formally, it has also been completed by pasting paper
The transformation of the silk into a surface facing the patch into a surface,
Even pioneered the style of sandalwood palace fans.
有全用檀香木片制成，
以彩带或尼龙丝隐于扇骨间
做链接者称为“全面”;
扇面长度短于外露扇骨者称为“倒肩”或“倒扇”,
扇面由原先统一弧形幅面而
变为若干连续幅面者称 “格景”;
还有扇面占全扇一半，
而扇肩(处于扇头至扇面之间)
形似两端弯曲的胡笳者
称为“排 笳”等。
Made entirely of sandalwood wood chips,
Hidden between fan bones with ribbons or nylon threads
Linking is called 'comprehensive';
A fan with a length shorter than the exposed fan bones is called an "inverted shoulder" or "inverted fan",
The fan surface has changed from the original uniform arc-shaped format to
Transforming into several continuous formats is called "grid scenery";
The fan surface accounts for half of the entire fan,
And the fan shoulder (located between the fan head and the fan face)
A person resembling a Hu Jia with curved ends
It is called "Pai Jia" or similar.
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结构
structure
檀香摺扇一般是半圆形，
檀香宫扇有
长方型、圆型、龟型、圆角倒梯形等等。
其造型小巧玲珑，
扇骨扇边饰有花纹图案，
加工工艺主要有
拉花、烫花、书花、镶嵌四种。
扇面之画秀丽隽永，
艳而不俗。
Sandalwood folding fans are generally semi-circular in shape,
Sandalwood Palace Fan
Rectangular, circular, turtle shaped, rounded trapezoidal, and so on.
Its shape is small and exquisite,
The fan bones and edges are decorated with patterned patterns,
The main processing techniques include
There are four types: latte art, hot stamping, calligraphy, and inlay.
The painting of the fan is beautiful and timeless,
Beautiful and impressive.
选购檀香扇要诀：
一要闻香，
如果香味刺鼻且非天然木香味，
说明可能是加入了香精；
二要看扇骨，
必须匀称、无弯曲；
三是看刻花，
工艺精巧，图案生动的为上品。
Tips for choosing sandalwood fans:
To smell the fragrance,
If the fragrance is pungent and not natural woody,
It indicates that essence may be added;
Secondly, we need to look at the fan bones,
Must be symmetrical and free from bends;
The third is to look at the engraved flowers,
Exquisite craftsmanship and vivid patterns are of the highest quality.
技法
technique
苏州檀香扇的制作技法独到，
主要为
“四花”技艺:拉花、烫花、雕花、画花,
檀香扇的制作工艺最主要的是烫花和拉花。
The production techniques of Suzhou sandalwood fans are unique,
Mainly for
The "Four Flowers" technique: flower drawing, hot stamping, carving, and painting,
The main production techniques for sandalwood fans are hot stamping and pulling.
拉花，
即以特制钢丝锯在每片扇篾上按设计要求，
拉锯出精细镂空的纹样。
无论风景名胜、人物花卉、飞禽走兽等
都能使整扇变得虚实有度、玲珑剔透。
此技艺以!
“奇、险、巧”为特色，技术难度极高。
孔眼之线条流畅、圆润、光洁，
方能取得精巧华丽、空灵剔透的艺术效果。
烫花，
亦称烙画，
是用具有一定温度的特种金属硬笔(或导热电笔)
在檀香木片上烙烫出纹样的一种制扇技艺。
烫花时，檀香木片一经烙烫，
会呈现棕褐色有别于檀香木原色。
根据烙烫火力的强弱、
显现出浓淡层次来，恰当运笔，
为子增添古雅与秀美之韵。
La Hua,
Using a specially designed steel wire saw on each blade according to the design requirements,
Saw out intricate hollow patterns.
Whether it's scenic spots, flora and fauna, birds and animals, etc
All of them can make the whole fan appear balanced and exquisite.
This skill is!
Characterized by uniqueness, danger, and ingenuity, the technical difficulty is extremely high.
The lines of the eyelets are smooth, rounded, and polished,
Only then can we achieve exquisite, magnificent, ethereal and transparent artistic effects.
Hot stamping,
Also known as pyrography,
It is a special metal hard pen (or thermal conductive electric pen) with a certain temperature
A fan making technique of branding patterns on sandalwood chips.
When hot stamping, once the sandalwood chips are burned,
It will present a brown color that is different from the original color of sandalwood.
According to the strength of the scorching firepower
Show the depth of the strokes and use them appropriately,
Add a touch of elegance and beauty to the child.
雕花，
雕花工艺主要是运用在檀香扇的边骨上，
雕刻出山水、花鸟、钟鼎文等，
阴阳相宜，富有立体感。
画花，
是在檀香扇的绢面上，
绘制各类装饰母题、画作或题写书法，
此艺常见于早期檀香扇制作中。
画花应把握适度原则，
因扇骨或扇边本身便有一定装饰，
故而“得体”二字是画花的精髓，
以秀丽隽永、
艳而不俗为要旨。
Carving,
The carving technique is mainly used on the edge bones of sandalwood fans,
Carving out landscapes, flowers, birds, and bronze inscriptions,
Yin and Yang are compatible, rich in three-dimensional sense.
