乌铜走银｜国家级非物质文化遗产

乌铜走银

是云南特有的中国传统铜制工艺品 ，

始创于云南石屏。它以铜为胎，

在胎上雕刻各种花纹图案，

然后将熔化的银（或金）水填入花纹图案中，

冷却后打磨光滑处理，

时间久了底铜自然变为乌黑，

透出银（或金）纹图案，呈现出黑白（或黑黄）

分明的装饰效果，古香古色，典雅别致。

乌铜走银距今已有300多年的历史。

由于走金难度较大一般多以走银为主，

故称“乌铜走银”。

过去，

此工艺品多为文房用具等。

品类十分广泛。

Black copper moves silver

It is a traditional Chinese copper handicraft unique to Yunnan,

Founded in Shiping, Yunnan. It is made of copper as the base material,

Carving various patterns and designs on the tire,

Then fill the melted silver (or gold) water into the pattern,

After cooling, polish and smooth the surface,

Over time, the base copper naturally turns black,

Revealing a silver (or gold) pattern, presenting black and white (or black and yellow)

Clear decorative effect, antique style, elegant and unique.

Wu Tong has a history of more than 300 years of silver trading.

Due to the high difficulty of gold trading, silver trading is generally the main method,

Therefore, it is called 'Wu Copper Walks Silver'.

past times,

This handicraft is mostly used as stationery.

The categories are very diverse.

铜文化历史在我国悠久而灿烂，

早在五千年前就开始制造和使用铜器。

乌铜走银是这一历史里的传奇。

祖传，

乌铜走银技艺源于清雍正年间云南石屏的一

位名匠师偶然发现，直到民国时期，

达到工艺鼎盛;和北京景泰蓝齐名，

并称“”铜艺双绝”。

在云南的古老传统中，乌铜走银以其独特的魅力，

诠释着时光的故事。它不仅是一种技艺，

更是一种文化、一种精神传承，

深深刻印在中华民族的历史长河中。

The history of copper culture is long and brilliant in China,

Copper utensils were manufactured and used as early as 5000 years ago.

Black copper walking silver is a legend in this history.

ancestral,

The technique of walking silver with black copper originated from a technique in Shiping, Yunnan during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty

A renowned craftsman accidentally discovered that it was not until the Republican era that,

Achieve the pinnacle of craftsmanship; Equally famous as Beijing Cloisonn é,

It is also known as the "Double Masterpiece of Copper Art".

In the ancient tradition of Yunnan, black copper and silver walk with their unique charm,

Interpreting the story of time. It is not only a skill,

It is also a cultural and spiritual inheritance,

Deeply engraved in the long history of the Chinese nation.

乌铜走银始创于云南石屏，

距今已有近300年的历史。其起源有两种说法：

一种说法是，

该技艺源于清雍正年间（1722~1735年）

云南石屏县一名匠师岳富的偶然灵感。

在一次炼铜过程中，岳富的金戒指意外熔化，

结果却意外诞生了乌铜走银。

另一种说法是，

乌铜走银制作技艺为云南省石屏县岳

家湾村抗金名将岳飞后裔岳永兄弟特创。

据传石屏一岳姓铜匠在冶炼紫铜时，

不慎将所戴金戒指落入所炼铜中，

后来发现其所炼铜器乌黑如煤，

遂在铜器表面錾刻花纹，嵌入银屑，

制成了最早的乌铜走银。

Wu Tong Zou Yin was founded in Shiping, Yunnan,

It has a history of nearly 300 years. There are two theories about its origin:

One theory is that,

This technique originated during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1722-1735)

The accidental inspiration of a craftsman named Yue Fu in Shiping County, Yunnan Province.

During a copper smelting process, Yue Fu's golden ring accidentally melted,

Unexpectedly, black copper and silver were born.

Another way of saying it is,

The craft of making black copper and silver is known as Yue in Shiping County, Yunnan Province

The descendants of Yue Fei, a famous anti Jin general in Jiawan Village, were specially created by the Yue Yong brothers.

It is said that a copper craftsman surnamed Yue in Shiping was smelting purple copper,

Accidentally dropping the gold ring into the copper being refined,

Later, it was discovered that the copper vessels he was refining were as black as coal,

Then patterns were carved on the surface of the bronze ware and silver shavings were embedded,

Made the earliest black copper walking silver.

