外刊双语比阅:女性衰老的双重标准

教育   2024-11-23 07:57   山东  
外刊双比阅
2024年11月23日

备考加油 一战成硕



The Double Standard of Aging for Women

Ageism leads to a fixation on youth and beauty, especially for women.

Posted November 22, 2024

 Reviewed by Davia Sills










考研摸拟练习

The Double Standard of Aging for Women

Ageism leads to a fixation on youth and beauty, especially for women.

Posted November 22, 2024 |  Reviewed by Davia Sills

  • Women experience pressure to maintain a youthful appearance through every stage of life.

  • In a double standard, men are more respected as they age, while women's value lies in their appearance.

  • There's a tendency to associate aging with decline for women, while for men it's a sign of wisdom and success.

  • The fixation on youth and beauty for women often takes a psychological and emotional toll.

This month, I celebrated a birthday. Most years, my birthdays are a time of celebration, reflection, and excitement—I have always loved my birthday. But this year’s celebration came with a dose of frustration, particularly when it came to the comments I received about my age: “Don’t worry, you don’t look your age!” You’re going to have to start covering up those greys!” “I bet you didn’t want another birthday, huh?” These were just a few of the remarks I heard from well-meaning friends and acquaintances, and while I know they were meant to be light-hearted, they left me feeling disheartened and, frankly, frustrated.

The assumption that I wouldn’t want to celebrate my birthday or that I should be distressed by growing older is rooted in a larger narrative about aging: that we should fear it, fight it, and always strive to appear younger. While this message on ageism is received by all genders, society is far harder on women.

The Double Standard

In many ways, aging is a societal issue that’s far more loaded for women than for men. From an early age, women are socialized to value youth and beauty above almost anything else,3 and this pressure to maintain a youthful appearance persists through every stage of life1,2. In contrast, men, particularly as they age, are often celebrated for the very things women are criticized for—like gaining weight, showing wrinkles, or graying hair. There is a societal tendency to associate aging with decline for women, while for men, it’s often seen as a sign of wisdom, success, and gravitas.

What struck me most was how different the reactions were when my partner, who is the same age, had his birthday earlier in the year. He might have had the occasional remark about his age or appearance, but it didn’t control the narrative. Instead, he was simply wished well, and people celebrated his day as they would any other.

No one made him feel as though aging was something he should be ashamed of. If anything, he is seen as more of an authority in his career, reinforcing that men are not held to these same standards.

The Pressure to Not Age—or at Least Look Like We Don’t

The comments I received about my birthday and my age illustrate this double standard perfectly. When people tell me, “You don’t look your age,” the underlying message is clear: Aging isn’t something to be embraced or celebrated; it’s something to be avoided at all costs.

The implication is that women should somehow defy the natural course of time. If you do age, you must do so gracefully—by looking as young as possible for as long as possible. In contrast, a man’s value is rarely based on his looks alone. In fact, men often gain more respect and recognition as they age, while women can find themselves pushed to the margins as they grow older2.

The fixation on youth and beauty for women often takes a psychological and emotional toll. Women are frequently told, both overtly and subtly, that their value lies in their appearance3. As we get older, this can feel like a constant reminder that we are no longer the “ideal” woman in society’s eyes.

That can manifest in everything from workplace dynamics—where older women are often overlooked or underappreciated—to media portrayals that glorify youth and villainize aging. Advertisements for anti-aging creams and treatments constantly bombard us with messages that suggest aging is something we need to fight against. The comment about me soon needing to “cover up those greys” further illustrates this.

The pressure can be especially suffocating for women who are in their 30s, 40s, and beyond, as the media’s narrow definitions of beauty often exclude those who are no longer young. My partner, who is the same age as me, doesn’t receive the same pressures because, in society’s eyes, aging is a less problematic issue for him. His experience of aging is one of maturity, stability, and even authority. For me, however, my age is treated as something to be mitigated and softened.

Age and Identity

Aging, for me, is a sign of growth, of experience, and of the wisdom I’ve gained over the years. In fact, I find that the older I get, the more comfortable I am in my own skin, the more confident I become, and the more empowered I feel in all aspects of my life. Although my face may have been smoother and my hair longer, my younger years were filled with so much trauma and stress. While I am so grateful for my experiences and the lessons I learned, I would not trade places with younger me.

Changing the Narrative

How can we begin to challenge these ingrained attitudes and the societal double standards that exist around aging? First and foremost, it starts with acknowledging the bias and discrimination that we, especially women, face as they age. We need to shift the narrative away from equating youth with worth and value. As women, we should be allowed to age with dignity and celebrate the milestones that come with it without the added pressure to look, act, or feel any different than we did when we were younger.

We also need to advocate for more inclusive representations of women in media and public life—women who are confident, empowered, and real, regardless of their age. Society needs to move beyond the idea that a woman’s worth is tied to her appearance and instead recognize that our contributions, achievements, and lived experiences are what define us.

We need to change the conversation around aging, especially for women. It’s time we challenge these societal expectations and celebrate the natural progression of life, no matter how many candles are on the cake. Aging is not something to be feared or denied, but something to be embraced.



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考纲单词预背

1. maintain [menˈteɪn] v. 保持,维持;维修,保养;断言,主张;赡养,抚养;支持,维护;maintains;maintaining;maintained;maintained

2. tendency [ˈtendənsɪ] n. 经常性行为,偏好;趋势,趋向;(性格中不良的)倾向;(政党内的)极端派别;tendencies

3. associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v. 联想,联系;支持,同意;交往,(尤指)混在一起 n. 同事,伙伴;副学士,准学士;副职,副手;准会员;联想 adj. 副的,准的,非正式的;联合的,有关连的;associates;associates;associating;associated;associated

4. toll [təʊl] n. (道路、桥梁等的)通行费;长途电话费;(事故、灾难、战争等的)伤亡人数;严重的不良影响;(缓慢的)钟声 v. (缓慢地)敲(钟),鸣(钟);鸣钟告知;收取(桥梁或道路的)通行费;tolls;tolls;tolling;toling;tolled;toled;tolled;toled

