上期答案
AI has always been a sort of really vague concept that can expand endlessly to encompass all kinds of ideas.Suddenly, everybody has a concrete thing to refer to.What is AI? For millions of people the answer was now: ChatGPT.
encompass v.包含；围绕；涉及
人工智能一直是一个可以无限扩展以涵盖各种想法的模糊概念。突然之间，每个人都有了具体的东西可以参考。对于数百万人来说，答案就是：ChatGPT。
本期内容
早上好，读者朋友们，今天分享的文章节选自《时代周刊》。在世界的各个角落，竞吃比赛作为一种独特的娱乐形式，正逐渐吸引着越来越多人的目光。从传统的汉堡、意大利面竞吃，到那些令人瞠目结舌的奇葩竞吃挑战，如鱼子酱、辣咖喱、甚至是活蟑螂的竞吃比赛，这些赛事不仅考验着参赛者的胃容量和勇气，更在无形中向我们揭示了暴饮暴食对身体可能带来的深远影响。想象一下，当你看到一位选手在短短几分钟内吞下惊人的食物量，你是否会感到惊叹与佩服？然而，在这背后，隐藏着多少对身体的潜在威胁？本文将带您深入剖析竞吃比赛对身体的多重影响，揭示那些看似光鲜亮丽的背后，可能隐藏着的健康危机。
What Competitive Eating Does to the Body
竞吃比赛对身体有什么影响？
1
This Independence Day, competitors at Nathan’s Famous hot dog eating contest may gulp down as many as 76 wieners in about the time it takes to read this article. Like ultramarathoners hoofing 50 miles or football players shaking off big hits, “speed-eating” entails natural resilience, dedicated training, and serious risks to health.
gulp down 狼吞虎咽
hoof v.猛踢
entail v.牵涉；需要
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今年独立日，参加内森著名热狗吃大赛的参赛者可能会在阅读这篇文章的时间内吞下多达76根香肠。就像超级马拉松运动员步行50英里或足球运动员摆脱重大打击一样，“速食”需要天生的韧性、专门的训练和严重的健康风险。
Just five seconds into this self-proclaimed “Super Bowl of competitive eating,” bits of hot dog arrive in the esophagus, the tube that goes to the stomach. Because they’re not chewed enough, though, chunks can slide into the airway, which can cause choking. Paramedics stand ready to assist, but across all speed-eating contests, choking is the biggest risk, and can result in death.
self-proclaimed adj.自称的
esophagus n.食管；食道
chew v.咀嚼；咬住
chew sth over 仔细思考；深思熟虑
choke v.窒息；阻塞
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这场自诩为“竞争饮食的超级碗”的比赛刚开始五秒钟，就有一小块热狗进入了通往胃的食道。然而，由于咀嚼不够，大块的食物可能会滑入气道，从而导致窒息。医护人员随时准备提供帮助，但在所有的速食比赛中，窒息是最大的风险，并可能导致死亡。
As hot dogs accumulate in the body, so do more risks. The stomach can’t accept the food as fast as it’s coming, so it piles up in the lower esophagus. This traffic jam could cause the food to come back up forcefully, which can lead to choking, rips in the esophagus, and surgery to fix them, says Dr. David Metz, a retired professor of gastroenterology at the University of Pennsylvania who has studied the effects of speed-eating.
pile up 堆积；积压
gastroenterology n. 肠胃病学
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随着热狗在体内的积累，风险也越来越大。胃不能像食物来的那样快地接受食物，所以食物会堆积在食管下部。宾夕法尼亚大学(University of Pennsylvania)退休的胃肠病学教授戴维·梅茨(David Metz)博士研究了快速进食的影响，他说，这种“交通堵塞”可能会导致食物强力反弹，从而导致窒息、食道撕裂，需要进行手术来修复。
In just two minutes, some participants may have already packed ten hot dogs into their stomachs. To accommodate this barrage, the stomach begins to expand. Normally, our stomachs enlarge like a balloon, with greater pressure as the meal goes on—and this pressure triggers a newsflash to the brain that we’re full. But speed-eaters have trained with increasingly large food quantities to increase the elasticity of their stomach, so it stretches more like spider silk. Without the same pressure build-up, their brains receive no “drop your hot dog” message—only the crowd’s roar to keep gorging.
accommodate v.容纳；顺应，适应
barrage n.水坝；弹幕射击
elasticity n. 弹性，弹力
gorge v.狼吞虎咽
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在短短两分钟内，一些参与者可能已经把十个热狗塞进了胃里。为了适应这种压力，胃开始扩张。正常情况下，我们的胃会像气球一样膨胀，随着吃饭的进行，胃的压力会越来越大——这种压力会向大脑发出一个信号，告诉我们已经吃饱了。但速食者通过不断增加的食物量来提高胃的弹性，因此胃的伸展性会像蜘蛛丝一样。没有同样的压力积累，他们的大脑不会收到“放下你的热狗”的信息——只有人群的吼叫声让他们继续大吃大喝。
Seven minutes into the contest, some pioneering pieces of hot dog have already raced through the stomach to explore the small intestine, an organ dedicated to further digesting food and absorbing nutrients. However, this important job may be sabotaged when dealing with as many as 22,800 calories in a single meal.More research on dumping syndrome is needed, Metz says. For his study, Metz took X-ray images of one speed-eater in action and found that rapid feasting was enabled by “remarkable” stomach expansion, not by food dropping quickly into the small intestine to make room for more.
intestine n.肠
sabotage v.妨碍；蓄意破坏
feast n.盛宴；宴会
feast your eyes on sb 尽情欣赏；大饱眼福
profuse adj. 丰富的；很多的
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比赛开始七分钟后，一些热狗碎片已经通过胃进入小肠，小肠是专门进一步消化食物和吸收营养的器官。然而，当一顿饭中含有多达22800卡路里的热量时，这项重要的工作可能会被破坏。梅茨说，需要对倾倒综合症进行更多的研究。在他的研究中，梅斯拍摄了一个进食速度快的人的x光照片，发现快速进食是由“显著”的胃扩张来实现的，而不是因为食物迅速进入小肠为更多的食物腾出空间来实现的。
END
写作句式积累
One long-term concern is that their stomachs have permanently expanded, so they’ll never feel full again, no matter how much they consume.
一个长期的担忧是，他们的胃一直在膨胀，所以无论他们吃多少，他们都不会再感到饱了。
翻译练习
These chunks may be fermented by bacteria in the small intestine, which could cause bacterial overgrowth, Melanson says, leading to abdominal pain and diarrhea, among other symptoms.
翻译练习，欢迎大家文末留言打卡，下期推送文章公布答案哟，一起阅外刊学英语吧！
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