外刊双语比阅:《卫报》对教师短缺的看法

教育   2024-09-20 07:58   山东  
外刊双比阅
2024年9月20日

备考加油 一战成硕



The Guardian view on the teacher shortage: 

flexibility and career breaks could help

To tackle staff shortages, jobs in schools and other public services must be made more attractive

Thu 19 Sep 2024 18.53 BST









考纲单词预背

1. shortage [ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ] n. 短缺,不足;shortages

2. career [kəˈrɪə] n. 职业,事业;职业生涯;速度,行程 adj. 就业的,职业的;终身从事的 v. 猛冲;careers;careers;careering;careered;careered

3. tackle [ˈtækl] v. 应付,解决(难题或局面);与……交涉;(足球、曲棍球等比赛中)抢断;(橄榄球等比赛中)擒抱并摔倒(对方球员);擒获;对付,打(尤指罪犯);质问,责问;反对,反抗 n. (足球等中的)抢断球;(橄榄球或美式足球)擒抱摔倒;(美式足球中的)阻截队员;体育器械,(尤指)渔具;(吊起重物用的)索具,滑轮;男性性器官;tackles;tackles;tackling;tackled;tackled

4. fund [fʌnd] n. 基金,专款;资金,钱款;基金会;储备量 v. 资助,为……提供资金 【名】 (fund))(德)丰德(人名);funds;funds;funding;funded;funded

5. charity [ˈtʃærɪtɪ] n. 慈善组织,慈善机构;慈善事业;仁慈,宽厚;赈济,施舍;charities

6. imperative [ɪmˈperətɪv] adj. 极重要的,必要的;命令的,强制的;祈使的 n. 重要紧急的事,必要的事;祈使语气,祈使语气动词;命令;imperatives

7. associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v. 联想,联系;支持,同意;交往,(尤指)混在一起 n. 同事,伙伴;副学士,准学士;副职,副手;准会员;联想 adj. 副的,准的,非正式的;联合的,有关连的;associates;associates;associating;associated;associated

8. accord [əˈkɔːd] n. 协议,条约;符合,一致 v. 使受到,给予(某种待遇);(与……)一致,符合;accords;accords;according;accorded;accorded

9. survey [sɜːˈveɪ] n. 民意调查,民意测验;考察,调查;(对课题或情况的)全面考察,概述;测量,勘测;测绘图,勘测记录;测量部门;(尤指为欲购房者所做的)房屋鉴定;查勘报告 v. 做民意测验,做民意调查;(尤指认真地)审视,检查;测量,勘测;(尤指为可能的买家)查勘,检视(建筑物的状况);全面评述,概述;surveys;surveys;surveying;surveyed;surveyed

10. overall [ˈəʊvərɔːl] adj. 总的,全面的;所有的,包括一切的 adv. 全部,总共;总的说来,大体上 n. (工作时穿的)罩衣;(上下连身的)工作服,防护服(overalls);背带工装裤(overalls);骑马裤,紧身制服裤(overalls);overalls

11. academy [əˈkædəmɪ] n. 专科院校;研究院,学会;(美国的)私立学校;(苏格兰的)中等学校;academies

12. revive [rɪˈvaɪv] v. (使)复原,(使)复苏;重新唤起,重新记起;重新使用,使复兴;重新上演;revives;reviving;revived;revived

13. improvement [ɪmˈpruːvmənt] n. 改善;改进之处;improvements

14. expectation [ˌekspekˈteɪʃən] n. 期待,预期;期望,指望;expectations

15. employment [ɪmˈplɔɪmənt] n. 雇用;使用,利用;工作,就业;就业人数;employments

16. compel [kəmˈpel] v. 强迫,迫使;使发生,促使;驱赶 【名】 (compel)(法)孔佩尔(人名);compels;compelling;compelled;compelled

17. eliminate [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt] v. 剔除,根除;对……不予考虑,把……排除在外;(比赛中)淘汰;铲除,杀害;(生理)排除,排泄;消去;eliminates;eliminating;eliminated;eliminated

18. norm [nɔːm] n. 社会准则,行为规范;标准,平均水平;常态,平常事物;模方;诺姆(指整日呆在家中看电视的懒人,尤指看体育节目);norms;norms;norming;normed;normed