5. reflection [rɪˈflekʃən] n. (光、热或声音的)反射;反射光,反射热,回声;(反射出来的)影像,倒影;深思,反省;(尤指见诸语言的)想法,意见;表现,反映;坏的印象;(数)镜射,反射;reflections

6. excitement [ɪkˈsaɪtmənt] n. 令人激动(或兴奋)的事,刺激因素;激动,兴奋;性兴奋;excitements

7. dose [dəʊs] n. 一剂,一服;一次,一点;花柳病 v. 给……服药;掺入 【名】 (dose)(英)多斯,(德)多泽,(意、西、葡、塞)多塞(人名);doses;doses;dosing;dosed;dosed

8. bet [bet] v. 打赌,赌博;敢肯定 n. 下注;赌金;预计,猜想;有可能成功的人选(或备选行动) abbr. 在……之间(between. 【名】 (bet)(美)贝特(人名);bets;bets;betting;bet;betted;bet;betted

9. acquaintance [əˈkweɪntəns] n. 相识的人,泛泛之交;认识,相识;所知,了解;acquaintances

10. frustrate [frʌsˈtreɪt] v. 使懊恼,使沮丧;挫败,阻挠;受挫 adj. 痛苦的,受挫的;frustrates;frustrating;frustrated;frustrated

11. assumption [əˈsʌmpʃən] n. 假定,假设;取得,承担;assumptions

12. distress [dɪsˈtres] n. 忧虑,悲伤;贫困;危难,险情;(肉体的)剧痛 v. 使悲伤,使忧虑;使(家具,皮革)有仿磨损的痕迹;distresses;distressing;distressed;distressed

13. narrative [ˈnærətɪv] n. 记叙文,叙述;叙事技巧 adj. 叙述的;叙事体的;narratives

14. strive [straɪv] v. 努力,力争;斗争,反抗;strives;striving;strove;strived;striven;strived

15. gender [ˈdʒendə] n. 性别;(语法中的)性;(总称)男性,女性;genders;genders;gendering;gendered;gendered

16. issue [ˈɪsjuː] n. 议题,争论点;(报纸、杂志等的)期,号;发放,分配;(新股票或邮票等的)发行;子女,后嗣;流出,发出;结果,后果 v. 发表,颁布;分发,分配;正式发行;流出,发出;由……产生,由……得出;issues;issues;issuing;issued;issued

17. persist [pə(ː)ˈsɪst] v. 继续存在,持续;坚持,执意;坚持说,反复说;persists;persisting;persisted;persisted

18. criticize [ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz] v. 批评,指责;评论;criticizes;criticizing;criticized;criticized

19. wrinkle [ˈrɪŋkl] n. (皮肤上的)皱纹;(布或纸上的)皱褶; 小困难,小难题;令人吃惊的情节,出人意料的事情;妙计,好主意 v. (使脸上)起皱纹,皱起;(布料等)起皱,起褶;wrinkles;wrinkles;wrinkling;wrinkled;wrinkled

20. occasional [əˈkeɪʒnəl] adj. 偶尔的,不经常的;(家具)特定场合才使用的; (文章、演讲或宗教仪式等)在特殊场合所作的,为特殊场合所准备的;非定时的,临时的

21. career [kəˈrɪə] n. 职业,事业;职业生涯;速度,行程 adj. 就业的,职业的;终身从事的 v. 猛冲;careers;careers;careering;careered;careered

22. reinforce [ˌrɪːɪnˈfɔːs] v. 加强,强化(观点、思想或感觉);加固,使更结实;给……加强力量(或装备),增援;寻求(或得到)增援 n. 加固物;reinforces;reinforcing;reinforced;reinforced

23. illustrate [ˈɪləstreɪt] v. 加插图于;说明,阐明;证明,证实;illustrates;illustrating;illustrated;illustrated

24. underlie [ˌʌndəˈlaɪ] vt. 构成……的基础,为……的起因;位于……的下面;underlies;underlying;underlay;underlain

25. underlying [ˈʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ] adj. 根本的,潜在的;表面下的,下层的;优先的;(数量或水平)实际的 v. 位于…的下面;构成…的基础(underlie 的现在分词形式)

26. embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs] v. 拥抱;欣然接受,乐意采纳;包括,涉及;围绕,环绕 n. 拥抱;接受,信奉;embraces;embraces;embracing;embraced;embraced

27. implication [ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃən] n. 可能的影响(或作用、结果);含意,暗指;牵连,涉及;implications

28. defy [dɪˈfaɪ] v. 违抗,不服从;挑战,激;无法,难以(描述或理解);经受住,顶住;defies;defies;defying;defied;defied

29. rarely [ˈreəlɪ] adv. 罕有,很少;异乎寻常地,极度

30. recognition [ˌrekəgˈnɪʃən] n. 承认,接受;表彰,赞誉;认出,识别;(政府对他国的)外交认可;recognitions

31. margin [ˈmɑːdʒɪn] n. 页边空白;差额,幅度;盈余,利润;余地,备用的时间(或空间、金钱等);边缘,非主体部分;保证金,押金;额外报酬 v. 给……加上边;预付定金,交押金;页边做注释或总结 【名】 (margin)(俄、意)马尔金(人名);margins;margins;margining;margined;margined

32. ideal [aɪˈdɪəl] adj. 理想的,最佳的;想象的,不切实际的 n. 理想;典范,完美典型;ideals

33. manifest [ˈmænɪfest] v. 显示,表明;(鬼魂或神灵)显灵,出现;(病症)显现;把……列入货单 adj. 明显的,显而易见的 n. 旅客名单,载货清单;货运列车编组清单;manifests;manifests;manifesting;manifested;manifested

34. dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk] adj. 充满活力的,精力充沛的;动态的,发展变化的;力的,动力的 n. 动力,活力;相互作用,动态;动力学;dynamics