Painting flowers,
On the silk surface of the sandalwood fan,
Draw various decorative motifs, paintings or calligraphy inscriptions,
This art is commonly seen in the early production of sandalwood fans.
Painting flowers should adhere to the principle of moderation,
Because the fan bones or edges themselves have certain decorations,
Therefore, the word "appropriate" is the essence of painting flowers,
Beautiful and timeless
The essence is to be beautiful and decent.
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产品特点
Product Features
经过巧妙设计和不断改变，、
檀香扇的形式发生了三方面的变化：
（一）
扇长由男扇的九寸五分缩短为
女扇的五寸三、六寸三、七寸三分等。
Through clever design and constant change
The form of sandalwood fans has undergone three changes:
一，
The fan length has been shortened from nine inches and five minutes for male fans to
The five inch three, six inch three, seven inch three, etc. of female fans;
二，
扇骨由疏而阔变为多而密，
男扇骨子分16根和18根两种，
女扇变为24根、30根、34根三种，
行话叫“二十四方”、“三十方”和“三十四方”。
Secondly,
The fan bones have changed from sparse and wide to numerous and dense,
There are two types of male fan bones: 16 and 18,
There are three types of female fans: 24, 30, and 34,
The jargon is called "twenty-four directions", "thirty directions", and "thirty-four directions".
三，
扇的绢面由占扇长的十分之六缩为十分之三，
扇骨外露部分由占扇长的十分之三增加到十分之七，
檀香扇骨外露一多，
香味就更为浓郁。
檀香扇的造型艺术水平和工艺制作水平不断提高，
花色品种越来越多 。
Three,
The silk surface of the fan has shrunk from six tenths of its length to three tenths,
The exposed part of the fan bone has increased from three tenths of the fan length to seven tenths,
A lot of sandalwood fan bones are exposed,
The fragrance becomes even more intense.
The artistic level and craftsmanship of sandalwood fans continue to improve,
There are more and more varieties of colors.
传承保护
Inheritance and Protection
20世纪80年代以后，
人们的生活方式发生了急剧变化，
电扇和空调的出现使扇子的重要性急剧下降。
同时，原材料越来越稀缺，
扇子价格居高不下;设计、拉花、烫花等步骤需全手工制作，
产业化困难;从业者技艺要求高，待遇却低，
制扇学徒来来往往，能留下来的少之又少。
这些原因共同导致了苏州制扇产业的衰弱。
After the 1980s,
People's lifestyles have undergone rapid changes,
The emergence of electric fans and air conditioners has significantly reduced the importance of fans.
Meanwhile, raw materials are becoming increasingly scarce,
The price of fans remains high; The design, flower drawing, hot stamping and other steps need to be fully handmade,
Difficulties in industrialization; Practitioners have high technical requirements but low remuneration,
Fan making apprentices come and go, and very few can stay.
These reasons collectively led to the decline of the fan industry in Suzhou.
晚清民国时期
仅上海一地苏州扇庄及
经营苏州扇面扇骨的文玩店就达上百家，
现在只剩下王星记和朵云轩两处。
目前苏州本地制扇艺人仅剩三四人，
有些工艺已濒于失传。
传承制扇技艺这项非遗的任务还任重道远。
During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period
Only in Shanghai, Suzhou Fan Zhuang and
There are over a hundred cultural and toy stores operating fan bones in Suzhou,
Now there are only two places left, Wang Xingji and Duo Yunxuan.
At present, there are only three or four local fan artists left in Suzhou,
Some crafts are on the brink of extinction.
The task of inheriting the art of fan making, which is an intangible cultural heritage, still has a long way to go.
以前，苏州姑娘出嫁，
总要有一把檀香扇陪嫁：
“坐轿子，摇扇子，幸福快乐一辈子。”
一把小的檀香扇，
那时要花费一个人一个月的工资，
但一把檀香扇，
可悦己，可怡情，可传家。
吴侬软语的苏谚有云：
“六月里扇仔檀香扇，再热也勿会打恶心。”
檀香扇，纤手一摇，拂去暑热和浮躁。
并且比我们想象中的更耐用，
即使存放几十年，
依然“日日花香扇底生”。
开合轻摇之间，又浸润着浓浓诗意，
尽显东方女性的风情。
Previously, Suzhou girls got married,
Always have a sandalwood fan as a dowry:
Sitting in a sedan chair, shaking a fan, and being happy for a lifetime
A small sandalwood fan,
At that time, it would cost one person one month's salary,
But a sandalwood fan,
It can please oneself, satisfy emotions, and pass on family traditions.
The Su proverb in Wu Nong's soft language goes:
In June, even if it's hot, don't make yourself nauseous with the sandalwood fan
Sandalwood fan, with a slender hand, brushes away the heat and restlessness.
And more durable than we imagined,
Even if stored for decades,
Still blooming with the fragrance of flowers every day.
Between the gentle opening and closing, there is a strong poetic atmosphere,
Showcasing the charm of Eastern women.
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