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上期划线句答案
Once you’re done with your workout, aim to consume protein — ideally 20 to 40 grams within two hours, the International Society of Sports Nutrition recommends — to help support muscle growth and recovery.
锻炼结束后，建议摄入蛋白质——国际运动营养学会推荐在两小时内补充20到40克蛋白质，来促进肌肉生长和恢复。
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本期内容
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双语阅读
Para.1
Chloroplasts, the parts of cells that allow plants and algae to photosynthesize, are thought to have originated more than 1 billion years ago, when photosynthetic cyanobacteria lived symbiotically within other primitive cellular organisms. Replicating the development of this photosynthetic capability in other cells today—by placing chloroplasts inside animal cells—was previously thought impossible: Animal cells recognize chloroplasts as foreign bodies and digest them.But a Japanese research team has changed this thinking. It has developed a technique to isolate photosynthetically active chloroplasts from the primitive algae Cyanidioschyzon and transplant them into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, a type of cultured animal cell line, and still retain their functionality.
Para.2
The research team then used fluorescence laser microscopy and super-resolution microscopy to capture cross-sectional images of the cells and observe how both the cells and chloroplasts behaved. They found that the chloroplasts that had been taken up into the CHO cells were present within the cytoplasm, the liquid that fills the interior of the cell, with some of them surrounding the cell nucleus. After the chloroplasts were taken up, the CHO cells showed signs of behaving normally, for instance by continuing to divide.
Para.3
Further observations using an electron microscope revealed that the structure of the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts—which is where the enzymes required for photosynthesis are located—was maintained for at least two days. Measurements of photosynthetic activity using microscopic imaging and pulse modulation also confirmed that electron transport for photosynthesis was normal during this period. However, on the fourth day after the transfer, the structure of the thylakoid membrane collapsed and the chloroplasts’ photosynthetic activity significantly decreased.
Para.4
This research points to new possibilities in tissue engineering. Artificial organs, artificial meat, and skin sheets made from multiple cell layers have limited growth when the tissue is exposed to low oxygen levels. If cells incorporating chloroplasts could be added, it might be possible to supply oxygen to the tissue and promote growth simply by shining light on it.
Para.5
But to achieve this, a technology is required that allows transplanted chloroplasts to maintain photosynthetic activity for longer inside animal cells. According to the research team, in the future it will also be necessary to quantify the amount of oxygen generated by the transplanted chloroplasts and the amount of carbon dioxide fixed inside the animal cells, which can be done using a technique called isotope labeling.
本文节选自：Wired（连线杂志）
发布时间：2024.11.13
作者：Science
原文标题：Researchers Give Animal Cells the Ability to Photosynthesize for the First Time
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写作句总结
原句：But to achieve this, a technology is required that allows transplanted chloroplasts to maintain photosynthetic activity for longer inside animal cells.
结构：But to achieve A, a technology is required that allows X to do Y for Z.
例句：But to address climate change, a technology is required that allows renewable energy sources to be stored more efficiently for later use.
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阅读理解题
Which of the following is a limitation of the chloroplast transplantation technique described in the sources?
A. Animal cells recognize chloroplasts as foreign bodies and digest them.
B. The transplanted chloroplasts are not able to perform photosynthesis.
C. The transplanted chloroplasts only maintain their functionality for a limited time.
D. The chloroplasts do not integrate into the animal cells' metabolism.
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全文概括
Japanese researchers successfully transplanted photosynthetically active chloroplasts from algae into animal cells, demonstrating the chloroplasts' continued functionality for several days. This achievement was accomplished using microscopy and other imaging techniques to monitor the chloroplasts' behavior and photosynthetic activity. Although photosynthetic activity decreased after four days, this breakthrough opens possibilities for tissue engineering by potentially using chloroplasts to oxygenate tissues and promote growth.
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