35. medium [ˈmɪːdɪəm] n. 媒介,媒体;方法,手段;(艺术创作)材料,素材;灵媒,巫师;培养基;环境;中等,中号;存储(或打印)介质;(颜料)溶剂(如油或水);(品质、状态)中等,中庸 adj. 中等的,中间的,适中的;五分熟的,半熟的;(程度、强度或数量)平均的;(颜色)不深不浅的,适中的;(投球,投球手)中速的;media;mediums

36. definition [ˌdefɪˈnɪʃən] n. 定义,释义;榜样,典范;清晰,清晰度,鲜明度;definitions

37. exclude [ɪksˈkluːd] vt. (故意)不包括,把……排除在外;认为……不可能,排除……的可能;阻挡;开除(学生);防止……的发生;excludes;excluding;excluded;excluded

38. stability [stəˈbɪlɪtɪ] n. 稳定(性),稳固(性);坚定,恒心;stabilities

39. growth [grəʊθ] n. 成长,生长;增长,发展;肿瘤,赘生物;生长物,产物;种植,栽培 adj. 发展的,增长的;growths

40. foremost [ˈfɔːməʊst] adj. 最前的,最重要的 adv. 首先,第一;最基础地,最重要地

41. bias [ˈbaɪəs] n. 偏见,成见;偏好,天赋;倾向,趋势;斜纹;(统计)偏差,偏倚;偏重心球形;偏压,偏统 v. 使有偏见,使偏心;加偏压(或偏流)于 adj. 偏斜的 adv. 偏斜地 【名】 (bias)(英)拜厄斯,(法、德、葡、喀)比亚斯(人名);biases;biases;biasses;biasing;biassing;biased;biassed;biased;biassed

42. shift [ʃɪft] v. (使)移动,(使)转移;(使)转换到(另一个人或另一事物);(使)改变意见(或信仰等);赶快;换(挡);(计算机)移位;按(计算机键盘上的)shift 键;摆脱,消除;(尤指大量)销售,出售;狼吞虎咽地吃;含糊其辞,拐弯抹角 n. 改变,转变;轮班工作时间;轮班工作的人;(计算机键盘上的)shift 键;(计算机)移位;(机动车的)换挡装置;宽松直筒连衣裙(=shift dress);长而宽松的内衣;(建筑)错位;(美橄)(开赛前)球员位置的变换;(天文)(光谱线的)偏移;语音演变(soun. shift 的简称);计谋,诡计;shifts;shifts;shifting;shifted;shifted

43. dignity [ˈdɪgnɪtɪ] n. 尊严,自尊;庄严,端庄,庄重;尊贵,高贵,高尚;高位,显职;dignities

44. inclusive [ɪnˈkluːsɪv] adj. 包容广阔的;包括一切费用在内的;包括的,包含的;无性别歧视的;对外开放的

45. regardless [rɪˈgɑːdlɪs] adv. 不顾,不加理会;不管怎样,无论如何 adj. 不管的,不注意的

46. define [dɪˈfaɪn] v. 给……下定义,解释;阐明,使清楚;标明……界限,明确显出……轮廓;是……的特征,为……的特色 【名】 (define)(英)德法恩,(葡)德菲内(人名);defines;defining;defined;defined

47. expectation [ˌekspekˈteɪʃən] n. 期待,预期;期望,指望;expectations

48. deny [dɪˈnaɪ] v. 否认;拒绝承认;拒绝给予;denies;denying;denied;denied




外刊双语剪 考研阅读精选 ↓↓
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开始比阅

0参考↓■Double, 双人间; ■Standard, 标准; ■Aging, 衰老; ■Women, 女人;

The Double Standard of Aging for Women

▲参考单词↑↓翻译&考纲单词▼

女性衰老的双重标准

1参考↓■Ageism, 年龄歧视; ■leads, 引导; ■fixation, 固定; ■youth, 青年; ■beauty, 美丽; ■especially, 尤其地; ■women, 女人;

Ageism leads to a fixation on youth and beauty, especially for women.

年龄歧视导致人们执着于青春和美貌,尤其是对于女性而言。

2参考↓■Posted, 张贴; ■November, 十一月; ■Reviewed, 检验过的; ■Davia, 达维亚; ■Sills, 窗台;

Posted November 22, 2024 |  Reviewed by Davia Sills

发布于 2024 年 11 月 22 日 |  评论者:Davia Sills

3参考↓■Women, 女人; ■experience, 经验; ■pressure, 压力; ■maintain, 保持; ■youthful, 年轻的; ■appearance, 外观; ■through, 通过; ■every, 每一个; ■stage, 阶段; ■lifeIn, 生活在; ■double, 双重的; ■standard, 标准; ■respected, 受人尊敬的; ■while, 虽然; ■women's, 妇女; ■value, 价值; ■their, 他们的; ■appearanceThere's, 外观这里; ■tendency, 趋势; ■associate, 联合; ■aging, 衰老; ■decline, 下降; ■women, 女人; ■while, 虽然; ■wisdom, 智慧; ■successThe, 成功The; ■fixation, 固定; ■youth, 青年; ■beauty, 美丽; ■women, 女人; ■often, 经常; ■takes, 拿; ■psychological, 心理的; ■emotional, 情感的;

Women experience pressure to maintain a youthful appearance through every stage of life.In a double standard, men are more respected as they age, while women's value lies in their appearance.There's a tendency to associate aging with decline for women, while for men it's a sign of wisdom and success.The fixation on youth and beauty for women often takes a psychological and emotional toll.

