外刊阅读 | Nature | 漫步太空，不再是梦？

The tradition of crafting mooncakes is a cherished aspect of Chinese culture.Making mooncakes preserves our culinary and cultural heritage, and it’s worth the time.

cultural heritage   文化遗产

制作月饼的传统是中国文化的重要组成部分。制作月饼保留了我们的烹饪和文化遗产，值得花时间。

First private spacewalk a success! What the SpaceX mission means for science

首次私人太空行走成功！SpaceX 任务对科学意味着什么？

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Polaris Dawn, the private SpaceX mission currently orbiting Earth, has already set several records since its launch on 10 September. Hours after taking off, the mission’s Crew Dragon spacecraft reached an altitude of 1,400 kilometres, the highest orbit above Earth achieved by a crewed spacecraft and the farthest humans have travelled from Earth since NASA’s Apollo missions of the late 1960s and early 1970s. And earlier today, two of its crew, US entrepreneur Jared Isaacman and SpaceX engineer Sarah Gillis, completed the first-ever commercial spacewalk at a peak altitude of more than 700 kilometres.

Although these milestones are impressive, what is even more intriguing to researchers who spoke to Nature is what the mission could mean for the future of space science. With private citizens and flights going to space more frequently, there will be more opportunities to run experiments in microgravity and probe the bounds of human space travel.

In the meantime, Polaris Dawn will deliver scientific results after it splashes down in the coming days in either the Gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic Ocean. The mission’s Crew Dragon spacecraft, named Resilience, is carrying 36 experiments contributed by 31 different institutions across Canada, Saudi Arabia and the United States, many of them focused on the health of space travellers. “We stand to learn quite a bit,” said Isaacman during a press conference on 19 August. “If we get to Mars someday, we’d love to be able to come back and be healthy enough to tell people about it.”

Polaris Dawn is the first of three planned Polaris missions funded and led by Isaacman, the chief executive of payment-processing firm Shift, based in Center Valley, Pennsylvania. One of the goals of the Polaris programme is to help advance the human-spaceflight ambitions of Hawthorne, California-based firm SpaceX. The third Polaris mission will be the first crewed flight of SpaceX’s Starship, a fully reusable mega-rocket that NASA has enlisted to transport astronauts in several years to the Moon’s surface, as part of its ambitious Artemis programme.

For another, the mission is studying the health of the crew members on board. “Spaceflight is just a huge stressor,” says Jimmy Wu, the deputy director of the Baylor College of Medicine’s Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH) in Houston, Texas, which collects medical data on commercial space travellers, including the Polaris Dawn crew.Researchers think that private crewed spaceflights will help to get answers faster about how spaceflight affects health than government-led missions with trained astronauts, because they are lifting off more often. “It is really hard to study astronauts because it takes so long to get even 10 or 12 of them through six-month missions,” says Leigh Gabel, a kinesiologist at the University of Calgary in Canada, who studies the effects of microgravity on bone health. “Private space travel could give us a real leg up.”

Private space travel could give us a real leg up.

私人太空旅行可以给我们带来真正的帮助。

Her previous work on astronauts who have spent time on the International Space Station has shown that months of microgravity can cause the inner structure of load-bearing bones, such as those in the legs, to weaken in ways that don’t fully heal even one year after returning to Earth.

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