快⬆️⬆️点击上方蓝字关注并星标这个公众号，一起涨姿势～
词数：381 words
难度：★★★☆☆
小贴士：
因公众号推送机制改版，很多朋友反映看不到我们，为了能更常看到我们的文章，请把我们“设为星标”，阅后点赞哦~
——大橙子留
✦ +
+
上期划线句答案
For America’s colleges, recruiting more rural students could be one way to diversify their campuses in the wake of a Supreme Court ban on race-conscious admissions.
对于美国的大学来说，在最高法院禁止种族意识招生后，招募更多来自农村的学生可能成为校园多元化的一个途径。
✦ +
+
本期内容
◆
双语阅读
Para.1
Everyone gets sick. Despite all the vegetables we eat or vitamins we gulp down, sooner or later pathogens such as viruses and harmful bacteria infiltrate our bodies, and we need to take a time-out. We sit back and let our immune system do its job. But when it comes to getting sick, not all immune systems are equal. Some people seem to get sick much more often than others. One could easily conclude that these individuals—such as elementary school teachers or hospital workers—are merely exposed to sick people more often. But susceptibility to illness isn’t as simple as the odds of being exposed to someone with a cold. Each person gets sick differently.
Para.2
Moreover, people recover differently. Not everyone returns to their baseline level of health after the flu or COVID. The biology behind why and how some people get sick more often than others is still largely unknown. But a paper published in 2023 in Nature Communications shines a light on the components of immune resilience—the ability to restore immune functions that stave off diseases and control inflammation caused by infectious diseases, as well as other sources of inflammation.
Para.3
Why are some people more susceptible to getting sick? In general, one would consider three main factors. One would be genetic susceptibility: you’re born with a genetic predisposition to becoming infected more easily. You could have inborn errors, such as polymorphisms in genes that are well described for host immunity.
Para.4
Second would be environments where there’s a heavy burden of infection. If you look at our ancestors, a lot of them passed away by the time they were in their 50s because they had a greater antigenic load [the amount of inflammatory stress an infection causes] before there were vaccines, higher living standards and better sanitation.
Para.5
These are kind of static factors. But then the third factor is response to inflammatory stress. I might respond in one way to one infection and in another way to a different infection. It’s a yin-yang. Environment plays a role, and that same genetic thing that’s protective against one infection can be detrimental for another infection. People show variation in how they respond to these challenges—which could also have a genetic basis.
本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）
发布时间：2023.6.21
作者：Elana Spivack
原文标题：Why Some People Get Sick More Often
◆
写作句总结
原句：The biology behind why and how some people get sick more often than others is still largely unknown.
结构：The A behind X is still largely unknown.
例句：The psychology behind why some people are more resilient to failure is still largely unknown, especially when it comes to their personal coping mechanisms.
◆
阅读理解题
Which of the following factors is NOT identified in the sources as a significant contributor to the variation in how individuals get sick and recover?
A) Genetic susceptibility
B) Exposure to pathogens
C) Environmental factors with high infection burden
D) Response to inflammatory stress
◆
全文概括
The text explores the complexities of immune system responses to illness, noting that susceptibility and recovery vary greatly between individuals. Three key factors influencing illness frequency are highlighted: genetic predisposition, exposure to infectious agents, and individual responses to inflammatory stress. While genetic factors play a role, environmental influences and the dynamic interaction between genetics and environment also significantly impact a person's resilience to disease. The article emphasizes that our understanding of these interactions remains incomplete, despite recent research advancements. Ultimately, the text underscores the intricate and multifaceted nature of human health and immunity.
◆
打卡作业
翻译文章中的划线句，文末留言打卡，下期推送会在文章开头处公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~
翻译 | 大橙子
校对 | 慢慢
词汇词组 | 胖葛柔儿
划线句讲解 | 流木
写作句总结 | 大橙子
免责声明：本文来自网络公开资料，仅供学习交流，其观点和倾向不代表本公众号立场。
