黎族骨器 | 非物质文化遗产

黎族骨器

旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代晚期：黎族的先民在这一时期就已经掌握了利用动物骨骼制作工具和装饰品的技艺 。当时的骨器不仅实用，还具有很高的艺术价值，是他们在生产生活中的重要创造，比如用于狩猎、捕鱼和日常生活的骨针、骨刀等工具，以及作为装饰佩戴的骨簪、骨项链等。

Late Paleolithic to Late Neolithic: During this period, the ancestors of the Li people had already mastered the art of making tools and ornaments from animal bones. At that time, bone tools were not only practical but also had high artistic value and were important creations in their production and life, such as bone needles, bone knives and other tools used for hunting, fishing and daily life, as well as bone hairpins and bone necklaces worn as decorations.

汉代：《汉书・地理志》记载：“民皆服布如单被，穿中央为贯首衣…… 兵则矛盾，木弓弩，竹矢，或骨为镞……”，表明当时黎族先民已使用骨器作为武器部件 。

Han Dynasty: The Book of Han and the Geographical Chronicles recorded: "The people all wear cloth like a single quilt, and wear the central clothes as the first clothes...... The soldiers are contradictory, wooden bows and crossbows, bamboo arrows, or bones are ......", indicating that the ancestors of the Li nationality had used bone tools as weapon parts at that time.

骨簪

单人骨簪：顶端雕刻戴帽首领形象，占整个人头像约三分之二的部分常被雕刻成高帽、包头或发结形态，上雕花草和几何纹，顶端打小孔系流苏；中段为人脸部分，头像为单人侧面像；下段相当于人的躯干腿部，根据曲线变化分成不同格，雕刻有各种动植物纹、水波纹、弦纹、几何纹、圈点纹等 1。

双人骨簪：顶端部分为双人头像，两个侧面人头像脖子以上分开，共戴两顶高帽，共同一个下段。下段雕刻有多种花纹图案

Bone hairpins

Single bone hairpin: the top is carved with the image of a hat leader, accounting for about two-thirds of the whole head, which is often carved into a high hat, a head or a hair knot, carved with grass and geometric patterns, and a tassel with a small hole at the top; The middle part is the face part, and the head is a single profile portrait; The lower section is equivalent to the human torso and legs, and is divided into different grids according to the changes in the curve, and is carved with various animal and plant patterns, water ripples, string patterns, geometric patterns, circle patterns, etc.‍‍‍

Double Bone Hairpin: The top part is a double head, and the two side heads are separated above the neck, wearing two high hats and a lower segment. The lower section is carved with a variety of patterns.

四叉骨簪：簪首分出四柄 

骨梳

用牛骨雕成，上刻有各种精细的花纹图案 。

骨刀

形状类似于刀具，有一定的弧度和尖锐的刃部，用于切割和削刮 。

骨铲

造型扁平，有一定的宽度和长度，刃部较薄，主要用于铲土、挖掘等劳作 。

Four wishbone hairpins: The hairpin head is divided into four handles 

Bone comb

It is carved from cow bones and engraved with a variety of fine patterns.

Bone knives

The shape is similar to that of a knife, with a certain arc and a sharp edge, which is used for cutting and shaving.

Bone spatula

The shape is flat, has a certain width and length, and the blade is thin, which is mainly used for shovelling, excavation and other labour.

Process characteristics

色彩

对于骨簪中尤为神奇的着色技艺，王启敏亦有记载：把木炭捣成粉状后，渗入所刻的骨头图案纹中，再抹上蜜蜂腊把碳粉封闭，然后用小火慢慢地把蜂腊熔化并渗入纹中，能使所刻的图案染色永不褪色，更使刻纹的黑白墨迹清晰可见。

color

For the particularly magical colouring skills in the bone hairpin, Wang Qimin also recorded: after the charcoal is pounded into powder, it is infiltrated into the carved bone pattern, then smeared with bee wax to seal the toner, and then slowly melts the bee wax and infiltrates into the pattern with low heat, so that the engraved pattern dyeing will never fade, and the black and white ink of the engraved pattern can be visible.