长白山满族剪纸
长白山满族剪纸起源于萨满教。在萨满教的祭祀活
动中产生了对祭祀服务的剪纸，如嬷嬷神剪纸、佛
托剪纸、白挂签剪纸等。这些剪纸作品承载着满族
人民对神灵的敬畏、对祖先的崇拜以及对美好生活
的祈愿，具有浓厚的宗教色彩和神秘的象征意义。
文化 历史
Cultural History
早在两千多年前满族的祖先自先秦以来就在长白山地区繁衍、生息。长白山区独特的地理、自然环境以及满族先人的生活方式，为长白山满族剪纸的产生提供了土壤，在渔猎时代，满族先民就开始用桦皮、鱼皮、兽皮等材料进行剪刻，创造出具有实用和装饰功能的图案。
As early as more than 2,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Manchu people have been breeding and living in the Changbai Mountain area since the pre-Qin period. The unique geography, natural environment and lifestyle of the Manchu ancestors in the Changbai Mountains provided the soil for the production of Manchu paper-cutting in the Changbai Mountains, and in the era of fishing and hunting, the Manchu ancestors began to cut with birch bark, fish skin, animal skin and other materials to create patterns with practical and decorative functions.
在历史发展中中国满族人民在长期的生活实践中将日常的生产、生活场景以及民俗活动等内容融入到剪纸创作中，使其成为记录和传承民族文化的重要载体。在明清时期，满族剪纸又增加了一些地方性的习俗，内容更加丰富。
In the course of historical development, the Manchu people in China have integrated daily production, life scenes and folk activities into the creation of paper-cutting in their long-term life practice, making it an important carrier for recording and inheriting national culture. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Manchu paper-cutting added some local customs, and the content was richer.
T&D Factory
传统非遗
长白山满族剪纸
向左滑动查看更多
制作工艺 Production process
纸张方面，传统上常用大红纸，这种纸颜色鲜艳喜庆，符合满族的审美观念。也会使用彩纸来丰富作品的色彩表现。同时还需要准备一把锋利的剪刀和刻刀。
In terms of paper, big red paper is traditionally used, which is bright and festive, in line with the aesthetic concept of the Manchus. Coloured paper is also used to enrich the colour expression of the work. You will also need to prepare a pair of sharp scissors and a carving knife.
剪纸艺人会根据题材进行构思，这可能是一个满族传说、民俗场景或者动植物形象。比如要剪一个“嬷嬷人”，艺人就会在脑海中勾勒出“嬷嬷人”的姿势、服饰以及表情等细节。
The paper-cutting artist will conceive according to the subject matter, which may be a Manchu legend, a folk scene, or an image of animals and plants. For example, if you want to cut a "Mama Man", the artist will outline the details of the "Mama Man" in his mind, such as his posture, costumes, and expressions.
再通过不同工具进行裁剪，如剪刀便是从纸张的边缘或折叠处开始下剪，通过连续的剪动塑造形象。而像刻刀一类便是把纸张平铺在垫板上，再用刻刀进行雕刻。刻刀可以刻出精细的线条和复杂的内部图案。例如在刻画满族传统建筑图案时，用刻刀能够精准地表现出建筑的门窗、斗拱等细节部分。
Then, cut with different tools, such as scissors, which start from the edge or fold of the paper and create an image through continuous cutting. For example, the carving knife is to lay the paper flat on the backing plate and then use the carving knife to engrave it. Gravers can carve fine lines and intricate interior patterns. For example, when depicting the traditional architectural patterns of the Manchu people, the details of the building, such as doors, windows, and dugongs, can be accurately expressed with a carving knife.
剪刻完成后，有些剪纸作品还会进行染色或者拼贴等装饰。染色可以让剪纸色彩更加丰富；拼贴则是把不同的剪纸图案组合在一起，形成更复杂的画面，增强作品的层次感和艺术感染力。
After the cut-out is completed, some of the paper-cut works will be dyed or collaged. Dyeing can make the decoupage more colourful; Collage is the combination of different paper-cut patterns to form a more complex picture, enhancing the layering and artistic appeal of the work.
T&D Factory
传统非遗
Changbai Mountain Manchu paper-cutting
Changbai Mountain
Manchu paper-cutting
长白山满族
剪纸
Traditionalintangible
cultural heritage
非遗传统
●
○
○
价值与传承Values & Heritage
长白山满族剪纸不单单是一张剪纸，更是承载着满族的历史记忆、民俗风情、宗教信仰等，如祭祀、婚丧嫁娶等传统均有体现，是满族文化传承的关键符号。它的艺术价值显著，独特的构图、粗犷质朴且生动夸张的造型、简洁明快的线条，形成了别具一格的艺术风格，展现出满族人民的审美意趣与艺术创造力。
Changbai Mountain Manchu paper-cut is not only a piece of paper-cutting but also carries the historical memory, folk customs, religious beliefs, etc., of the Manchu people, such as sacrifices, weddings and funerals, and other traditions, which are the key symbols of Manchu cultural inheritance. The artistic value is remarkable, the unique composition, the rough and simple and vivid exaggerated shape, and the concise and bright lines have formed a unique artistic style, showing the aesthetic interest and artistic creativity of the Manchu people.
在历史的发展中这一技艺主要传统传承方式依赖口传心授和家族传承，如今则通过学校教育开设相关课程，培养年轻一代对其的兴趣与技能；文化机构也积极举办展览、研讨会等活动，提升其知名度与影响力；民间艺人与现代设计师合作，创新剪纸题材与形式，开发文创产品，拓展其生存空间；同时利用数字化技术记录和保存剪纸技艺与作品，为传承提供更丰富的资源与途径，但传承中仍面临人才断层、市场认知不足等问题亟待解决，以确保这一珍贵的民族文化遗产得以延续与发展。
Historically, this skill has been traditionally passed down through oral and family transmission, but now it is taught through school education to cultivate the interests and skills of the younger generation. Cultural institutions also actively hold exhibitions, seminars and other activities to enhance their visibility and influence. Folk artists cooperate with modern designers to innovate the theme and form of paper-cutting, develop cultural and creative products, and expand their living space. At the same time, digital technology is used to record and preserve paper-cutting skills and works to provide richer resources and ways for inheritance, but there are still problems to be solved in the inheritance, such as talent fault and lack of market awareness, to ensure the continuation and development of this precious national cultural heritage.
Traditional intangible cultural heritage
<<<
Changbai Mountain Manchu paper-cutting
「长白山满族剪纸」
/白山黑水间的剪纸艺术
Traditional culture
「长白山满族剪纸」
内容策划 Presented
+
策划Producer｜David
排版 Editor｜David
校对 Proof｜Eve
审核Reviewer | Eve
图片版权 Copyright｜网络
T&DFactory
探索不同传统手工艺术
找寻各种国内外优秀趣味设计.
公众号
小红书
欢迎非遗传承人联系我们进行推广与学习.
合作请联系后台，看到消息后我们会第一时间回复您.
未尽允许禁止搬运，如有雷同必究其责.
END