女性在人生的每个阶段都面临着保持年轻外表的压力。在双重标准下,男性随着年龄增长而更受尊重,而女性的价值则在于外表。人们倾向于将衰老与女性的衰退联系起来,而对于男性来说,衰老是智慧和成功的标志。女性对青春和美貌的执着往往会带来心理和情感上的损害。

1. maintain [menˈteɪn] v. 保持,维持;维修,保养;断言,主张;赡养,抚养;支持,维护;maintains;maintaining;maintained;maintained

2. tendency [ˈtendənsɪ] n. 经常性行为,偏好;趋势,趋向;(性格中不良的)倾向;(政党内的)极端派别;tendencies

3. associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v. 联想,联系;支持,同意;交往,(尤指)混在一起 n. 同事,伙伴;副学士,准学士;副职,副手;准会员;联想 adj. 副的,准的,非正式的;联合的,有关连的;associates;associates;associating;associated;associated

4. toll [təʊl] n. (道路、桥梁等的)通行费;长途电话费;(事故、灾难、战争等的)伤亡人数;严重的不良影响;(缓慢的)钟声 v. (缓慢地)敲(钟),鸣(钟);鸣钟告知;收取(桥梁或道路的)通行费;tolls;tolls;tolling;toling;tolled;toled;tolled;toled

4参考↓■month, 月; ■celebrated, 著名的; ■birthday, 生日; ■years, 年; ■birthdays, 生日; ■celebration, 庆祝活动; ■reflection, 反射; ■excitement, 兴奋; ■always, 总是; ■loved, 爱; ■birthday, 生日; ■year’s, 年份; ■celebration, 庆祝活动; ■frustration, 挫折感; ■particularly, 尤其; ■comments, 评论; ■received, 收到; ■about, 关于; ■Don’t, 不要; ■worry, 担心; ■don’t, 不要; ■You’re, 你是; ■going, 去; ■start, 开始; ■covering, 覆盖物; ■those, 那些; ■greys, 灰色; ■didn’t, 没有; ■another, 另一个; ■birthday, 生日; ■These, 这些; ■remarks, 评论; ■heard, 听到; ■well-meaning, 善意; ■friends, 朋友; ■acquaintances, 熟人; ■while, 虽然; ■meant, 意味; ■light-hearted, 轻松愉快; ■feeling, 感觉; ■disheartened, 灰心丧气; ■frankly, 坦率地说; ■frustrated, 沮丧的;

This month, I celebrated a birthday. Most years, my birthdays are a time of celebration, reflection, and excitement—I have always loved my birthday. But this year’s celebration came with a dose of frustration, particularly when it came to the comments I received about my age: “Don’t worry, you don’t look your age!” You’re going to have to start covering up those greys!” “I bet you didn’t want another birthday, huh?” These were just a few of the remarks I heard from well-meaning friends and acquaintances, and while I know they were meant to be light-hearted, they left me feeling disheartened and, frankly, frustrated.

这个月,我庆祝了生日。大多数年份,我的生日都是庆祝、反思和兴奋的时刻——我一直都很喜欢我的生日。但今年的生日却让我感到沮丧,尤其是当我收到关于我年龄的评论时:“别担心,你看起来不像你的年龄!”你得开始遮盖那些白发了!”“我敢打赌你不想再过生日了,是吧?”这些只是我从好心的朋友和熟人那里听到的一些评论,虽然我知道这些评论本意是轻松的,但它们却让我感到沮丧,坦率地说,让我感到沮丧。

5. reflection [rɪˈflekʃən] n. (光、热或声音的)反射;反射光,反射热,回声;(反射出来的)影像,倒影;深思,反省;(尤指见诸语言的)想法,意见;表现,反映;坏的印象;(数)镜射,反射;reflections

6. excitement [ɪkˈsaɪtmənt] n. 令人激动(或兴奋)的事,刺激因素;激动,兴奋;性兴奋;excitements

7. dose [dəʊs] n. 一剂,一服;一次,一点;花柳病 v. 给……服药;掺入 【名】 (dose)(英)多斯,(德)多泽,(意、西、葡、塞)多塞(人名);doses;doses;dosing;dosed;dosed

8. bet [bet] v. 打赌,赌博;敢肯定 n. 下注;赌金;预计,猜想;有可能成功的人选(或备选行动) abbr. 在……之间(between. 【名】 (bet)(美)贝特(人名);bets;bets;betting;bet;betted;bet;betted

9. acquaintance [əˈkweɪntəns] n. 相识的人,泛泛之交;认识,相识;所知,了解;acquaintances

10. frustrate [frʌsˈtreɪt] v. 使懊恼,使沮丧;挫败,阻挠;受挫 adj. 痛苦的,受挫的;frustrates;frustrating;frustrated;frustrated

5参考↓■assumption, 假设; ■wouldn’t, 不会的; ■celebrate, 庆祝; ■birthday, 生日; ■should, 应该; ■distressed, 苦恼; ■growing, 增长的; ■older, 老年人; ■rooted, 扎根的; ■larger, 更大的; ■narrative, 叙述的; ■about, 关于; ■aging, 衰老; ■should, 应该; ■fight, 战斗; ■always, 总是; ■strive, 努力; ■appear, 出现; ■younger, 较年轻的; ■While, 虽然; ■message, 消息; ■ageism, 年龄歧视; ■received, 收到; ■genders, 性别; ■society, 社会; ■harder, 更努力; ■women, 女人;

The assumption that I wouldn’t want to celebrate my birthday or that I should be distressed by growing older is rooted in a larger narrative about aging: that we should fear it, fight it, and always strive to appear younger. While this message on ageism is received by all genders, society is far harder on women.

我不想庆祝生日或应该为变老而苦恼的假设根源于对衰老的更大叙事:我们应该害怕它、与之抗争,并始终努力让自己显得更年轻。虽然所有性别都接受了这种关于年龄歧视的信息,但社会对女性的歧视要严厉得多。

11. assumption [əˈsʌmpʃən] n. 假定,假设;取得,承担;assumptions

12. distress [dɪsˈtres] n. 忧虑,悲伤;贫困;危难,险情;(肉体的)剧痛 v. 使悲伤,使忧虑;使(家具,皮革)有仿磨损的痕迹;distresses;distressing;distressed;distressed

13. narrative [ˈnærətɪv] n. 记叙文,叙述;叙事技巧 adj. 叙述的;叙事体的;narratives

14. strive [straɪv] v. 努力,力争;斗争,反抗;strives;striving;strove;strived;striven;strived

15. gender [ˈdʒendə] n. 性别;(语法中的)性;(总称)男性,女性;genders;genders;gendering;gendered;gendered

6参考↓■Double, 双人间; ■Standard, 标准;

