太平绣球 | 非物质文化遗产

绣球是一种在中国古代民间广为流传的吉祥信物与工艺玩具，主要以五彩绣线、丝带、绸缎锦布等纺织用品制成，常用于庆祝佳节与喜事中，其造型常被应用于民俗活动（舞龙、舞狮）、雕塑（狮子滚绣球）与绘画作品中，有着吉祥喜庆、好事连连的寓意。

Hydrangea is a kind of auspicious token and craft toy widely spread among ancient Chinese folk, mainly made of five-colour embroidery thread, ribbon, satin brocade and other textile supplies, often used to celebrate festivals and happy events, its shape is often used in folk activities (dragon dance, lion dance), sculpture (lion rolling hydrangea) and painting works, with auspicious happiness and good things.

Throwing hydrangea originated from the ancient customs of "throwing melon" and "throwing plum" in the pre-Qin period (visible in "The Book of Songs · Guofeng · Wei Feng · Pawpaw" and "The Book of Songs · Guofeng · Zhaonan · Seyou Plum"). As recreational activities can enhance feelings, throwing hydrangea has gradually had the functions of "throwing melons" and "throwing plums" and so on, and has become a custom activity with cultural significance. Because of the beauty of throwing the ball, such as stretching the arms and colourful hydrangea, throwing the ball is extremely valuable in artistic expression and entertainment, and then gradually adapted into a variety of song and dance entertainment popular in the court and folk.

广西绣球

广西靖西绣球的制作，分为浆布制板、绘画图案、手工绣花、内衬制作、剪裁绣片、填充缝合、组合成型、串珠流苏装饰等8个步骤。绣球大多为12瓣，每瓣皆绣上各式吉祥物，内部可填充香料或中草药。

Xia cloth embroidery is famous for its unique embroidery materials and exquisite embroidery skills. Grass cloth, made of ramie textile, has a natural texture and colour. The Xinyu City of Jiangxi Province is one of the main producing areas of high-quality ramie, and the ramie cloth produced was once used as a tribute to the imperial court. The high-quality ramie cloth provides a solid material foundation for the embroidery of the cloth.

山西绣球

山西太平绣球流传于北方晋南古太平（今临汾市襄汾县一带），多为民间百姓佩戴的吉祥饰物，由12个瓣组合在一起，用丝布绸等制作而成，寓意着吉祥如意、阖家安康。太平绣球由十二片花瓣相拼接缝合而成，这是绣球独特的特点，以棉花、香料、药材为内饰物，使绣球具备提神醒脑、芳香开窍、防虫驱邪的独特功效，它圆润的造型则寓意了团结和睦。

Hydrangea shanxiensis

Shanxi Taiping hydrangea spread in northern Shanxi ancient Taiping (now Xiangfen County, Linfen City), most of the auspicious ornaments worn by the people were composed of 12 pieces together, made of silk cloth, meaning good luck and family health. Taiping hydrangea is composed of twelve petals and is stitched together, which is the unique characteristic of hydrangea, with cotton, spices, and medicinal materials as the interior accessories so that hydrangea has a refreshing, aromatic, anti-insect and exorcists unique effects, its round shape means unity and harmony.

唐代

抛绣球活动在唐代达到繁盛，从宫廷到民间，男女老少皆喜欢此项活动，抛绣球也因此进入了文人的视野。人们从抛球动作中受到启发，把抛绣球改编为舞蹈表演，作为教坊演出曲目；抛绣球还用作行酒令，成为酒宴佐情助兴的项目，由此出现了不同的抛球歌舞形式。

Tang Dynasty

The activity of throwing hydrangea reached prosperity in the Tang Dynasty, from the court to the folk, men, women and children all liked this activity, and throwing hydrangea also entered the vision of scholars. Inspired by the ball-throwing action, people adapted the ball-throwing into a dance performance and used it as the repertoire of the teaching workshop. Throwing hydrangea is also used as a wine order and has become a project of wine and banquet, which has resulted in different forms of throwing balls and dances.

