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上期划线句答案
Many times, the models are calibrated— using statistics and, sometimes, artificial intelligence — to ensure that their probability predictions are accurate and not biased by variations between the model's approximations and the actual atmosphere, Jeglum said.
杰勒姆说，很多时候，模型会进行校准——通过统计学，甚至有时使用人工智能——以确保它们的概率预测的准确性，避免因为模型的近似估算和大气实际情况的不同而产生偏差。
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本期内容
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双语阅读
Para.1
Two neuroimaging studies found that lonely individuals’ neural representations of well-known celebrities diverged from those typical for their group in the medial prefrontal cortex, a region of the brain. Lonelier individuals were also more likely to use unusual language when describing well-known celebrities and to describe them in ways that were not typical for their group. The research was published in Communications Psychology.
Para.2
Loneliness is the subjective feeling of being socially isolated or lacking meaningful connections, regardless of actual social contact. It can arise from life transitions, such as moving, losing a loved one, or retiring, as well as from social rejection or a lack of supportive relationships.
Para.3
Chronic loneliness is linked to mental health issues like depression and anxiety, as well as physical health problems, including weakened immunity, cardiovascular disease, and an increased risk of mortality. Lonely individuals tend to experience lower self-esteem, heightened sensitivity to social rejection, and difficulty forming or maintaining relationships. They may also perceive social interactions more negatively, creating a cycle that reinforces their isolation. In older adults, loneliness is particularly concerning, as it is strongly associated with cognitive decline and dementia. In children and adolescents, it can hinder social development and academic performance.
Para.4
Study author Timothy W. Broom and his colleagues hypothesized that lonely individuals form mental representations of contemporary culture that deviate from those generally accepted in their social environment. In other words, they think in unusual ways. Because of this, lonely individuals tend to perceive that their ideas are not shared by others, which is a defining feature of loneliness.
Para.5
Research has shown that socially connected individuals (e.g., friends or romantic partners) tend to have similar neural responses to popular culture media. Building on this, the researchers hypothesized that lonely individuals would have neural responses to popular culture topics (e.g., celebrities) that differ from those of the majority in their group. Additionally, the way they speak about these topics would also be unusual. The researchers conducted two studies to explore these ideas.
本文节选自：PsyPost
发布时间：2024.11.24
作者：Vladimir Hedrih
原文标题：Lonely individuals tend to think and talk in an unusual way, study finds
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写作句总结
原句：Building on this, the researchers hypothesized that lonely individuals would have neural responses to popular culture topics (e.g., celebrities) that differ from those of the majority in their group.
结构：Building on X, researchers hypothesized that Y would have A to B that differ from those of the majority in Z.
例句：Building on the established importance of academic grades, universities hypothesized that students would have attitudes towards learning that differ from those of the majority in society.
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阅读理解题
Which of the following best describes the main idea of the research discussed in the text?
A) Loneliness leads to a preference for obscure celebrities, causing neural divergence in the medial prefrontal cortex.
B) Lonely individuals tend to have different neural responses and use unusual language when perceiving popular culture, suggesting a unique way of thinking.
C) The medial prefrontal cortex is the primary brain region responsible for social connection, and its activity decreases in lonely individuals.
D) Socially connected individuals are more likely to engage with mainstream culture, leading to increased neural activity when perceiving popular figures.
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全文概括
Two studies investigated the neural and linguistic differences in how lonely individuals process information about celebrities compared to their less lonely peers. Researchers found that lonely participants exhibited atypical brain activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and used unique, non-normative language when describing celebrities. This atypical processing is hypothesized to stem from diverging mental representations of popular culture, reinforcing feelings of social isolation. Loneliness, the studies note, is linked to various negative mental and physical health consequences. The research suggests a connection between loneliness, unusual cognitive processing of social information, and the perpetuation of feelings of isolation.
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