上期答案
If and how fast we “go gray” is largely determined by our genetics, but smoking and alcohol use have also been shown to speed up the rate at which our hair loses color.
我们头发是否“变白”以及“变白”的速度在很大程度上取决于我们的基因，但吸烟和饮酒也被证明会加快我们头发褪色的速度。
本期内容
早上好，读者朋友们，今天分享的文章节选自《华盛顿邮报》。近日，美国加利福尼亚州议会通过了一项备受瞩目的人工智能（AI）法案——SB 1047，即《前沿人工智能模型安全创新法案》。这一法案的通过，不仅标志着加州在AI监管领域迈出了重要一步，也将人工智能的争议焦点推向了现任州长加文·纽森的桌面。SB 1047法案自今年2月提交以来，历经多次修订与激烈辩论，最终在州议会以41票赞成、9票反对的结果获得通过。该法案旨在确保大规模人工智能模型的安全开发，特别是针对训练成本超过1亿美元或达到一定算力的开发者，设立了严格的安全标准和责任义务。这一举措旨在通过追究开发者的责任，防止前沿大模型造成严重损害，包括制造或使用致命武器、造成大规模伤亡或经济损失等。
California AI bill passes State Assembly
加州人工智能法案在州议会获得通过
1
The California State Assembly passed a bill Wednesday that would enact the nation’s strictest regulations on artificial intelligence companies, pushing the fierce fight over how to regulate AI toward Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk. The proposed law would require companies working on AI to test their technology before selling it for “catastrophic” risks such as the ability to instruct users in how to conduct cyberattacks or build biological weapons. Under the proposed law, if companies fail to conduct the tests and their tech is used to harm people, they could be sued by California’s attorney general.The bill only applies to companies training large and expensive AI models, and its author, Democratic state Sen. Scott Wiener, has insisted it will not affect smaller start-ups seeking to compete with Big Tech companies.
enact /ɪˈnækt/v.通过；实施
bill /bɪl/n.法案
start-up n.初创企业
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加利福尼亚州议会周三通过了一项法案，该法案将对人工智能公司实施美国最严格的监管，将如何监管人工智能的激烈斗争推到了州长加文·纽森的办公桌上。拟议中的法律将要求从事人工智能研究的公司在以“灾难性”风险(例如指导用户如何进行网络攻击或制造生物武器的能力)出售人工智能之前，对其技术进行测试。根据拟议的法律，如果公司没有进行测试，他们的技术被用来伤害人们，他们可能会被加州司法部起诉。该法案仅适用于培训大型昂贵人工智能模型的公司，其作者、民主党州参议员斯科特·维纳(Scott Wiener)坚称，它不会影响与大型科技公司竞争的小型初创企业。
The bill, which passed with a vote of 41-9, will now return to the state Senate, where it was first introduced, and is expected to quickly pass on to Newsom . That would put the high-profile governor in a position to enact or veto sweeping and contentious tech regulation at a time when prospects for Congress passing federal AI legislation dim as lawmakers focus on the presidential election.
high-profile adj.备受瞩目的；知名度高的
veto /ˈviːtoʊ/v. 否决
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该法案以 41 票赞成、9 票反对的结果获得通过，现在将返回最初提出该法案的州参议院，预计将很快交由纽森批准。这将使这位备受瞩目的州长有权颁布或否决全面且有争议的科技监管，而此时国会通过联邦人工智能立法的前景黯淡，因为立法者专注于总统选举。
The Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act, better known by its bill number “1047,” has deepened a rift in the world of AI researchers, developers and entrepreneurs over how serious the potential risks of the technology are. On one side are AI researchers associated with the effective altruism movement, which advocates for stricter limits on AI development to stave off the ability for the tech to be used to conduct cyberattacks, build dangerous weapons or even become sentient on its own. On the other are AI researchers who say the tech is nowhere near good enough for those dangers to be realistic, and tech founders, executives and investors who say strict government limits could stifle AI innovation or allow other countries to leapfrog the United States when it comes to tech prowess.
rift /rɪft/n.分裂；分歧
altruism /ˈæltruɪzəm/n.利他主义
stifle /ˈstaɪf(ə)l/v.扼杀；抑制
leapfrog /ˈliːpfrɔːɡ/v.超级提升
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《前沿人工智能模型安全创新法案》(Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act)的编号为“1047”，它加深了人工智能研究人员、开发人员和企业家对这项技术潜在风险有多严重的分歧。一方面，人工智能研究人员参与了有效利他主义运动，该运动主张对人工智能发展进行更严格的限制，以防止该技术被用于发动网络攻击、制造危险武器，甚至自主拥有感知能力。另一方面，人工智能研究人员表示，这项技术还远远不够好，不足以产生现实的危险，而科技创始人、高管和投资者则表示，政府的严格限制可能会扼杀人工智能创新，或者让其他国家在技术实力方面超越美国。
Industry surrogates have mounted an extensive lobbying campaign against the bill that has included the launch of a website that generates letters calling California policymakers to vote against the legislation. Representatives from tech trade groups, including the Software Alliance, have been meeting with Newsom’s office to raise concerns about the legislation in recent months.
surrogates n. 代理人，替代者
lobby v.游说
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行业代表们发起了广泛的游说活动，反对该法案，其中包括建立一个网站，征集信件，呼吁加州政策制定者投票反对该法案。近几个月来，包括软件联盟(Software Alliance)在内的科技行业团体的代表一直在与纽森办公室会面，表达对这项立法的担忧。
Journal：washingtonpost(August 28, 2024)
Title：California AI bill passes State Assembly, pushing AI fight to Newsom
Category：Tech and Bill
END
写作句式积累
When it comes to AI, innovation and safety are not mutually exclusive.
when it comes to ... 当谈论...时
当谈到人工智能，创新和安全并不相互排斥。
翻译练习
Since the early years of the web, tech companies have been shielded from liability for actions committed on their platforms by users, an important legal framework that tech leaders say has allowed the internet to flourish.
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