The hydrangea activity had become a kind of entertainment in the court at the latest during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong. "Zhi Tongjian" in the Tang Zhongzong "ordered the civil and military three points above throw the ball and divide friends tug-of-war" Some old ministers fell to the ground, and Zhongzong looked on and laughed. From the historical data, as a recreational sports activity, throwing the ball has been favoured by the upper society. In the flourishing Tang Dynasty, ball-throwing activity became popular, entered the field of poets' observation, and became the content of poetry expression. Poet Wang Lingran wrote in Cold Food: "Silver pheasant flew in a pool and warblers tossed a ball under a tree. Before leaving the podium in front of the other hall, the golden saddle sent colourful balls." The poem shows that throwing the ball has moved from the court to the countryside and has become a favourite outdoor activity of people at the Cold Food Festival.

当抛绣球活动在全国广泛流行时，由此改编的抛球舞也实现了抛球动作的艺术化突进，李白《宫中行乐词八首·其八》所言“素女鸣珠佩，天人弄彩球”表现的即是宫廷配乐抛球舞蹈的炫彩一景。绣球也在盛唐时通过遣唐使者传入东瀛，成为贵族的游戏玩具，在当地被称为“手鞠”。

When the ball-throwing activity was widely popular in the country, the ball-throwing dance adapted from it also realised the artistic leap of the ball-throwing action. Li Bai's "Eight Songs in the Palace," said that "plain female singing beads, heaven and people playing coloured balls" was a dazzling scene of the court music ball throwing dance. Hydrangea was also introduced into Japan through Tang emissaries in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and became a game toy for the nobility, which was locally known as "hand Ju".

中唐抛绣球活动进一步发展，从宫廷活动、教坊乐舞又走进了诸侯权贵甚至底层官僚及文人的酒席歌宴中。宴饮时抛球变为和摧烛、牙筹、飞盏、拓枝同类的行酒令，常有舞姬送球助乐，每个人都参与其中。白居易《醉后赠人》“香球趁拍回环匝，花盏抛巡取次飞”，形象地展示了抛球佐宴一幕。因抛球动作极具舞蹈性，故抛球行令本身即为群体参与、即兴表演性的生活舞蹈。抛球行令又催生出配合行酒的歌诗《抛球乐》。刘禹锡创作了两首《抛球乐》，均为五言六句三十言，如其二：“五彩绣团圆，登君玳瑁筵。”明胡震亨在《唐音癸签》中释《抛球乐》：“酒筵中抛球为令，其所唱之词也。”文人宴饮，抛球为具，以诗入歌，配乐歌舞，抛球把诗、歌、舞有机结合起来，成为一种抛球酒令艺术。

In the Middle Tang Dynasty, the activity of throwing hydrangea was further developed, from the court activities, teaching music and dance to the banquet of princes and dignitaries and even the bottom bureaucrats and literati. When the ball is thrown during the banquet, it becomes a drinking order of the same kind as the candle, the tooth chip, the flying cup and the extension branch. Often, the dancer sends the ball to help the music, and everyone participates in it. Bai Juyi "after drunk to give people" "Fragrant ball while the beat back the ring turns, the flower throw round to take the flight", the image shows the throwing ball dinner scene. Because the throwing action is very dance-like, the throwing order itself is a life dance with group participation and impromptu performance. Throwing the Ball also gave birth to the song poem "Throwing the Ball Music" to accompany the wine. Liu Yuxi created two pieces of "throwing ball music", which are five words, six sentences and thirty words, as the second: "Five-color embroidery reunion, Dengjun tortoiseshell banquet." Ming Hu Zhenheng in the "Tang Yin Guizai" release "throwing ball music": "wine banquet throwing ball for order, its singing words also." Literati banquet, ball throwing as a set, poetry into song, music and dance, ball throwing poetry, song, dance organic combination, become a ball throwing wine art.

如今，在太平绣球传承人的努力下，这一古老的传统工艺焕发出了新的生机与活力。他们不仅致力于夏布绣的传承与发展，还不断创新和探索新的艺术表现形式和技艺手法，让太平绣球这一国家级非物质文化遗产得以更好地传承和发扬光大。

Today, with the efforts of the inheritors of Hydrangea taipingensis, this ancient traditional craft has shown new vigour and vitality. They are not only committed to the inheritance and development of Jiabao embroidery but also constantly innovate and explore new forms of artistic expression and technical techniques so that Hydrangea taipingensis, a national intangible cultural heritage, can be better inherited and carried forward.

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