上期答案
Each one is painful for students, for faculty, and the community and the college itself. To the extent the state can be prepared and supportive, it’s probably better for everyone.
这对学生、教职员工、社区和学院本身来说都是痛苦的。如果国家能够为此做好准备并提供帮助，那对所有人来说可能都是好事。
本期内容
早上好，读者朋友们，今天分享的文章节选自《卫报》。在这个数字时代，互联网已成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，它如同一张巨大的网，将世界紧密连接在一起。然而，在这张看似无形的大网背后，隐藏着一个鲜为人知的秘密——一个错综复杂的电缆网络，它们默默地为互联网提供着源源不断的动力。这些电缆，有的深埋地下，有的跨越海洋，是支撑全球网络运行的“隐形血脉”。但如今，这个看似坚不可摧的隐藏电缆网络正面临着越来越大的威胁，其背后的故事令人深思。从城市中的光纤到跨越大洋的海底光缆，这些电缆构成了互联网的物理基础。它们承载着海量的语音通话、视频聊天、在线购物、金融服务等数据信息，确保了全球互联网的稳定运行。然而，这些电缆网络大多隐藏在人们的视线之外，很少有人了解它们的存在及其重要性。
What lies beneath: the growing threat to the hidden network of cables that power the internet
潜藏之患:为互联网提供动力的隐藏电缆网络面临日益严峻威胁
1
It was the opening days of 2022, in the aftermath of a huge volcanic eruption, when Tonga went dark. The underwater eruption – 1,000 times more powerful than the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima – sent tsunami waves across Tonga’s nearby archipelago and blanketed the island’s white coral sands in ash.The strength of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai eruption severed internet connectivity with Tonga, causing a communication blackout at just the moment that a crisis was unfolding.
eruption /ɪˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/n. 喷发；爆发
sever /ˈsevər/v.切断；中断
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那是在2022年伊始的一天，在一次巨大的火山爆发之后，汤加陷入了黑暗。这次水下喷发的威力是投在广岛的原子弹的1000倍，海啸席卷了汤加附近的群岛，岛上的白色珊瑚沙被火山灰覆盖。Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha 'apai火山喷发的强度切断了与汤加的互联网连接，在危机爆发之际造成通信中断。
When the undersea cable that provides the country’s internet was restored weeks later, the scale of the disruption was clear. The lack of connectivity had hampered recovery efforts, while at the same time devastating businesses and local finances, many of which depend on remittances from abroad.The disaster exposed the extreme vulnerabilities of the infrastructure that underpins the workings of the internet.Contemporary life is really inseparable from an operational internet.
hamper /ˈhæmpər/v. 阻碍，妨碍
underpin /ˌʌndərˈpɪn/v.巩固；构成...的基础
contemporary /kənˈtempəreri/adj. 当代的，现代的
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当提供国家互联网的海底电缆在几周后恢复时，中断的规模是显而易见的。缺乏联系阻碍了恢复工作，同时也破坏了企业和地方财政，其中许多企业和地方财政依赖海外汇款。这场灾难暴露了支撑互联网运作的基础设施的极端脆弱性。当代生活确实离不开互联网。
In that way, it’s much like drinking water – a utility that underpins our very existence. And like water, very few people understand what it takes for it to travel from a distant reservoir to our kitchen taps. Modern consumers have come to imagine the internet as something unseen in the atmosphere – an invisible “cloud” just above our heads, raining data down upon us. Because our devices aren’t tethered to any cables, many of us believe the whole thing is wireless, says Starosielski, but the reality is far more extraordinary.
