上期答案
Central banks are not flying blind. They have lots of data and theory that help them decide whether rates are high or low, from measures of output and inflation to estimates of potential growth, full employment and inflation expectations.
央行并非盲目行事。他们掌握大量数据和理论，有助于他们判断利率是高是低，这些数据包括产出和通货膨胀的衡量指标，以及对潜在增长、充分就业和通货膨胀预期的估计。
本期内容
早上好，读者朋友们，今天分享的文章选自《纽约时报》。美国，这个自诩为“自由灯塔”的国家，其独特的枪支文化如同一把双刃剑，既闪耀着捍卫个人自由的光芒，也悄然划开了社会安宁的裂痕。今天，让我们一同揭开美国枪支痴迷背后那些鲜为人知、震撼人心的真正代价，探索在这片土地上，自由与安全的微妙平衡是如何被不断挑战与重塑的。每年，成百上千的家庭因枪支暴力而支离破碎。无辜的孩子、辛勤的劳动者、满怀梦想的年轻人，在瞬间成为统计数字中的一员。这些悲剧，不仅仅是个人命运的骤变，更是社会良心的拷问：在追求自由的同时，我们是否已忽略了生命的重量？
The True Costs of America’s Gun Obsession
美国枪支痴迷的真正代价
1
No other country comes close to matching America’s levels of gun ownership. In fact, the United States has more firearms than people.This is an accepted reality in American politics. The two major party presidential candidates, and their running mates, are gun owners. Even Kamala Harris, the candidate who backs more restrictive gun laws, has said she supports the Second Amendment. In a recent interview with Oprah Winfrey, Ms. Harris said that if someone broke into her home, “they’re getting shot.”
firearm n. 火器；枪炮
back v.帮助，支持
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没有哪个国家的枪支拥有率能与美国相提并论。事实上，美国的枪支数量比人口还多。这是美国政坛公认的现实。两大政党的总统候选人及其竞选搭档都是持枪者。就连支持更严格枪支法的候选人卡马拉·哈里斯也表示，她支持第二修正案。在最近接受奥普拉·温弗瑞采访时，哈里斯女士表示，如果有人闯入她家，“他们就会被枪杀”。
Americans, of course, have disagreements about guns. The positive case for guns focuses on the ability for people to protect themselves and a long-held faith that an armed populace serves as a check against government tyranny. The negative side focuses on mass shootings and the fact that the United States has higher rates of gun violence than other wealthy countries. But these differences can feel exhausted after years of stalled debate.
check n.规定，约束
checks and balances 制约与平衡
tyranny n. 暴虐，专横
stall /stɔːl/ v.拖住，拖延
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当然，美国人对枪支持有不同意见。支持枪支的正面观点集中在人们保护自己的能力以及长期以来的信念上，即武装民众可以制衡政府的暴政。负面观点集中在大规模枪击事件以及美国枪支暴力率高于其他富裕国家的事实上。但经过多年的僵持辩论，这些分歧可能会让人感到疲惫不堪。
If you look closely at illegal immigration, guns quickly come into view. Many migrants come to the United States to flee violence in their home countries. The reason they are fleeing is that criminal groups, from the biggest drug cartels in Mexico to the smallest street gangs in Honduras, are often able to carry out that violence with impunity. How? Because they’re heavily armed — to the point that they can outgun local law enforcement. And where do they get those weapons? Mostly, the United States. The country’s lax laws allow smugglers to buy weapons at gun shows or online without background checks, for example, and then ship the firearms south.
immigration n.移民
drug cartel 贩毒集团
street gang 街头帮派
outgun v.超越，胜过
lax adj. 不严格的，松懈的
smuggler n. 走私犯，偷运者
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如果你仔细观察非法移民，就会很快发现枪支。许多移民来到美国是为了逃离本国的暴力。他们逃离的原因是，犯罪集团（从墨西哥最大的贩毒集团到洪都拉斯最小的街头帮派）往往能够肆无忌惮地实施暴力。为什么？因为他们全副武装——甚至比当地执法部门的火力还要猛。他们从哪里获得这些武器？大部分都是美国。该国宽松的法律允许走私者在枪支展览会或网上购买武器，而无需进行背景调查，然后将枪支运往南方。
Drugs and illegal immigration are just two examples. Guns play a role in exacerbating many other problems that Americans — not just liberals — care about.Incarceration and policing are among the most obvious. More guns means more murders, research shows. Murders carry some of the stiffest criminal penalties and are more likely to result in an arrest and imprisonment than other crimes. As a result, some experts draw a line between America’s large number of guns and its incarceration rate, which is among the highest in the world.
exacerbate v. 使恶化，使加剧
incarceration n. 监禁
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毒品和非法移民只是两个例子。枪支在加剧许多其他问题方面也发挥着作用，这些问题是美国人（不仅仅是自由主义者）关心的。监禁和警务是最明显的因素。研究表明，枪支越多，谋杀案就越多。谋杀案的刑罚最为严厉，比其他犯罪更容易导致逮捕和监禁。因此，一些专家将美国的大量枪支与其监禁率联系起来，后者位居世界最高之列。
Firearms are so ubiquitous in the United States that police officers are trained to expect one when responding to a call — and, often, a gun really is nearby. Compare an American officer’s mind-set with that of an officer in Japan or Britain, where firearms are extremely rare. The American officer is more likely to fear for his or her life. This cascades to broader societal consequences: A jumpy person with a gun is more likely to pull the trigger, and, indeed, studies show that gun ownership rates correlate with police shootings.
ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ adj. 普遍存在的
jumpy /ˈdʒʌmpi/ adj.胆战心惊的
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枪支在美国无处不在，警察在接到报警电话时都会接受枪支训练——而且，通常，枪就在附近。将美国警察的心态与日本或英国警察的心态进行比较，那里的枪支极为罕见。美国警察更有可能担心自己的生命安全。这会带来更广泛的社会后果：一个拿着枪的神经质的人更有可能扣动扳机，事实上，研究表明，枪支拥有率与警察枪击事件相关。
Journal：nytimes
Title：The True Costs of America’s Gun Obsession(Sept. 28, 2024)
Category：America's Gun
END
写作句式积累
No other country comes close to matching America’s levels of gun ownership.
没有哪个国家的枪支拥有率能与美国相提并论。
翻译练习
Police departments have lost public trust after high-profile, controversial killings, contributing to the hiring crisis. But many of the scholars who specialize in these issues agree: Guns are a crucial part of the picture.
翻译练习，欢迎大家文末留言打卡，下期推送文章公布答案哟，一起阅外刊学英语吧！
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