乌铜走银制作技艺工序繁杂，

一般要经过炼制乌铜、打坯、刻图案、走银、成型、

抛光、焐黑等近20道工序，

最终形成一件乌铜走银。

The production process of black copper and silver is complicated,

Generally, it involves refining black copper, making blanks, carving patterns, silver plating, and shaping

Nearly 20 processes including polishing and blackening,

Eventually forming a piece of black copper and silver.

原料：

乌铜走银以铜为胎，

用优质的铜和一定比例的黄金、

纯银掺合其他十余种贵金属熔炼成乌铜合金。

Raw materials:

Black copper walks silver with copper as the tire,

Using high-quality copper and a certain proportion of gold

Pure silver mixed with more than ten other precious metals is melted into black copper alloy.

制作：

将合金以锻打、碾压等方法做成不同厚度的乌铜片。

设计、剪材下料后在乌铜片上

描绘出所需要的图案纹样或文字，

线条应流畅，再用錾子刻出各种花纹图案。

刻的深度根据乌铜片的厚度而定。

然后用纯银银屑或纯金金屑填充到图案处，以“走”满为度。经高温处理，银屑或金屑与乌铜就自然熔为一体。

make:

The alloy is made into black copper sheets of different thicknesses by forging, rolling, and other methods.

Design, cut materials, and lay them on black copper sheets after cutting

Draw the required patterns or text,

The lines should be smooth, and various patterns should be carved with a chisel.

The depth of engraving depends on the thickness of the black copper sheet.

Then fill the pattern with pure silver shavings or pure gold shavings, with the degree of "walking" to full. After high-temperature treatment, silver or gold shavings naturally melt into black copper.

焊接与组装：

焊接与组装是一件工艺品成形的关键，

将走好银的乌铜片进行打磨、组装、焊接成型，

或将制作好的乌铜片焊接组装在已设计制

作好的金属器物相关部位上，

使其成为一件完整的器物。

Welding and assembly:

Welding and assembly are the key to shaping a craft,

Polish, assemble, and weld the black copper sheet of Haohao Silver into shape,

Or weld and assemble the pre made black copper sheet onto the designed one

On the relevant parts of the prepared metal object,

Make it a complete object.

抛光：

分为粗抛光和细抛光，手工打磨，

将初成型的器物进行清理抛光处理

（现多用砂纸或砂轮作抛光处理），

让其显出银白色线纹。

焐黑：

用手掌捂起，待手出汗后，边捂边揉搓。

手汗液长时间与乌铜接触，产生反应，

使乌铜器面发生氧化，生成一层自然的氧化保护膜，

乌铜坯就呈乌黑发亮状态（这道工序也有相当的技术要求）。

Polishing:

Divided into rough polishing and fine polishing, manual polishing,

Clean and polish the newly formed objects

（Nowadays, sandpaper or grinding wheels are commonly used for polishing treatment,

Make it display silver white lines.

Wu Hei:

Cover it with your palm and rub it while holding it until your hands sweat.

Hand sweat reacts with black copper after prolonged contact,

Oxidation occurs on the surface of the black copper vessel, forming a natural oxidation protective film,

The black copper billet is in a shiny black state (this process also has considerable technical requirements).

乌铜走银工艺品以乌铜为胎，

在胎上錾刻各种花纹图案，

将银水填入花纹图案的刻痕中，

利用高温和化学原理使银或金与铜自然融合。

再经过冷却、打磨、抛光、捂黑等技术处理后，

底铜自然变为乌黑，透出银色纹饰图案，

呈现出黑白分明的装饰效果，

古朴素雅又不失高贵精致。

如果镶嵌的是金，

就叫“乌铜走金”。

The black copper and silver handicrafts use black copper as the base material,

Carving various patterns and designs on the tire,

Fill the silver water into the scratches of the pattern,

Using high temperature and chemical principles to naturally fuse silver or gold with copper.

After undergoing cooling, grinding, polishing, blackening and other technical treatments,

The base copper naturally turns black, revealing silver decorative patterns,

Presenting a distinct black and white decorative effect,

Simple and elegant yet noble and exquisite.

If the inlay is gold,

It's called 'Wu Copper Walks Gold'.

乌铜走银工艺品品类广泛，

一般有文房四宝系列、

酒具、香具、烟具、鼎、茶具、瓶、罐、尊系列、

玩赏系列等。

常见的图案纹饰有五福捧寿、梅兰竹菊、

八仙过海、富贵山水鱼、三英战吕布、

松鹤延年、祥龙献瑞等。

There is a wide variety of black copper and silver handicrafts,

Generally, there are the Four Treasures of the Study series

Wine utensils, incense utensils, smoking utensils, tripods, tea utensils, bottles, cans, Zun series

Appreciation series, etc.