19. occasional [əˈkeɪʒnəl] adj. 偶尔的,不经常的;(家具)特定场合才使用的;(文章、演讲或宗教仪式等)在特殊场合所作的,为特殊场合所准备的;非定时的,临时的

20. retention [rɪˈtenʃən] n. 保持,保留;保存,存放;保持力,持续力;记忆力;(热量的)阻滞,(液体的)潴留;(对物质的)吸收和保持

21. exceptional [ɪkˈsepʃənl] adj. 卓越的,杰出的;不寻常的,罕见的;(心理或身体上)有缺陷的 n. (公司账目上的)异常项目

22. propose [prəˈpəʊz] v. 提议,建议;提出(理论或解释);提名,推荐;计划,打算;求婚;(向立法机构或委员会)提交(动议);提议祝(酒);proposes;proposing;proposed;proposed

23. boost [buːst] v. 使增长,推动;偷窃;宣扬,推广 n. 推动,促进;广告,宣扬 【名】 (boost)(英)布斯特,(德)博斯特(人名);boosts;boosts;boosting;boosted;boosted

24. equivalent [ɪˈkwɪvələnt] adj. 等同的,等效的 n. 对等的人(或事物),对应的人(或事物);当量(equivalen. weight);equivalents

25. employee [ˌemplɔɪˈɪː, ɪmˈplɔɪɪ] n. 雇员;employees

26. reasonable [ˈrɪːznəbl] adj. 有道理的,合情理的;(人)通情达理的,讲道理的;适度的,合适的;(价格)公道的;还算好的,尚可的;相当大的,(数量)不少的

27. premium [ˈprɪmjəm] n. 保险费;(正常价格或费用以外的)加付款,加价;很高的价值,额外价值;额外补贴,津贴;奖品,奖金;优质汽油(=premium gas) adj. 高价的,高品质的;premiums

28. conservative [kənˈsɜːvətɪv] adj. 保守的;保守派的,保守主义的(认为政府应该实行政治保守主义);(衣着)守旧的,传统的;低估的;保守党的;不愿冒险的,谨慎的 n. 保守者,因循守旧者;保守党党员,保守党支持者;conservatives

29. parallel [ˈpærəlel] adj. 平行的;相似的,同时发生的;(计算机)并行的;并联的 n. (人或事物的)相似的手法,共同点;相似的人(或物);(地球的)纬线,纬圈;(印刷)平行符号 v. 与……相似;与……同时发生;与……并行;与……相当,比得上 adv. 与……平行;parallels;parallels;paralleling;parallelling;paralleled;parallelled;paralleled;parallelled



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考研摸拟练习
The Guardian view on the teacher shortage: flexibility and career breaks could help
To tackle staff shortages, jobs in schools and other public services must be made more attractive
Thu 19 Sep 2024 18.53 BST
Without teachers, schools can’t do their job. Recognising the problems caused by shortages, Labour made the recruitment of 6,500 new ones a key plank of its education offer to voters in England – one funded by VAT on private school fees. Now a report from the charity Teach First, advocating flexibility and an entitlement to career breaks, attempts to flesh out what improved working conditions in English schools might look like. Given the difficulties faced by recruiters and the alarming drop-off rate – one in four new teachers last less than three years – it is imperative that ministers pay attention to such efforts and come up with a plan.
The 5.5% pay rise agreed this summer should make a difference – although not to teachers in further education colleges, who have once again been left out. But the stress associated with teaching, as well as the pay, is putting off potential entrants, according to a survey of 16- to 24-year-olds. So is the sense that school spending overall is too low. Some heads are already trying out giving staff more time to prepare lessons and the chance to work from home. One academy chain, Dixons, has introduced a nine-day fortnight. Another measure that was dropped by the last government, and ought to be revived, is the offer of paid sabbaticals – to support professional development and incentivise longer careers in teaching.
Like other workplace changes, these would have upfront costs. Career breaks would have to be covered by other staff. But by raising morale and reducing sickness and absences, better working conditions could be part of an overall improvement. If ministers are to succeed in making teaching “a go-to profession” for more graduates, as they aim to, they must be mindful of the changing nature of work, and the growing expectation of a degree of flexibility.
This would be in line with the thinking of the business secretary, Jonathan Reynolds, and employment experts including Sir Cary Cooper. This week Sir Cary said companies such as Amazon, which are compelling staff to return to the office full-time and eliminating home working, are “the dinosaurs of our age”. Mr Reynolds’ support for more flexible working, as part of the package of workers’ rights due to be announced next month, is similarly unequivocal.
Teachers are not office workers, however, and new norms and expectations around working life create particular challenges for organisations such as schools and hospitals – where home working can only ever be an occasional thing for staff in public-facing roles. Pay is one reason for staff shortages and retention difficulties in these areas. The demanding nature of the work is another. As one headteacher told the Guardian, teaching is a “performance profession” requiring exceptional composure. Earlier this year another educational charity proposed a pay boost for frontline workers such as teachers, equivalent to a 1.8% rise.
As more employees are granted increased flexibility, as they should be, it is reasonable to expect – and to hope – that less flexible jobs will in time come with a pay premium. It was among the serious failings of Conservative schools policy that problems of teacher recruitment and retention – as well as parallel difficulties in other public services – were not tackled.