The Double Standard

双重标准

7参考↓■aging, 衰老; ■societal, 社会的; ■issue, 问题; ■that’s, 那是; ■loaded, 加载; ■women, 女人; ■early, 早期的; ■women, 女人; ■socialized, 社会化; ■value, 价值; ■youth, 青年; ■beauty, 美丽; ■above, 在上面; ■almost, 几乎; ■anything, 任何东西; ■else3, 其他3; ■pressure, 压力; ■maintain, 保持; ■youthful, 年轻的; ■appearance, 外观; ■persists, 持续存在; ■through, 通过; ■every, 每一个; ■stage, 阶段; ■life12, 生活12; ■contrast, 对比; ■particularly, 尤其; ■often, 经常; ■celebrated, 著名的; ■things, 东西; ■women, 女人; ■criticized, 批评; ■gaining, 获得; ■weight, 重量; ■showing, 显示; ■wrinkles, 皱纹; ■graying, 灰色化; ■There, 那里; ■societal, 社会的; ■tendency, 趋势; ■associate, 联合; ■aging, 衰老; ■decline, 下降; ■women, 女人; ■while, 虽然; ■often, 经常; ■wisdom, 智慧; ■success, 成功; ■gravitas, 重力;

In many ways, aging is a societal issue that’s far more loaded for women than for men. From an early age, women are socialized to value youth and beauty above almost anything else,3 and this pressure to maintain a youthful appearance persists through every stage of life1,2. In contrast, men, particularly as they age, are often celebrated for the very things women are criticized for—like gaining weight, showing wrinkles, or graying hair. There is a societal tendency to associate aging with decline for women, while for men, it’s often seen as a sign of wisdom, success, and gravitas.

从很多方面来看,衰老是一个社会问题,对女性的影响远大于对男性的影响。从很小的时候起,女性就被社会化为重视青春和美貌胜过一切,3这种保持年轻外表的压力贯穿了人生的每个阶段1,2。相比之下,男性,尤其是随着年龄的增长,往往会因为女性被批评的事情而受到赞扬——比如体重增加、出现皱纹或白发。社会倾向于将衰老与女性的衰退联系起来,而对于男性来说,衰老通常被视为智慧、成功和庄重的标志。

1. maintain [menˈteɪn] v. 保持,维持;维修,保养;断言,主张;赡养,抚养;支持,维护;maintains;maintaining;maintained;maintained

2. tendency [ˈtendənsɪ] n. 经常性行为,偏好;趋势,趋向;(性格中不良的)倾向;(政党内的)极端派别;tendencies

3. associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v. 联想,联系;支持,同意;交往,(尤指)混在一起 n. 同事,伙伴;副学士,准学士;副职,副手;准会员;联想 adj. 副的,准的,非正式的;联合的,有关连的;associates;associates;associating;associated;associated

16. issue [ˈɪsjuː] n. 议题,争论点;(报纸、杂志等的)期,号;发放,分配;(新股票或邮票等的)发行;子女,后嗣;流出,发出;结果,后果 v. 发表,颁布;分发,分配;正式发行;流出,发出;由……产生,由……得出;issues;issues;issuing;issued;issued

17. persist [pə(ː)ˈsɪst] v. 继续存在,持续;坚持,执意;坚持说,反复说;persists;persisting;persisted;persisted

18. criticize [ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz] v. 批评,指责;评论;criticizes;criticizing;criticized;criticized

19. wrinkle [ˈrɪŋkl] n. (皮肤上的)皱纹;(布或纸上的)皱褶; 小困难,小难题;令人吃惊的情节,出人意料的事情;妙计,好主意 v. (使脸上)起皱纹,皱起;(布料等)起皱,起褶;wrinkles;wrinkles;wrinkling;wrinkled;wrinkled

8参考↓■struck, 被击中; ■different, 不同的; ■reactions, 反应; ■partner, 搭档; ■birthday, 生日; ■earlier, 早期的; ■might, 可以; ■occasional, 偶尔的; ■remark, 评论; ■about, 关于; ■appearance, 外观; ■didn’t, 没有; ■control, 控制; ■narrative, 叙述的; ■Instead, 相反; ■simply, 简单地; ■wished, 希望; ■people, 人; ■celebrated, 著名的; ■would, 将; ■other, 其他;

What struck me most was how different the reactions were when my partner, who is the same age, had his birthday earlier in the year. He might have had the occasional remark about his age or appearance, but it didn’t control the narrative. Instead, he was simply wished well, and people celebrated his day as they would any other.

最让我吃惊的是,当我的伴侣今年早些时候过生日时,人们的反应截然不同。他可能偶尔会谈论他的年龄或长相,但这并不影响人们的情绪。相反,人们只是向他致以祝福,并像庆祝其他任何人一样庆祝他的生日。

13. narrative [ˈnærətɪv] n. 记叙文,叙述;叙事技巧 adj. 叙述的;叙事体的;narratives

20. occasional [əˈkeɪʒnəl] adj. 偶尔的,不经常的;(家具)特定场合才使用的; (文章、演讲或宗教仪式等)在特殊场合所作的,为特殊场合所准备的;非定时的,临时的

9参考↓■though, 虽然; ■aging, 衰老; ■something, 某物; ■should, 应该; ■ashamed, 惭愧的; ■anything, 任何东西; ■authority, 权威; ■career, 职业; ■reinforcing, 加固; ■these, 这些; ■standards, 标准;

No one made him feel as though aging was something he should be ashamed of. If anything, he is seen as more of an authority in his career, reinforcing that men are not held to these same standards.

