上期答案
Social groups are so important to us as a species that we spend most of our time trying to anticipate what others are going to do, and I think social media is filling part of the gap that mind-wandering is trying to fill.
作为人类，社会群体对我们至关重要，因此我们大部分时间都在试图预测别人的行为，我认为社交媒体正在填补我们思想游离所试图填补的空白。
本期内容
早上好，读者朋友们，今天分享的文章节选自《卫报》。在快节奏的现代生活中，超加工食品以其“易获得、味道好、价格低”的三大优势，悄然占据了我们的餐桌，成为难以割舍的一部分。想象一下，忙碌的工作日午后，你只需几秒钟就能从冰箱拿出一份冷冻披萨，放进烤箱，几分钟后就能享受到热腾腾的美味。这样的便捷，正是超加工食品最大的魅力所在。然而，这份便捷背后，却隐藏着对健康的潜在威胁。超加工食品，如冰淇淋、薯片、预制炸鸡等，往往含有高糖、高脂、高能量密度，以及多种食品添加剂，长期大量摄入与心血管疾病、2型糖尿病和某些类型的癌症风险增加息息相关。然而，当我们逐渐意识到这些食品背后隐藏的健康风险时，不禁要问：为何从饮食中剔除超加工食品如此困难？
Why is it so hard to get ultra-processed foods out of our diets?
为什么从我们的饮食中剔除超加工食品如此困难？
1
Ultra-processed foods, industrialized food substances that are often high in calories, sugar, sodium and saturated fat, are highly prevalent in the US food supply. Today, over 60% of American food purchases are composed of ultra-processed products. Scientists are still studying how these chemically manipulated foods affect the body and whether if it’s because of their poor nutrient profile, addictive qualities, the use of additives or changes to the food matrix, which affect how we eat and digest them. However, a large body of research has already linked ultra-processed foods to health concerns, including mental health issues, weight gain and type 2 diabetes. If these foods are so bad, why am I feeding them to my kids?
sodium /ˈsoʊdiəm/ n. 钠
prevalent /ˈprevələnt/ adj. 盛行的，普遍的
diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ n. 糖尿病
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超加工食品是一种工业化食品，通常含有高热量、高糖、高钠和高饱和脂肪，在美国的食品供应中非常普遍。今天，超过60%的美国人购买的食品都是超加工产品。科学家们仍在研究这些经过化学处理的食物是如何影响人体的，以及是否因为它们的营养成分差、易上瘾、添加剂的使用或食物基质的改变，而这些都会影响我们的进食和消化方式。然而，大量研究已经将超加工食品与健康问题联系起来，包括心理健康问题、体重增加和2型糖尿病。如果这些食物如此糟糕，我为什么要给我的孩子吃?
It’s simple: time. Scholars, advocates and policymakers have not fully acknowledged time scarcity, or lack of time, as one of the major drivers of ultra-processed food consumption. This time crunch forces people to rely on ultra-processed foods that are ready to heat or ready to eat to buy back time. Also unacknowledged: this time scarcity is disproportionately an issue faced by women, who remain the primary food shoppers and preparers across the globe.
scarcity /ˈskersəti/ n. 不足，缺乏
driver n.驱动因素
crunch /krʌntʃ/ n.紧要关头；不足，短缺
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原因很简单:时间。学者、倡导者和政策制定者还没有充分认识到时间短缺是超加工食品消费的主要驱动因素之一。这种时间紧张迫使人们依靠超加工食品，即热即吃，以节省时间。同样未被承认的是:女性面临的时间短缺问题尤为严重，她们仍然是全球主要的食品购物者和准备者。
Like many women, I often don’t have time to cook a full meal from scratch. I am fortunate to have the privilege of being able to afford fresh foods, the knowledge to prepare them, and a partner who cooks well and often. Still, there are days, when in the scramble of school, work, sports and bedtime, the best we can do is ramen noodles with broccoli or cereal and fruit.I’m not alone. How people – especially women – spend their time has changed radically from the mid-20th century. American women are not only working more, they’re spending more time and more effort on parenting than ever. Sociologist Jessica Calarco recently described this phenomenon as a “DIY” society, in which functions that used to be shared collectively are increasingly pushed on to families, and especially women.