外刊双语剪 考研阅读精选 ↓↓
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开始比阅

0参考↓■Guardian, 守护者; ■teacher, 老师; ■shortage, 短缺; ■flexibility, 灵活性; ■career, 职业; ■breaks, 打破; ■could, 能够;

The Guardian view on the teacher shortage: flexibility and career breaks could help

▲参考单词↑↓翻译&考纲单词▼

《卫报》对教师短缺的看法:灵活性和职业中断可能会有所帮助

1. shortage [ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ] n. 短缺,不足;shortages

2. career [kəˈrɪə] n. 职业,事业;职业生涯;速度,行程 adj. 就业的,职业的;终身从事的 v. 猛冲;careers;careers;careering;careered;careered

1参考↓■tackle, 解决; ■staff, 工作人员; ■shortages, 短缺; ■schools, 学校; ■other, 其他; ■public, 公众的; ■services, 服务; ■attractive, 有吸引力的;

To tackle staff shortages, jobs in schools and other public services must be made more attractive

为了解决人员短缺问题,必须提高学校和其他公共服务部门的职位吸引力

1. shortage [ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ] n. 短缺,不足;shortages

3. tackle [ˈtækl] v. 应付,解决(难题或局面);与……交涉;(足球、曲棍球等比赛中)抢断;(橄榄球等比赛中)擒抱并摔倒(对方球员);擒获;对付,打(尤指罪犯);质问,责问;反对,反抗 n. (足球等中的)抢断球;(橄榄球或美式足球)擒抱摔倒;(美式足球中的)阻截队员;体育器械,(尤指)渔具;(吊起重物用的)索具,滑轮;男性性器官;tackles;tackles;tackling;tackled;tackled

Thu 19 Sep 2024 18.53 BST

2024 年 9 月 19 日星期四 18.53 BST

3参考↓■Without, 没有; ■teachers, 教师; ■schools, 学校; ■can’t, 不能; ■their, 他们的; ■Recognising, 识别; ■problems, 问题; ■caused, 引起; ■shortages, 短缺; ■Labour, 劳动力; ■recruitment, 招聘; ■plank, 木板; ■education, 教育; ■offer, 提供; ■voters, 选民; ■England, 英格兰; ■funded, 提供资金; ■private, 私有的; ■school, 学校; ■report, 报告; ■charity, 慈善; ■Teach, 教学; ■First, 弗斯特; ■advocating, 倡导; ■flexibility, 灵活性; ■entitlement, 应享权利; ■career, 职业; ■breaks, 打破; ■attempts, 尝试; ■flesh, 肉; ■improved, 改进; ■working, 工作; ■conditions, 条件; ■English, 英语; ■schools, 学校; ■might, 可以; ■Given, 鉴于; ■difficulties, 困难; ■faced, 脸; ■recruiters, 招聘人员; ■alarming, 令人震惊; ■drop-off, 下车; ■teachers, 教师; ■three, 三; ■years, 年; ■imperative, 势在必行; ■ministers, 部长们; ■attention, 注意; ■efforts, 努力;

Without teachers, schools can’t do their job. Recognising the problems caused by shortages, Labour made the recruitment of 6,500 new ones a key plank of its education offer to voters in England – one funded by VAT on private school fees. Now a report from the charity Teach First, advocating flexibility and an entitlement to career breaks, attempts to flesh out what improved working conditions in English schools might look like. Given the difficulties faced by recruiters and the alarming drop-off rate – one in four new teachers last less than three years – it is imperative that ministers pay attention to such efforts and come up with a plan.