没有人让他觉得变老是一件可耻的事情。相反,他被视为自己事业上的权威,这进一步证明了男性不必遵守同样的标准。

21. career [kəˈrɪə] n. 职业,事业;职业生涯;速度,行程 adj. 就业的,职业的;终身从事的 v. 猛冲;careers;careers;careering;careered;careered

10参考↓■Pressure, 压力; ■Least, 最少; ■Don’t, 不要;

The Pressure to Not Age—or at Least Look Like We Don’t

保持年轻,或者至少看起来不老的压力


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11参考↓■comments, 评论; ■received, 收到; ■about, 关于; ■birthday, 生日; ■illustrate, 说明; ■double, 双重的; ■standard, 标准; ■perfectly, 完美; ■people, 人; ■don’t, 不要; ■underlying, 潜在的; ■message, 消息; ■clear, 清楚的; ■Aging, 衰老; ■isn’t, 不是; ■something, 某物; ■embraced, 拥抱; ■celebrated, 著名的; ■something, 某物; ■avoided, 避免; ■costs, 成本;

The comments I received about my birthday and my age illustrate this double standard perfectly. When people tell me, “You don’t look your age,” the underlying message is clear: Aging isn’t something to be embraced or celebrated; it’s something to be avoided at all costs.

我收到的关于我的生日和年龄的评论完美地说明了这种双重标准。当人们告诉我,“你看起来不像你的年龄”时,潜在的信息很明确:衰老不是一件值得接受或庆祝的事情;它是应该不惜一切代价避免的事情。

23. illustrate [ˈɪləstreɪt] v. 加插图于;说明,阐明;证明,证实;illustrates;illustrating;illustrated;illustrated

25. underlying [ˈʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ] adj. 根本的,潜在的;表面下的,下层的;优先的;(数量或水平)实际的 v. 位于…的下面;构成…的基础(underlie 的现在分词形式)

26. embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs] v. 拥抱;欣然接受,乐意采纳;包括,涉及;围绕,环绕 n. 拥抱;接受,信奉;embraces;embraces;embracing;embraced;embraced

12参考↓■implication, 含义; ■women, 女人; ■should, 应该; ■somehow, 以某种方式; ■natural, 自然的; ■course, 课程; ■gracefully, 优雅; ■looking, 看; ■young, 年轻的; ■possible, 可能的; ■possible, 可能的; ■contrast, 对比; ■man’s, 男人的; ■value, 价值; ■rarely, 很少地; ■based, 基于; ■looks, 看; ■alone, 单独地; ■often, 经常; ■respect, 尊重; ■recognition, 识别; ■while, 虽然; ■women, 女人; ■themselves, 他们自己; ■pushed, 推; ■margins, 利润率; ■older2, 年长2;

The implication is that women should somehow defy the natural course of time. If you do age, you must do so gracefully—by looking as young as possible for as long as possible. In contrast, a man’s value is rarely based on his looks alone. In fact, men often gain more respect and recognition as they age, while women can find themselves pushed to the margins as they grow older2.

言下之意是,女性应该以某种方式对抗自然的衰老。如果你真的变老了,你必须优雅地变老——尽可能长时间地保持年轻。相比之下,男性的价值很少仅仅取决于他的外表。事实上,男性往往随着年龄的增长而获得更多的尊重和认可,而女性则可能发现自己随着年龄的增长而被推到了边缘2。

27. implication [ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃən] n. 可能的影响(或作用、结果);含意,暗指;牵连,涉及;implications

28. defy [dɪˈfaɪ] v. 违抗,不服从;挑战,激;无法,难以(描述或理解);经受住,顶住;defies;defies;defying;defied;defied

29. rarely [ˈreəlɪ] adv. 罕有,很少;异乎寻常地,极度

30. recognition [ˌrekəgˈnɪʃən] n. 承认,接受;表彰,赞誉;认出,识别;(政府对他国的)外交认可;recognitions

31. margin [ˈmɑːdʒɪn] n. 页边空白;差额,幅度;盈余,利润;余地,备用的时间(或空间、金钱等);边缘,非主体部分;保证金,押金;额外报酬 v. 给……加上边;预付定金,交押金;页边做注释或总结 【名】 (margin)(俄、意)马尔金(人名);margins;margins;margining;margined;margined

13参考↓■fixation, 固定; ■youth, 青年; ■beauty, 美丽; ■women, 女人; ■often, 经常; ■takes, 拿; ■psychological, 心理的; ■emotional, 情感的; ■Women, 女人; ■frequently, 频繁地; ■overtly, 公然; ■subtly, 微妙地; ■their, 他们的; ■value, 价值; ■their, 他们的; ■appearance3, 外观3; ■older, 老年人; ■constant, 常数; ■reminder, 提醒; ■longer, 比较长的; ■ideal, 理想的; ■woman, 女人; ■society’s, 社会的;

The fixation on youth and beauty for women often takes a psychological and emotional toll. Women are frequently told, both overtly and subtly, that their value lies in their appearance3. As we get older, this can feel like a constant reminder that we are no longer the “ideal” woman in society’s eyes.

女性对青春和美貌的执着往往会带来心理和情感上的伤害。人们经常会明里暗里地告诉女性,她们的价值在于外表3。随着年龄的增长,这种说法似乎不断提醒我们,我们不再是社会眼中的“理想”女性。

4. toll [təʊl] n. (道路、桥梁等的)通行费;长途电话费;(事故、灾难、战争等的)伤亡人数;严重的不良影响;(缓慢的)钟声 v. (缓慢地)敲(钟),鸣(钟);鸣钟告知;收取(桥梁或道路的)通行费;tolls;tolls;tolling;toling;tolled;toled;tolled;toled

32. ideal [aɪˈdɪəl] adj. 理想的,最佳的;想象的,不切实际的 n. 理想;典范,完美典型;ideals

14参考↓■manifest, 显示; ■everything, 一切; ■workplace, 工作场所; ■dynamics, 动力学; ■where, 哪里; ■older, 老年人; ■women, 女人; ■often, 经常; ■overlooked, 被忽视; ■underappreciated, 被低估; ■media, 媒体; ■portrayals, 肖像画; ■glorify, 荣耀; ■youth, 青年; ■villainize, 恶棍化; ■aging, 衰老; ■Advertisements, 广告; ■anti-aging, 抗老化; ■creams, 乳霜; ■treatments, 治疗; ■constantly, 不断地; ■bombard, 轰炸; ■messages, 信息; ■suggest, 建议; ■aging, 衰老; ■something, 某物; ■fight, 战斗; ■against, 反对; ■comment, 评论; ■about, 关于; ■needing, 需要; ■cover, 盖; ■those, 那些; ■greys, 灰色; ■further, 进一步的; ■illustrates, 图解说明;

That can manifest in everything from workplace dynamics—where older women are often overlooked or underappreciated—to media portrayals that glorify youth and villainize aging. Advertisements for anti-aging creams and treatments constantly bombard us with messages that suggest aging is something we need to fight against. The comment about me soon needing to “cover up those greys” further illustrates this.