from scratch 从头开始；从零开始
scramble /ˈskræmb(ə)l/ n.艰难行走；抢占；争夺
cereal /ˈsɪriəl/ n. 谷类食物
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和许多女性一样，我经常没有时间从头开始做一顿完整的饭菜。我很幸运，能够买得起新鲜食物，有烹饪知识，还有一个经常做饭的好伴侣。不过，有些时候，在学校、工作、运动和睡觉的忙碌中，我们能做的最好的事情就是吃拉面配西兰花或麦片和水果。我不是唯一一个有这种想法的人。自 20 世纪中叶以来，人们（尤其是女性）的时间分配方式发生了巨大变化。美国女性不仅工作更多，而且在养育子女方面花费的时间和精力也比以往任何时候都多。社会学家杰西卡·卡拉科 (Jessica Calarco) 最近将这种现象描述为“DIY”社会，在这个社会中，过去由集体分担的功能越来越多地被推到家庭，尤其是女性身上。
No matter what you call it, the result is the same: less time for cooking. My research, using data from the American Time Use Survey, a nationally representative survey of more than 50,000 adults, found the time American women spend cooking was nearly halved from 1965 to 2007, from nearly two hours a day to just over an hour. During the same period, men’s cooking increased but remained well below women’s levels. In subsequent decades, cooking time has increased, but it remains far less than 1965 levels. This time and effort has been replaced by machines: the appliances in our homes, and the machines inside factories that create foods that are shelf-stable, transportable and convenient.In other words, ultra-processed foods.
halve /hæv/ v.减半
shelf-stable 耐储藏的
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无论你怎么定义，结果殊途同归：烹饪的时间愈发缩减。我的研究使用了美国时间使用调查(American Time Use Survey)的数据，这是一项对5万多名成年人进行的具有全国代表性的调查。研究发现，从1965年到2007年，美国女性做饭的时间几乎减少了一半，从每天近两个小时减少到一个多小时。在同一时期，男性做饭的数量有所增加，但仍远低于女性的水平。在随后的几十年里，烹饪时间有所增加，但仍远低于1965年的水平。这种时间和努力已经被机器所取代:我们家里的电器，以及工厂里的机器，这些机器生产的食品保质期长、可运输、方便。换句话说，就是超加工食品。
Policies that require clear, front-of-package labels on food packages offer a good start. The Food and Drug Administration is about to propose a labeling system to indicate when foods are high in sugar, saturated fat and sodium. My research shows these types of labels help address the time and mental burden of food shopping by making it easier and quicker for parents to identify which foods are unhealthy.But food labels are only a starting place. While labels work, they cannot fully address the socioeconomic determinants of health that affect families’ diets. In Chile, which is viewed as the global gold standard for front-of-package food labeling, mothers have reported food labels help them know what’s unhealthy – but they often still can’t afford healthier options. Now Chilean policymakers and researchers are working to develop a food assistance program that would ensure low-income families can afford healthy food.
is about to 即将要做某事
address v.处理，设法解决
Chile /ˈtʃɪli/ n. 智利
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要求在食品包装正面贴上清晰标签的政策提供了一个良好的开端。美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration，简称FDA)即将提出一项标签制度，以表明什么食物中糖、饱和脂肪和钠含量高。我的研究表明，这些类型的标签可以帮助父母更容易、更快地识别哪些食物是不健康的，从而解决购买食物的时间和精神负担。但食品标签只是一个开始。标签虽然有效，但不能完全解决影响家庭饮食的健康的社会经济决定因素。在被视为全球食品包装正面标签黄金标准的智利，母亲们表示，食品标签可以帮助她们了解什么是不健康的，但她们往往仍然负担不起更健康的选择。现在，智利的政策制定者和研究人员正在努力制定一项食品援助计划，以确保低收入家庭能够负担得起健康食品。
END
写作句式积累
Comprehensive policy reform must be aimed at supporting families to address these upstream reasons why ultra-processed foods end up on our plates.
造句：Comprehensive policy reform must be aimed at addressing these upstream reasons why poverty and inequality persist in our society, ensuring that every individual has equal access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities.（全面的政策改革必须旨在解决导致我们社会中贫困和不平等持续存在的这些上游原因，确保每个人都能平等地获得教育、医疗和经济机会。）
翻译练习
Paid parental leave, subsidized childcare, universal healthcare, paid sick leave and policies like four-day work weeks or 35-hour-a-week limits on paid work would help ease time and financial costs for working families.
翻译练习，欢迎大家文末留言打卡，下期推送文章公布答案哟，一起阅外刊学英语吧！
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