没有教师,学校就无法完成工作。工党认识到教师短缺造成的问题,将招聘 6,500 名新教师作为其向英格兰选民提供的教育方案的关键部分——资金来自私立学校学费的增值税。现在,慈善机构 Teach First 的一份报告提倡灵活性和职业中断权,试图充实英格兰学校改善工作条件的可能情况。鉴于招聘人员面临的困难和令人震惊的流失率——四分之一的新教师任职不到三年——部长们必须关注这些努力并制定计划。

1. shortage [ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ] n. 短缺,不足;shortages

2. career [kəˈrɪə] n. 职业,事业;职业生涯;速度,行程 adj. 就业的,职业的;终身从事的 v. 猛冲;careers;careers;careering;careered;careered

4. fund [fʌnd] n. 基金,专款;资金,钱款;基金会;储备量 v. 资助,为……提供资金 【名】 (fund))(德)丰德(人名);funds;funds;funding;funded;funded

5. charity [ˈtʃærɪtɪ] n. 慈善组织,慈善机构;慈善事业;仁慈,宽厚;赈济,施舍;charities

6. imperative [ɪmˈperətɪv] adj. 极重要的,必要的;命令的,强制的;祈使的 n. 重要紧急的事,必要的事;祈使语气,祈使语气动词;命令;imperatives


··◇·· 您已读到文章中部,稍憩继续!··◇··

4参考↓■agreed, 同意; ■summer, 夏天; ■should, 应该; ■difference, 差异; ■although, 虽然; ■teachers, 教师; ■further, 进一步的; ■education, 教育; ■colleges, 大学; ■again, 再一次; ■stress, 强调; ■associated, 相关; ■teaching, 教学; ■putting, 放; ■potential, 潜在的; ■entrants, 参赛者; ■according, 根据; ■survey, 调查; ■24-year-olds, 24岁; ■sense, 感觉; ■school, 学校; ■spending, 支出; ■overall, 总体的; ■heads, 头部; ■already, 已经; ■trying, 尝试; ■giving, 给; ■staff, 工作人员; ■prepare, 准备; ■lessons, 教训; ■chance, 机会; ■academy, 学院; ■chain, 链; ■Dixons, Dixon; ■introduced, 介绍; ■nine-day, 九天; ■fortnight, 两星期; ■Another, 另一个; ■measure, 测量; ■dropped, 下降; ■government, 政府; ■ought, 应该; ■revived, 复活了; ■offer, 提供; ■sabbaticals, 公休日; ■support, 支持; ■professional, 专业的; ■development, 发展; ■incentivise, 激励; ■longer, 比较长的; ■careers, 职业生涯; ■teaching, 教学;

The 5.5% pay rise agreed this summer should make a difference – although not to teachers in further education colleges, who have once again been left out. But the stress associated with teaching, as well as the pay, is putting off potential entrants, according to a survey of 16- to 24-year-olds. So is the sense that school spending overall is too low. Some heads are already trying out giving staff more time to prepare lessons and the chance to work from home. One academy chain, Dixons, has introduced a nine-day fortnight. Another measure that was dropped by the last government, and ought to be revived, is the offer of paid sabbaticals – to support professional development and incentivise longer careers in teaching.

今年夏天达成的 5.5% 的加薪协议应该会带来一些变化,尽管这对继续教育学院的教师来说并非如此,他们再次被排除在外。但是,一项针对 16 至 24 岁年轻人的调查显示,教学压力以及高薪让潜在入行者望而却步。此外,学校总体支出过低也是影响因素之一。一些校长已开始尝试给予员工更多时间备课和在家办公的机会。Dixons 连锁学院已推出为期九天的两周工作制。上届政府取消的另一项措施(应该恢复)是提供带薪休假,以支持专业发展并激励教师从事更长时间的职业。

2. career [kəˈrɪə] n. 职业,事业;职业生涯;速度,行程 adj. 就业的,职业的;终身从事的 v. 猛冲;careers;careers;careering;careered;careered

7. associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v. 联想,联系;支持,同意;交往,(尤指)混在一起 n. 同事,伙伴;副学士,准学士;副职,副手;准会员;联想 adj. 副的,准的,非正式的;联合的,有关连的;associates;associates;associating;associated;associated