这种现象体现在方方面面,从职场动态(年长女性经常被忽视或低估)到媒体美化青春、将衰老妖魔化的描述。抗衰老霜和治疗广告不断向我们灌输这样的信息:衰老是我们需要对抗的。关于我很快就需要“掩盖那些白发”的评论进一步说明了这一点。

23. illustrate [ˈɪləstreɪt] v. 加插图于;说明,阐明;证明,证实;illustrates;illustrating;illustrated;illustrated

33. manifest [ˈmænɪfest] v. 显示,表明;(鬼魂或神灵)显灵,出现;(病症)显现;把……列入货单 adj. 明显的,显而易见的 n. 旅客名单,载货清单;货运列车编组清单;manifests;manifests;manifesting;manifested;manifested

34. dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk] adj. 充满活力的,精力充沛的;动态的,发展变化的;力的,动力的 n. 动力,活力;相互作用,动态;动力学;dynamics

15参考↓■pressure, 压力; ■especially, 尤其地; ■suffocating, 令人窒息; ■women, 女人; ■their, 他们的; ■beyond, 超过; ■media’s, 媒体的; ■narrow, 狭窄的; ■definitions, 定义; ■beauty, 美丽; ■often, 经常; ■exclude, 排除; ■those, 那些; ■longer, 比较长的; ■young, 年轻的; ■partner, 搭档; ■doesn’t, 没有; ■receive, 接收; ■pressures, 压力; ■because, 因为; ■society’s, 社会的; ■aging, 衰老; ■problematic, 有问题的; ■issue, 问题; ■experience, 经验; ■aging, 衰老; ■maturity, 成熟度; ■stability, 稳定性; ■authority, 权威; ■however, 然而; ■treated, 治疗; ■something, 某物; ■mitigated, 减轻; ■softened, 软化;

The pressure can be especially suffocating for women who are in their 30s, 40s, and beyond, as the media’s narrow definitions of beauty often exclude those who are no longer young. My partner, who is the same age as me, doesn’t receive the same pressures because, in society’s eyes, aging is a less problematic issue for him. His experience of aging is one of maturity, stability, and even authority. For me, however, my age is treated as something to be mitigated and softened.

对于 30 多岁、40 多岁甚至更大的女性来说,这种压力尤其令人窒息,因为媒体对美的狭隘定义往往将那些不再年轻的人排除在外。我的伴侣和我同龄,他没有受到同样的压力,因为在社会眼中,衰老对他来说不是一个问题。他对衰老的体验是成熟、稳定,甚至是权威。然而,对我来说,我的年龄被视为需要缓和和软化的东西。

16. issue [ˈɪsjuː] n. 议题,争论点;(报纸、杂志等的)期,号;发放,分配;(新股票或邮票等的)发行;子女,后嗣;流出,发出;结果,后果 v. 发表,颁布;分发,分配;正式发行;流出,发出;由……产生,由……得出;issues;issues;issuing;issued;issued

36. definition [ˌdefɪˈnɪʃən] n. 定义,释义;榜样,典范;清晰,清晰度,鲜明度;definitions

37. exclude [ɪksˈkluːd] vt. (故意)不包括,把……排除在外;认为……不可能,排除……的可能;阻挡;开除(学生);防止……的发生;excludes;excluding;excluded;excluded

38. stability [stəˈbɪlɪtɪ] n. 稳定(性),稳固(性);坚定,恒心;stabilities

16参考↓■Identity, 身份;

Age and Identity

年龄和身份

17参考↓■Aging, 衰老; ■growth, 生长; ■experience, 经验; ■wisdom, 智慧; ■gained, 获得; ■years, 年; ■older, 老年人; ■comfortable, 舒适的; ■confident, 自信的; ■become, 成为; ■empowered, 授权; ■aspects, 方面; ■Although, 虽然; ■smoother, 更平滑; ■longer, 比较长的; ■younger, 较年轻的; ■years, 年; ■filled, 填满; ■trauma, 创伤; ■stress, 强调; ■While, 虽然; ■grateful, 感激的; ■experiences, 经验; ■lessons, 教训; ■learned, 有学问的; ■would, 将; ■trade, 贸易; ■places, 地点; ■younger, 较年轻的;

Aging, for me, is a sign of growth, of experience, and of the wisdom I’ve gained over the years. In fact, I find that the older I get, the more comfortable I am in my own skin, the more confident I become, and the more empowered I feel in all aspects of my life. Although my face may have been smoother and my hair longer, my younger years were filled with so much trauma and stress. While I am so grateful for my experiences and the lessons I learned, I would not trade places with younger me.

对我来说,衰老是成长、经验和多年积累的智慧的标志。事实上,我发现年龄越大,我越能适应自己的状态,越自信,在生活的各个方面越有力量。虽然我的脸可能更光滑,头发更长,但我年轻时却充满了太多的创伤和压力。虽然我很感激我的经历和我学到的教训,但我不会与年轻时的我交换位置。

39. growth [grəʊθ] n. 成长,生长;增长,发展;肿瘤,赘生物;生长物,产物;种植,栽培 adj. 发展的,增长的;growths

18参考↓■Changing, 改变; ■Narrative, 叙述的;