Common patterns and decorations include "Five Blessings Holding Longevity", "Mei Lan Zhu Ju"

Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, Wealthy Mountains, Waters, and Fish, Three Heroes Fighting against Lu Bu

Songhe Yannian, Xianglong Xianrui, etc.

乌铜走银的传承现状令人担忧，

如今它面临着后继无人的困境，

掌握这一技艺的人寥寥无几。

随着现代化生产方式的普及和市场需求的减少，

乌铜走银的市场空间日益狭小。

高昂的制作成本和漫长的制作周期使得许多年轻人望而却步，

选择更为快速盈利的职业。

同时，乌铜走银的传承方式主要依靠家族内部传授，

这种封闭的传承模式也限制了技艺的传播和发展。

The current situation of the inheritance of black copper and silver is worrying,

Now it is facing the dilemma of having no successor,

There are very few people who master this skill.

With the popularization of modern production methods and the reduction of market demand,

The market space for black copper and silver is becoming increasingly narrow.

The high production cost and long production cycle make many young people hesitate,

Choose a career with faster profitability.

At the same time, the inheritance of black copper and silver mainly relies on internal transmission within the family,

This closed inheritance model also limits the dissemination and development of skills.

然而，

近年来，一些国家级非遗传承人，

如万光红、岳忠祥、袁昆林、金永才等，

在各自的领域内不断探索和创新，

努力将乌铜走银技艺传承下去。

他们通过收徒授艺、开设传习馆等方式，

试图打破传统的传承模式，

让更多人了解和接触这一技艺。

政府和社会各界也逐渐意识到乌铜走银的价值，

通过政策扶持、宣传推广等手段，

为乌铜走银的传承创造更好的环境。

However,

In recent years, some national level inheritors of intangible cultural heritage have,

Such as Wan Guanghong, Yue Zhongxiang, Yuan Kunlin, Jin Yongcai, etc,

Continuously exploring and innovating in their respective fields,

Strive to pass on the skills of black copper and silver.

They adopted methods such as apprenticeships, teaching art, and establishing study centers,

Attempting to break the traditional mode of inheritance,

Let more people understand and come into contact with this skill.

The government and various sectors of society have gradually realized the value of black copper and silver,

Through policy support, publicity and promotion, and other means,

Create a better environment for the inheritance of black copper and silver.。

乌铜走银制作技艺不仅具有极高的艺术价值，

还承载着丰富的历史文化内涵。

它是中国传统手工艺的重要组成部分，

体现了古代工匠的智慧和创造力。

同时，乌铜走银工艺品也以其独特的艺术魅力，

成为了收藏和鉴赏的佳品。

The craftsmanship of making black copper and silver not only has extremely high artistic value,

It also carries rich historical and cultural connotations.

It is an important component of traditional Chinese handicrafts,

It embodies the wisdom and creativity of ancient craftsmen.

At the same time, black copper and silver handicrafts also have their unique artistic charm,

It has become a great item for collection and appreciation.

综上所述，

非遗乌铜走银是一项珍贵的文化遗产，

它以其独特的制作工艺和典雅别致的艺术风格，

赢得了广泛的赞誉和关注。

然而，面对传承的挑战和困境，

我们需要更多的努力和创新，

让这一古老的技艺在新时代焕发出新的生命力。

in summary,

The intangible cultural heritage of black copper and silver is a precious cultural heritage,

It is characterized by its unique manufacturing process and elegant and chic artistic style,

Has won widespread praise and attention.

However, facing the challenges and difficulties of inheritance,

We need more effort and innovation,

Let this ancient skill shine with new vitality in the new era.

在历史的长河中，

乌铜走银逐渐从一种单纯的工艺品，

演变成为文房用品、摆件、饰品等多种形式的艺术品。

每一件乌铜走银作品，都是一件艺术品，

都是一段历史的见证。

乌铜走银，不仅是一种技艺，

更是一种文化的传承。

它见证了中华民族的历史变迁，

也承载了人们对美好生活的追求和向往。

In the long river of history,

Black copper and silver have gradually evolved from simple handicrafts,

Evolved into various forms of art such as stationery, ornaments, and accessories.

Every piece of black copper and silver artwork is a work of art,

They are all witnesses of history.

Black copper and silver walking is not only a skill,

It is also a cultural inheritance.

It has witnessed the historical changes of the Chinese nation,

It also carries people's pursuit and longing for a better life.