上期答案
Jumbo’s approach was a Dutch collective finger in the dyke.
Jumbo 的做法就像荷兰人集体堵坝一样。
本期内容
早上好，读者朋友们，今天分享的文章节选自《生活科学》。在爱因斯坦提出相对论的一个多世纪后，这一理论不仅深刻改变了我们对宇宙的认知，还悄然渗透进了我们的日常生活。从黄金的璀璨光芒到卫星导航的精准定位，相对论无处不在。本文将带您走进八个令人惊叹的现实场景，一同感受相对论在现实世界中的奇妙应用。
8 ways you can see Einstein's theory of relativity in real life
在现实生活中看到爱因斯坦相对论的 8 种方法
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Albert Einstein began formulating the theory of relativity in 1905 to explain the behavior of objects in space and time, and the groundbreaking work can be used to predict things such as the existence of black holes, light bending due to gravity and the behavior of planets in their orbits.Einstein's most famous theory has profound implications. If the speed of light is always the same, it means that an astronaut going very fast relative to Earth will measure the seconds ticking by more slowly than an Earthbound observer will. Time essentially slows down for the astronaut — a phenomenon called time dilation.
the theory of relativity 相对论
dilation /daɪˈleɪʃn/n. 扩张，扩大；膨胀
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1905年，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(Albert Einstein)开始提出相对论，以解释物体在空间和时间中的行为。这项开创性的工作可用于预测黑洞的存在、重力引起的光弯曲以及行星在其轨道上的行为等。爱因斯坦最著名的理论有着深远的意义。如果光速总是一样的，这就意味着一个相对于地球速度非常快的宇航员所测量的秒数会比一个在地球上的观察者所测量的秒数要慢。对于宇航员来说，时间实质上变慢了——这种现象被称为时间膨胀。
Magnetism is a relativistic effect, and you can see this demonstrated in generators. If you take a loop of wire and move it through a magnetic field, you generate an electric current. The charged particles in the wire are affected by the changing magnetic field, which forces some of them to move and creates the current.But now, picture the wire at rest and imagine the magnet is moving. In this case, the charged particles in the wire (the electrons and protons) aren't moving anymore, so the magnetic field shouldn't be affecting them. But it does, and a current still flows. This shows that there is no privileged frame of reference. Thomas Moore, a professor of physics at Pomona College in Claremont, California, uses the principle of relativity to demonstrate Faraday's law, which states that a changing magnetic field creates an electric current.
magnetism /ˈmæɡnətɪzəm/n. 磁性，磁力
picture v.想象；设想
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To get that pinpoint accuracy, the satellites use clocks that are accurate to a few nanoseconds (billionths of a second). Because each satellite is 12,600 miles (20,300 kilometers) above Earth and moves at about 6,000 mph (10,000 km/h), there's a relativistic time dilation that tacks on about 4 microseconds each day. Add in the effects of gravity, and the time dilation effect goes up to about 7 microseconds (millionths of a second).The difference is very real: If no relativistic effects were accounted for, a GPS unit that tells you it's a half mile (0.8 km) to the next gas station would be 5 miles (8 km) off after only one day, according to Physics Central.
tack on 附加，增补，添加
gravity /ˈɡrævəti/n. 重力，地心引力
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The relativistic effect on gold's electrons is also one reason it doesn't corrode or easily react with anything else, according to a 1998 paper in the journal Gold Bulletin.Gold has only one electron in its outer shell, but it still is not as reactive as calcium or lithium. Instead, because the electrons in gold are "heavier" than they should be, since they are moving near the speed of light, increasing their mass, they are held closer to the atomic nucleus. This means that the outermost electron isn't likely to be where it can react with anything at all.
corrode /kəˈroʊd/v.腐蚀，侵蚀
mass /mæs/n.质量
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1998年发表在《黄金公报》(gold Bulletin)上的一篇论文称，黄金电子的相对论效应也是它不腐蚀或不易与其他物质发生反应的原因之一。黄金的外壳只有一个电子，但它的活性仍然不如钙或锂。相反，因为金中的电子比它们应有的“重”，因为它们以接近光速的速度运动，增加了它们的质量，所以它们更靠近原子核。这意味着最外层的电子根本不可能与任何物质发生反应。
Until about the early 2000s, most televisions and monitors had cathode ray tube screens. A cathode ray tube works by firing electrons at a phosphor surface with a big magnet. Each electron makes a lighted pixel when it hits the back of the screen, and the electrons fire out to make the picture move at up to 30% the speed of light. Relativistic effects are noticeable, and when manufacturers shaped the magnets, they had to consider those effects, according to PBS News Hour.Without Einstein's most famous equation — E = mc^2 — the sun and the rest of the stars wouldn't shine. In the center of our parent star, intense temperatures and pressures constantly squeeze four separate hydrogen atoms into a single helium atom, according to Ohio State University. The mass of a single helium atom is just slightly less than that of four hydrogen atoms. What happens to the extra mass? It gets directly converted into energy, which shows up as sunlight on our planet.
cathode /ˈkæθoʊd/n. 阴极
squeeze /skwiːz/v. 挤压
helium /ˈhiːliəm/n.氦（符号为 He, 2号元素）
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直到21世纪初，大多数电视和显示器都有阴极射线管屏幕。阴极射线管的工作原理是用一块大磁铁向荧光粉表面发射电子。当每个电子碰到屏幕背面时，就会产生一个发光的像素，这些电子发射出来，使图像以高达光速30%的速度移动。相对论效应是显而易见的，当制造商在设计磁铁时形状时，他们必须考虑到这些影响。如果没有爱因斯坦最著名的方程——E = mc^2——太阳和其他恒星就不会发光。根据俄亥俄州立大学的研究，在我们的太阳中心，高温和高压不断地将四个独立的氢原子挤压成一个氦原子。一个氦原子的质量只比四个氢原子的质量略小。额外的质量会怎样?它直接转化为能量，在我们的星球上以阳光的形式出现。
Journal：livescience
Title：8 ways you can see Einstein's theory of relativity in real life（February 16, 2024）
Category：Physics
END
写作句式积累
Any object in a big gravity field accelerates, so it also experiences time dilation.
任何物体在大引力场中都会加速，所以它也会经历时间膨胀。
翻译练习
Prior to general relativity, the leading theory of gravity was Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation, which unified the description of moving massive bodies both on Earth and in the Solar System.
翻译练习，欢迎大家文末留言打卡，下期推送文章公布答案哟，一起阅外刊学英语吧！
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