“厦门漆线雕技艺”
Xiamen lacquer line carving technique
漆线雕
国家非常重视非物质文化遗产的保护，2006年5月20日，该技艺经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。福建省厦门市的蔡水况为该市文化遗产项目传承人之一。
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, and on May 20, 2006, the skill was approved by The State Council to be included in the first batch of the national intangible cultural heritage list. CAI Shuikuang in Xiamen, Fujian province, is one of the inheritors of the city's cultural heritage project.
历史渊源
historical origin
漆线雕工艺在厦门流传三百余年，历经蔡氏13代传人。这一工艺系古代佛像雕塑艺术的遗脉，是受宋元线雕工艺特别是沥粉和泥线雕的启发而产生的。它形成于明末清初，至晚清时逐渐成熟，在厦门地区的发展与民间宗教的兴盛及神佛雕塑行业的繁荣密不可分。
The lacquer line carving technique spread in Xiamen for more than 300 years, after 13 generations of the CAI family. This process is a relic of ancient Buddha sculpture art, which was inspired by the line carving technology of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, especially the line carving of leach powder and clay. It was formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and gradually matured in the late Qing Dynasty. Its development in Xiamen was closely related to the prosperity of folk religion and the prosperity of the divine Buddha sculpture industry.
工艺流程
technological process
传统的漆线雕制作包括雕塑、粉底、漆线装饰、妆金填彩等4个方面。
The traditional lacquer line carving includes four aspects: sculpture, foundation, lacquer line decoration, makeup and gold filling.
就作品的创作设计而言，雕塑是首要的。但就艺术的特殊美感而言，漆线装饰的技艺才是关键。就作品的创作设计而言，雕塑是首要的。但就艺术的特殊美感而言，漆线装饰的技艺才是关键。漆线雕用陈年砖粉和大漆、熟桐油等原料调和，经反复舂打成为柔软而又富于韧性的泥团，俗称“漆线土”，再由手工搓成“漆线”，然后在涂有底漆的坯体上用“漆线”盘、结、绕、堆，塑造浮凸的图形。
In terms of the creation and design of the work, sculpture is the first. But as far as the special beauty of art is concerned, the technique of lacquer decoration is the key. Paint line carving with aged brick powder and lacquer, cooked tung oil and other raw materials mix, after repeated ramming into a soft and rich toughness of mud, commonly known as "paint line soil", and then by hand into "paint line", and then coated with a primer on the body of the "paint line" disk, knot, wind, pile, create a floating graphics.
材料准备：漆线雕的材料主要包括漆线、木胎和彩绘颜料。漆线要经过特殊的处理，以增强其韧性和耐久性。
Material preparation: The materials of lacquer line carving mainly include lacquer line, wood tyre and paint pigment. The paint line is specially treated to enhance its toughness and durability.
胎制：木胎是漆线雕的基础，艺匠们会根据设计要求雕刻出不同的形状和纹样，以便后续的漆线填充。
Tyre system: The wood tire is the basis of lacquer line carving, artisans will carve out different shapes and patterns according to the design requirements, to fill the subsequent paint line.
漆线填充：这是漆线雕的核心步骤，艺匠们用漆线填充在木胎上，根据设计创作出各种图案和细节。这个过程需要高超的技巧和耐心。
Paint line filling: This is the core step of paint line carving, where artisans fill the wooden tyre with paint lines to create various patterns and details according to the design. This process requires great skill and patience.
雕刻和彩绘：漆线填充完成后，艺匠们会进行雕刻和彩绘，以增强作品的立体感和美观度。这些工序需要精湛的技艺和细致的手工艺。
Carving and painting: After the paint line is filled, the artisans will carve and paint to enhance the three-dimensional sense and beauty of the work. These processes require great skill and meticulous craftsmanship.
“工艺特点”
technological characteristics
漆线雕工艺关注线条的审美特质，形态丰富多变，在创作中随心所欲而达到极高境界，中国工艺美术中的线条美在这里得到升华。漆线雕以线条盘结，而以浮雕形式展现，精细之处毫厘不爽，所有细节都非常严谨。可以说，手工是漆线雕的灵魂。
Lacquer line carving technology pays attention to the aesthetic characteristics of the line, the form is rich and varied, and it reaches the highest level in the creation of anything you want, and the beauty of the line in Chinese arts and crafts is sublimated here. Lacquer line carving in line, and the form of relief, fine points are not very fine, and all details are very rigorous. It can be said that handwork is the soul of lacquer line carving.
早在几百年前漆线雕像就随泉州的“海上丝绸之路”驰誉中外，远销东南亚各国。漆线雕是以精细的漆线经特殊的制作方法缠绕出各种金碧辉煌的人物及动物形象，尤以民间传统题材，如龙凤、麒麟、云水、缠枝莲等为多。
As early as several hundred years ago, the lacquered line statue was well-known at home and abroad along the "Maritime Silk Road" in Quanzhou and exported to Southeast Asian countries. Lacquer line carving is a fine lacquer line by special production methods to wind a variety of resplendent figures and animal images, especially in folk traditional themes, such as dragon and phoenix, kirin, cloud water, wrapped lotus and so on.
图片来自：漆宝斋-漆艺传习中心
过去，漆线雕大都只限于木本，漆篮和戏剧道具上。它具备了本土、民族的最基本内涵。民国时期的收藏家曾著书言明：漆器之中尤以雕漆为最高贵，亦以雕漆为最有艺术意趣。
In the past, lacquer line carving was mostly limited to wood, lacquer baskets and theatrical props. It has the most basic connotations of native and national. During the period of the Republic of China, collectors wrote that carved lacquer was the most noble among lacquerware and the most artistic.
传承传统
Inherit the tradition
近年来，漆线雕已发展到装饰在盘、瓶、炉等瓷器和玻璃器皿上，琳琅满目。厦门工艺美术厂把漆线雕与陶瓷结合起来，创作、生产了线条陶瓷作品。
In recent years, lacquer line carving has been developed to decorate porcelain and glassware such as plates, bottles, furnaces, and so on. Xiamen Arts and Crafts factory combines lacquer line carving with ceramics to create and produce line ceramic works.
如线条瓷塑《郑成功》，参加了全国工艺美术展览，并被选送到日本展出，获得好评。小件漆线雕工艺品用绫缎制成盒子包装，小巧玲珑，便于携带，是旅游纪念、馈赠亲友的佳品。厦门的漆线雕以蔡氏漆线雕为代表。
Such as the line porcelain sculpture "Zheng Chenggong", which participated in the national arts and crafts exhibition, and was selected to be exhibited in Japan, and won praise. Small lacquer line carving crafts made of satin box packaging, small and exquisite, easy to carry, is a travelling memorial, gifts to relatives and friends of the good goods. The lacquer line carving of Xiamen is represented by CAI's lacquer line carving.
内容策划 Presented
+
策划Producer｜Zero
排版 Editor｜Zero
校对 Proof｜Eve
审核Reviewer | Eve
图片版权 Copyright｜网络
欢迎非遗传承人联系我们进行推广与学习.合作请联系后台，看到消息后我们会第一时间回复您.