8. accord [əˈkɔːd] n. 协议,条约;符合,一致 v. 使受到,给予(某种待遇);(与……)一致,符合;accords;accords;according;accorded;accorded

9. survey [sɜːˈveɪ] n. 民意调查,民意测验;考察,调查;(对课题或情况的)全面考察,概述;测量,勘测;测绘图,勘测记录;测量部门; (尤指为欲购房者所做的)房屋鉴定;查勘报告 v. 做民意测验,做民意调查;(尤指认真地)审视,检查;测量,勘测; (尤指为可能的买家)查勘,检视(建筑物的状况);全面评述,概述;surveys;surveys;surveying;surveyed;surveyed

10. overall [ˈəʊvərɔːl] adj. 总的,全面的;所有的,包括一切的 adv. 全部,总共; 总的说来,大体上 n. (工作时穿的)罩衣;(上下连身的)工作服,防护服(overalls);背带工装裤(overalls);骑马裤,紧身制服裤(overalls);overalls

11. academy [əˈkædəmɪ] n. 专科院校;研究院,学会;(美国的)私立学校;(苏格兰的)中等学校;academies

12. revive [rɪˈvaɪv] v. (使)复原,(使)复苏;重新唤起,重新记起;重新使用,使复兴;重新上演;revives;reviving;revived;revived

5参考↓■other, 其他; ■workplace, 工作场所; ■changes, 变化; ■these, 这些; ■would, 将; ■upfront, 预付款; ■costs, 成本; ■Career, 职业生涯; ■breaks, 打破; ■would, 将; ■covered, 盖满; ■other, 其他; ■staff, 工作人员; ■raising, 提高; ■morale, 士气; ■reducing, 减少; ■sickness, 疾病; ■absences, 缺席; ■better, 更好的; ■working, 工作; ■conditions, 条件; ■could, 能够; ■overall, 总体的; ■improvement, 改进; ■ministers, 部长们; ■succeed, 成功; ■making, 制作; ■teaching, 教学; ■go-to, 首选; ■profession, 职业; ■graduates, 毕业生; ■mindful, 正念; ■changing, 改变; ■nature, 自然; ■growing, 增长的; ■expectation, 期望; ■degree, 度; ■flexibility, 灵活性;

Like other workplace changes, these would have upfront costs. Career breaks would have to be covered by other staff. But by raising morale and reducing sickness and absences, better working conditions could be part of an overall improvement. If ministers are to succeed in making teaching “a go-to profession” for more graduates, as they aim to, they must be mindful of the changing nature of work, and the growing expectation of a degree of flexibility.

与其他工作场所变革一样,这些变革也会产生前期成本。职业中断必须由其他员工承担。但通过提高士气、减少病假和缺勤,更好的工作条件可以成为整体改善的一部分。如果部长们想要成功让更多毕业生将教师“变成首选职业”,正如他们所期望的那样,他们必须注意工作性质的变化,以及人们对一定程度的灵活性的日益增长的期望。

2. career [kəˈrɪə] n. 职业,事业;职业生涯;速度,行程 adj. 就业的,职业的;终身从事的 v. 猛冲;careers;careers;careering;careered;careered

10. overall [ˈəʊvərɔːl] adj. 总的,全面的;所有的,包括一切的 adv. 全部,总共; 总的说来,大体上 n. (工作时穿的)罩衣;(上下连身的)工作服,防护服(overalls);背带工装裤(overalls);骑马裤,紧身制服裤(overalls);overalls

13. improvement [ɪmˈpruːvmənt] n. 改善;改进之处;improvements

14. expectation [ˌekspekˈteɪʃən] n. 期待,预期;期望,指望;expectations

6参考↓■would, 将; ■thinking, 思考; ■business, 商业; ■secretary, 秘书; ■Jonathan, 乔纳森; ■Reynolds, 雷诺兹; ■employment, 就业; ■experts, 专家; ■including, 包括; ■Cooper, 库珀; ■companies, 公司; ■Amazon, 亚马逊; ■which, 哪一个; ■compelling, 令人信服的; ■staff, 工作人员; ■return, 返回; ■office, 办公室; ■full-time, 全职; ■eliminating, 消除; ■working, 工作; ■dinosaurs, 恐龙; ■Reynolds’, 雷诺兹; ■support, 支持; ■flexible, 灵活的; ■working, 工作; ■package, 包裹; ■workers’, 工人; ■rights, 权利; ■announced, 宣布; ■month, 月; ■similarly, 同样地; ■unequivocal, 毫不含糊;

This would be in line with the thinking of the business secretary, Jonathan Reynolds, and employment experts including Sir Cary Cooper. This week Sir Cary said companies such as Amazon, which are compelling staff to return to the office full-time and eliminating home working, are “the dinosaurs of our age”. Mr Reynolds’ support for more flexible working, as part of the package of workers’ rights due to be announced next month, is similarly unequivocal.