reservoir /ˈrezərvwɑːr/n. 水库
tap n.水龙头
on tap 即将发生
tether /ˈteðər/v.栓；共享网络
be at the end of your tether 筋疲力竭；山穷水尽
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从这个角度来看，它很像饮用水——一种支撑我们生存的实用工具。就像水一样，很少有人知道它从遥远的水库流向我们厨房的水龙头需要什么。现代消费者已经开始把互联网想象成大气中看不见的东西——就在我们头顶上的一朵看不见的“云”，向我们倾泻数据。Starosielski说，因为我们的设备没有连接到任何电缆，我们中的许多人都认为这一切都是无线的，但事实远非如此。
Almost all internet traffic reach us via high speed fibre optics laid on the ocean floor. These are the veins of the modern world, stretching almost 1.5 million km under the sea, connecting countries via physical cables which funnel the internet through them. In 2017, Nato officials reported that Russian submarines had stepped up their surveillance of internet cables in the north Atlantic and in 2018, the Trump administration sanctioned a Russian company that was alleged to have provided “underwater capabilities” to Moscow, with the aim of monitoring the underwater network.
fibre optic 光纤
Nato 北大西洋公约组织（北约）
surveillance /sɜːrˈveɪləns/n. 监视
sanction /ˈsæŋkʃ(ə)n/v.制裁；许可，准许
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几乎所有的互联网流量都是通过铺设在海底的高速光纤到达我们这里的。这些是现代世界的脉络，在海底延伸近150万公里，通过物理电缆将各国连接起来，这些电缆将互联网汇集在其中。2017年，北约官员报告称，俄罗斯潜艇加强了对北大西洋互联网电缆的监视，2018年，特朗普政府制裁了一家俄罗斯公司，据称该公司向莫斯科提供了“水下能力”，目的是监控水下网络。
The targeting of internet cables is a weapon that Russia has long held in its arsenal of hybrid warfare. When Russia annexed Crimea in 2014, Moscow severed the main cable connection to the peninsula, gaining control of its internet infrastructure, enabling the Kremlin to spread disinformation.Global conflicts have also been shown to have unintended, disruptive effects on internet cable systems. In February, Iranian-backed Houthi militants attacked a cargo ship in the Red Sea. The eventual sinking of the Rubymar was likely responsible for severing three undersea cables in the region, which disrupted a significant portion of internet traffic between Asia and Europe.
arsenal /ˈɑːrsənl/n.武器；军火库
cargo /ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/n.货物
annex /ˈæneks/v.强占；吞并（occupy）
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针对互联网电缆的攻击是俄罗斯长期以来在其混合战争中使用的武器。2014年俄罗斯吞并克里米亚时，莫斯科切断了与该半岛的主要电缆连接，控制了其互联网基础设施，使克里姆林宫能够传播虚假信息。全球冲突也被证明会对互联网有线电缆系统产生意想不到的破坏性影响。今年2月，伊朗支持的胡塞武装分子在红海袭击了一艘货船。最终沉没的Rubymar号很可能切断了该地区的三条海底电缆，这中断了亚洲和欧洲之间很大一部分互联网流量。
Journal：Theguardian(2024/aug/09)
Title：What lies beneath: the growing threat to the hidden network of cables that power the internet
Category：Internet
END
写作句式积累
Contemporary life is really inseparable from an operational internet.
当代生活真的离不开互联网。
长难句解析
That the data /that powers financial, government, and some military communications /is traversing cables /not much thicker than a hose pipe and protected by little more than the seawater above them, has in recent years become a cause of concern for lawmakers across the world.
句子主干是：That the data has become a cause of concern for...
that powers financial, government, and some military communications 是定语从句，修饰限定先行词the data; is traversing cables not much thicker ... and protected ..是现在分词短语作定语，修饰限定主语the data，原文中多了一个is。在这个上下文中，去掉 is使得短语能够更直接地作为定语使用。
翻译：近年来，为金融、政府和一些军事通信提供动力的数据通过比软管粗不了多少的电缆传输，而电缆上的保护层只不过是海水而已，这已经成为全世界立法者关注的一个问题。
翻译练习
The documents, revealed by whistleblower Edward Snowden, also showed that an undersea cable that connects Australia and New Zealand to the US was tapped to allow the NSA to access Australian and New Zealand internet data.
翻译练习，欢迎大家文末留言打卡，下期推送文章公布答案哟，一起阅外刊学英语吧！
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