上期答案
Marie Curie is well known for her chemistry achievements but less so for helping other women succeed in science.
玛丽.居里在化学方面的成就广为人知，但她帮助其他女性在科学领域取得成功的成就却鲜为人知。
本期内容
早上好，读者朋友们，今天分享的文章选自《科学快讯》。在日常生活的琐碎细节中，隐藏着许多不为人知的秘密习性。一项最新公布的调查结果，犹如一面透视镜，直击公共卫生领域的盲区——竟然有相当一部分人在完成人生“小确幸”后，忽略了至关重要的一步：洗手！更令人咋舌的是，这一看似微小的疏忽，实则与疾病传播、健康风险紧密相连。在这场“看不见的战争”中，我们每一个人都是防线，而双手，正是这道防线的最前沿。
Survey Reveals How Many People Don't Wash Their Hands After Using The Toilet
调查显示有多少人上完厕所后不洗手
1
Do you wash your hands every time you use the toilet? How about before you handle food? Be honest. Australia's Food Safety Information Council has released its latest report card on the country's hand washing habits. It found 19% of Australians don't wash their hands every time they use the toilet. Close to half (42%) admit they don't always wash hands before handling food.So who's doing well when it comes to hand hygiene, who's not – and why does it matter?
toilet /ˈtɔɪlət/ n.厕所；卫生间
hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ n. 卫生
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The new report surveyed hand washing practices of 1,229 people. Results were consistent with what we've learned from similar surveys.Once again, women do better than men at washing their hands after using the toilet, although only slightly (80% of men say they do every time, versus 83% of women). Just 55% of men wash their hands before touching food, compared to 62% of women.Age also seemed to make a difference. Under 34 years old, 69% of people washed their hands every time they used the toilet. Over age 65, that jumped to 86%.
consistent /kənˈsɪstənt/ adj.一致的；相符合的
versus /ˈvɜːrsəs/ prep.与……相对，与……相比
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新报告调查了 1,229 人的洗手习惯。结果与我们从类似调查中了解到的情况一致。再次证明，女性在如厕后洗手方面的表现比男性好，尽管只是略好一点（80% 的男性表示他们每次都洗手，而女性的比例为 83%）。只有 55% 的男性在接触食物前洗手，而女性的比例为 62%。年龄似乎也造成了影响。34 岁以下的人中，69% 的人每次上完厕所都会洗手。65 岁以上的人中，这一比例上升至 86%。
Why don't people wash their hands?Public health messaging often focuses on how to wash hands well. But there's less research that follows up on how widely people actually adopt these practices. And to understand why – if they are skipping the soap and water – those messages might not be getting through effectively.One study that looked at this question in India asked school children about barriers to hand washing. The vast majority (91%) had low "illness threat perception". In other words, they simply didn't perceive a risk of getting sick form not washing their hands after going to the toilet.
barrier /ˈbæriər/ n. 障碍，壁垒
perception n. 看法，认识
go to the toilet 上厕所
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为什么人们不洗手？公共卫生信息往往侧重于如何好好洗手。但很少有研究追踪人们到底有多广泛地采用这些做法。要理解为什么——如果他们不擦肥皂和水——这些信息可能无法有效地传递。印度有一项研究针对这个问题，询问了学校儿童在洗手方面遇到的障碍。绝大多数（91%）的儿童对“疾病威胁的认知”较低。换句话说，他们根本没有意识到如厕后不洗手会生病的风险。
Urine and faeces contain millions of germs, especially faeces, which has more than 100 billion germs per gram.When you use the toilet and touch surfaces in the bathroom, you will pick up germs. People who skip the hand washing step on the way out take those germs with them when they leave, depositing them on each surface they touch afterwards.You may not get sick yourself, but you're increasing the spread of bacteria. This can increase the risk of infection and illness for other people, including those with compromised immune systems such as older people and those undergoing common forms of treatment for cancer.
urine /ˈjʊrɪn/ n. 尿液
faeces(feces) n.粪便
germ /dʒɜːrm/ n. 病菌，细菌
compromised adj.妥协的（缺乏抵抗力的）
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尿液和粪便中含有数以百万计的细菌，尤其是粪便，每克含有1000亿个以上的细菌。当你使用厕所并触摸浴室表面时，你会沾染细菌。那些在出门时没有洗手的人在离开时会把细菌带走，并将它们留在之后触摸的每个表面上。您可能自己不会生病，但会增加细菌的传播。这会增加其他人感染和患病的风险，包括免疫系统受损的人，例如老年人和正在接受常见癌症治疗的人。
Hand washing before cooking and eating is also important. The risk here goes both ways. If you have disease-causing germs on your hands (maybe because you didn't wash them after the toilet) you may transfer them to the food where they can multiply and even produce toxins. People who eat the food may then get sick, often involving vomiting and diarrhoea.In the other direction, some foods naturally carry germs before cooking – such as salmonella and campylobacter bacteria in raw poultry. If you don't wash your hands after handling these foods you may transfer them to other surfaces and risk spreading infection.
multiply /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ v.成倍增加；繁殖
toxin /ˈtɑːksɪn/ n. 毒素
vomit /ˈvɑːmɪt/ v.呕吐
diarrhoea /ˌdaɪəˈriːə/ n. 腹泻
poultry /ˈpoʊltri/ n. 家禽；家禽肉
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烹饪和进食前洗手也很重要。这里的风险是双向的。如果你的手上有致病细菌（可能是因为你上完厕所后没有洗手），你可能会把它们转移到食物上，在那里它们会繁殖，甚至产生毒素。吃了这些食物的人可能会生病，通常会出现呕吐和腹泻的情况。另一方面，有些食物在烹饪前自然携带细菌，例如生禽肉中的沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌。如果你在处理这些食物后不洗手，可能会将细菌转移到其他表面，并有传播感染的风险。
Journal：sciencealert
Title：Survey Reveals How Many People Don't Wash Their Hands After Using The Toilet(21 October 2024)
Category：Health
END
写作句式积累
The bottom line is /hand washing is a simple, quick intervention /that benefits you and those around you — but only if you do it.
最重要的是，洗手是一种简单、快速的干预措施，对你和你周围的人都有好处——但前提是你要这样做。
翻译练习
Absolute sincerity can move a heart of stone.
翻译练习，欢迎大家文末留言打卡，下期推送文章公布答案哟，一起阅外刊学英语吧！
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