这与商务大臣乔纳森·雷诺兹以及包括卡里·库珀爵士在内的就业专家的想法一致。本周,卡里爵士表示,像亚马逊这样的公司正在强迫员工全职返回办公室并取消在家办公,它们是“我们这个时代的恐龙”。雷诺兹先生对更灵活的工作方式的支持同样毫不含糊,这是定于下个月宣布的一揽子工人权利计划的一部分。

15. employment [ɪmˈplɔɪmənt] n. 雇用;使用,利用;工作,就业;就业人数;employments

16. compel [kəmˈpel] v. 强迫,迫使;使发生,促使;驱赶 【名】 (compel)(法)孔佩尔(人名);compels;compelling;compelled;compelled

7参考↓■Teachers, 教师; ■office, 办公室; ■workers, 工人; ■however, 然而; ■norms, 规范; ■expectations, 期望; ■around, 围绕; ■working, 工作; ■create, 创造; ■particular, 特别; ■challenges, 挑战; ■organisations, 组织机构; ■schools, 学校; ■hospitals, 医院; ■where, 哪里; ■working, 工作; ■occasional, 偶尔的; ■thing, 事情; ■staff, 工作人员; ■public-facing, 面向公众; ■roles, 角色; ■reason, 原因; ■staff, 工作人员; ■shortages, 短缺; ■retention, 保留; ■difficulties, 困难; ■these, 这些; ■areas, 地区; ■demanding, 要求高的; ■nature, 自然; ■another, 另一个; ■headteacher, 校长; ■Guardian, 守护者; ■teaching, 教学; ■performance, 演出; ■profession, 职业; ■requiring, 要求; ■exceptional, 例外; ■composure, 镇定; ■Earlier, 早期的; ■another, 另一个; ■educational, 教育的; ■charity, 慈善; ■proposed, 提出; ■boost, 促进; ■frontline, 前线; ■workers, 工人; ■teachers, 教师; ■equivalent, 相等的;

Teachers are not office workers, however, and new norms and expectations around working life create particular challenges for organisations such as schools and hospitals – where home working can only ever be an occasional thing for staff in public-facing roles. Pay is one reason for staff shortages and retention difficulties in these areas. The demanding nature of the work is another. As one headteacher told the Guardian, teaching is a “performance profession” requiring exceptional composure. Earlier this year another educational charity proposed a pay boost for frontline workers such as teachers, equivalent to a 1.8% rise.

然而,教师不是办公室职员,工作生活的新规范和期望给学校和医院等组织带来了特殊挑战——对于面向公众的工作人员来说,在家工作只能是偶尔的事情。工资是这些领域人员短缺和留任困难的一个原因。工作要求高是另一个原因。正如一位校长告诉《卫报》的那样,教学是一项“表演职业”,需要非凡的沉着冷静。今年早些时候,另一家教育慈善机构提议为教师等一线工作人员加薪,相当于涨幅 1.8%。

1. shortage [ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ] n. 短缺,不足;shortages

5. charity [ˈtʃærɪtɪ] n. 慈善组织,慈善机构;慈善事业;仁慈,宽厚;赈济,施舍;charities

14. expectation [ˌekspekˈteɪʃən] n. 期待,预期;期望,指望;expectations

18. norm [nɔːm] n. 社会准则,行为规范;标准,平均水平;常态,平常事物;模方;诺姆(指整日呆在家中看电视的懒人,尤指看体育节目);norms;norms;norming;normed;normed

19. occasional [əˈkeɪʒnəl] adj. 偶尔的,不经常的;(家具)特定场合才使用的; (文章、演讲或宗教仪式等)在特殊场合所作的,为特殊场合所准备的;非定时的,临时的