Changing the Narrative

改变叙事

13. narrative [ˈnærətɪv] n. 记叙文,叙述;叙事技巧 adj. 叙述的;叙事体的;narratives

19参考↓■begin, 开始; ■challenge, 挑战; ■these, 这些; ■ingrained, 根深蒂固; ■attitudes, 态度; ■societal, 社会的; ■double, 双重的; ■standards, 标准; ■exist, 存在; ■around, 围绕; ■aging, 衰老; ■First, 弗斯特; ■foremost, 最重要的; ■starts, 开始; ■acknowledging, 承认; ■discrimination, 歧视; ■especially, 尤其地; ■women, 女人; ■shift, 转移; ■narrative, 叙述的; ■equating, 相等; ■youth, 青年; ■worth, 值得的; ■value, 价值; ■women, 女人; ■should, 应该; ■allowed, 允许; ■dignity, 尊严; ■celebrate, 庆祝; ■milestones, 里程碑; ■without, 没有; ■added, 补充; ■pressure, 压力; ■different, 不同的; ■younger, 较年轻的;

How can we begin to challenge these ingrained attitudes and the societal double standards that exist around aging? First and foremost, it starts with acknowledging the bias and discrimination that we, especially women, face as they age. We need to shift the narrative away from equating youth with worth and value. As women, we should be allowed to age with dignity and celebrate the milestones that come with it without the added pressure to look, act, or feel any different than we did when we were younger.

我们如何才能开始挑战这些根深蒂固的态度以及围绕衰老的社会双重标准?首先,我们要承认我们,尤其是女性,在衰老过程中面临的偏见和歧视。我们需要改变将青春与价值等同起来的观念。作为女性,我们应该有尊严地老去,庆祝随之而来的里程碑,而不必承受额外的压力,要求自己看起来、行为或感觉与年轻时有任何不同。

13. narrative [ˈnærətɪv] n. 记叙文,叙述;叙事技巧 adj. 叙述的;叙事体的;narratives

40. foremost [ˈfɔːməʊst] adj. 最前的,最重要的 adv. 首先,第一;最基础地,最重要地

41. bias [ˈbaɪəs] n. 偏见,成见;偏好,天赋;倾向,趋势;斜纹;(统计)偏差,偏倚;偏重心球形;偏压,偏统 v. 使有偏见,使偏心;加偏压(或偏流)于 adj. 偏斜的 adv. 偏斜地 【名】 (bias)(英)拜厄斯,(法、德、葡、喀)比亚斯(人名);biases;biases;biasses;biasing;biassing;biased;biassed;biased;biassed

42. shift [ʃɪft] v. (使)移动,(使)转移;(使)转换到(另一个人或另一事物);(使)改变意见(或信仰等);赶快;换(挡);(计算机)移位;按(计算机键盘上的)shift 键;摆脱,消除;(尤指大量)销售,出售;狼吞虎咽地吃;含糊其辞,拐弯抹角 n. 改变,转变;轮班工作时间;轮班工作的人;(计算机键盘上的)shift 键;(计算机)移位;(机动车的)换挡装置;宽松直筒连衣裙(=shift dress);长而宽松的内衣;(建筑)错位;(美橄)(开赛前)球员位置的变换;(天文)(光谱线的)偏移;语音演变(soun. shift 的简称);计谋,诡计;shifts;shifts;shifting;shifted;shifted

43. dignity [ˈdɪgnɪtɪ] n. 尊严,自尊;庄严,端庄,庄重;尊贵,高贵,高尚;高位,显职;dignities

20参考↓■advocate, 辩护律师; ■inclusive, 包容的; ■representations, 陈述; ■women, 女人; ■media, 媒体; ■public, 公众的; ■women, 女人; ■confident, 自信的; ■empowered, 授权; ■regardless, 不管; ■their, 他们的; ■Society, 社会; ■needs, 需要; ■beyond, 超过; ■woman’s, 女人的; ■worth, 值得的; ■appearance, 外观; ■instead, 相反; ■recognize, 认出; ■contributions, 贡献; ■achievements, 成就; ■lived, 生活; ■experiences, 经验; ■define, 定义;

We also need to advocate for more inclusive representations of women in media and public life—women who are confident, empowered, and real, regardless of their age. Society needs to move beyond the idea that a woman’s worth is tied to her appearance and instead recognize that our contributions, achievements, and lived experiences are what define us.

我们还需要倡导在媒体和公共生活中更加包容地展现女性形象——无论年龄大小,女性都是自信、有力量、真实的。社会需要摆脱女性价值与外表挂钩的观念,而是认识到我们的贡献、成就和生活经历才是定义我们的因素。

44. inclusive [ɪnˈkluːsɪv] adj. 包容广阔的;包括一切费用在内的;包括的,包含的;无性别歧视的;对外开放的

45. regardless [rɪˈgɑːdlɪs] adv. 不顾,不加理会;不管怎样,无论如何 adj. 不管的,不注意的

46. define [dɪˈfaɪn] v. 给……下定义,解释;阐明,使清楚;标明……界限,明确显出……轮廓;是……的特征,为……的特色 【名】 (define)(英)德法恩,(葡)德菲内(人名);defines;defining;defined;defined

21参考↓■change, 改变; ■conversation, 会话; ■around, 围绕; ■aging, 衰老; ■especially, 尤其地; ■women, 女人; ■challenge, 挑战; ■these, 这些; ■societal, 社会的; ■expectations, 期望; ■celebrate, 庆祝; ■natural, 自然的; ■progression, 进展; ■matter, 问题; ■candles, 蜡烛; ■Aging, 衰老; ■something, 某物; ■feared, 害怕; ■denied, 否认; ■something, 某物; ■embraced, 拥抱;

We need to change the conversation around aging, especially for women. It’s time we challenge these societal expectations and celebrate the natural progression of life, no matter how many candles are on the cake. Aging is not something to be feared or denied, but something to be embraced.

我们需要改变关于衰老的讨论,尤其是针对女性。现在是时候挑战这些社会期望,庆祝生命的自然发展,无论蛋糕上有多少支蜡烛。衰老不是一件需要害怕或否认的事情,而是一件需要接受的事情。

26. embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs] v. 拥抱;欣然接受,乐意采纳;包括,涉及;围绕,环绕 n. 拥抱;接受,信奉;embraces;embraces;embracing;embraced;embraced

47. expectation [ˌekspekˈteɪʃən] n. 期待,预期;期望,指望;expectations










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