20. retention [rɪˈtenʃən] n. 保持,保留;保存,存放;保持力,持续力;记忆力;(热量的)阻滞,(液体的)潴留;(对物质的)吸收和保持

21. exceptional [ɪkˈsepʃənl] adj. 卓越的,杰出的;不寻常的,罕见的;(心理或身体上)有缺陷的 n. (公司账目上的)异常项目

22. propose [prəˈpəʊz] v. 提议,建议;提出(理论或解释);提名,推荐;计划,打算;求婚;(向立法机构或委员会)提交(动议);提议祝(酒);proposes;proposing;proposed;proposed

23. boost [buːst] v. 使增长,推动;偷窃;宣扬,推广 n. 推动,促进;广告,宣扬 【名】 (boost)(英)布斯特,(德)博斯特(人名);boosts;boosts;boosting;boosted;boosted

24. equivalent [ɪˈkwɪvələnt] adj. 等同的,等效的 n. 对等的人(或事物),对应的人(或事物);当量(equivalen. weight);equivalents

8参考↓■employees, 员工; ■granted, 授予; ■increased, 增加; ■flexibility, 灵活性; ■should, 应该; ■reasonable, 合理的; ■expect, 期待; ■flexible, 灵活的; ■premium, 保险费; ■among, 在…之间; ■serious, 严重的; ■failings, 失败; ■Conservative, 保守派; ■schools, 学校; ■policy, 政策; ■problems, 问题; ■teacher, 老师; ■recruitment, 招聘; ■retention, 保留; ■parallel, 平行; ■difficulties, 困难; ■other, 其他; ■public, 公众的; ■services, 服务; ■tackled, 解决;

As more employees are granted increased flexibility, as they should be, it is reasonable to expect – and to hope – that less flexible jobs will in time come with a pay premium. It was among the serious failings of Conservative schools policy that problems of teacher recruitment and retention – as well as parallel difficulties in other public services – were not tackled.

随着越来越多的员工获得更大的灵活性,这是理所当然的,我们有理由期待——也希望——灵活性较低的工作最终会带来更高的工资。保守党学校政策的严重缺陷之一是教师招聘和留任问题——以及其他公共服务领域的类似困难——没有得到解决。

3. tackle [ˈtækl] v. 应付,解决(难题或局面);与……交涉;(足球、曲棍球等比赛中)抢断;(橄榄球等比赛中)擒抱并摔倒(对方球员);擒获;对付,打(尤指罪犯);质问,责问;反对,反抗 n. (足球等中的)抢断球;(橄榄球或美式足球)擒抱摔倒;(美式足球中的)阻截队员;体育器械,(尤指)渔具;(吊起重物用的)索具,滑轮;男性性器官;tackles;tackles;tackling;tackled;tackled

20. retention [rɪˈtenʃən] n. 保持,保留;保存,存放;保持力,持续力;记忆力;(热量的)阻滞,(液体的)潴留;(对物质的)吸收和保持

25. employee [ˌemplɔɪˈɪː, ɪmˈplɔɪɪ] n. 雇员;employees

26. reasonable [ˈrɪːznəbl] adj. 有道理的,合情理的;(人)通情达理的,讲道理的;适度的,合适的;(价格)公道的;还算好的,尚可的;相当大的,(数量)不少的

27. premium [ˈprɪmjəm] n. 保险费;(正常价格或费用以外的)加付款,加价;很高的价值,额外价值;额外补贴,津贴;奖品,奖金;优质汽油(=premium gas) adj. 高价的,高品质的;premiums

28. conservative [kənˈsɜːvətɪv] adj. 保守的;保守派的,保守主义的(认为政府应该实行政治保守主义);(衣着)守旧的,传统的;低估的;保守党的;不愿冒险的,谨慎的 n. 保守者,因循守旧者;保守党党员,保守党支持者;conservatives

29. parallel [ˈpærəlel] adj. 平行的;相似的,同时发生的;(计算机)并行的;并联的 n. (人或事物的)相似的手法,共同点;相似的人(或物);(地球的)纬线,纬圈;(印刷)平行符号 v. 与……相似;与……同时发生;与……并行;与……相当,比得上 adv. 与……平行;parallels;parallels;paralleling;parallelling;paralleled;parallelled;paralleled;parallelled










单词/模拟练习

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