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上期划线句答案
The motley assortment of hackers and political radicals who embraced Bitcoin when it was created by an anonymous coder in 2008 have become millionaires many times over.
一个不知姓名的程序员在2008年创建了比特币，那些当时就接受了它的形形色色的黑客和政治激进分子现在已是超级富翁了。
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本期内容
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双语阅读
Para.1
Anecdotes from around the world describe wild animals—everything from wasps to songbirds to baboons—acting drunk after feeding on fermented fruits. But these incidents are assumed to be rare and accidental, and the scientific literature largely treats alcohol consumption as a uniquely human behavior. Now, a team of researchers is challenging this view. They cite growing evidence that fruit- and nectar-eating animals likely consume ethanol (or ethyl alcohol) on a regular basis. Ethanol is naturally present in nearly every ecosystem. It is made when yeast ferments the sugars in fruits, grains, saps, and nectars.
Para.2
There are several hypotheses regarding why wild animals might ingest ethanol. First, occasional exposure to ethanol could be an unintended byproduct of a fruit-heavy diet. This may explain reports of cedar waxwings flying into solid objects after ingesting fermented fruits.
Para.3
Ethanol consumption could also benefit wild animals in different ways. Animals could use the odors of fermentation to locate nutritious food sources. Additionally, ethanol could be targeted for medicinal purposes. Fruit flies, for instance, lay their eggs on substances containing ethanol, which protects the eggs from parasites.
Para.4
A well-known hypothesis, at least for humans, is the idea that ingesting ethanol can trigger the release of endorphins and dopamine, leading to feelings of relaxation and happiness,” says Bowland.She and her colleagues say that this cognitive effect of ethanol consumption could have benefits in terms of sociality—but there just isn’t enough data from the wild yet to make any conclusions.
Para.5
In her current research, Bowland is looking at the ethanol content in fruits consumed by chimpanzees. She is studying when fermented fruits are available in the environment and if chimpanzees target these foods. “ I think the take-home message is that we need to move away from this anthropocentric view that alcohol use is strictly limited to humans or a few well-studied animals like fruit flies,” says Bowland. Ethanol is far more prevalent in the natural environment than we previously thought, and probably far more widely used and ingested. And we're still looking at the behavioral and ecological implications of this.
本文节选自：Psychology Today（今日心理学）
发布时间：2025.1.5
作者：Mary Bates
原文标题：Why Do Animals Drink Alcohol?
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写作句总结
原句：Ethanol is far more prevalent in the natural environment than we previously thought, and probably far more widely used and ingested.
结构：X is far more prevalent in Y than we previously thought, and probably far more widely Z.
例句：Pollution is far more widespread in urban areas than we previously thought, and probably far more damaging to public health.
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阅读理解题
According to the provided sources, which of the following is NOT a proposed reason for why wild animals might consume ethanol?
A) To utilize the odors of fermentation to locate food.
B) As an unintended consequence of eating fermented fruits.
C) To deliberately seek out experiences of intoxication for pleasure.
D) As a means of protecting offspring from parasites.
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全文概括
Research suggests that ethanol consumption, previously considered a uniquely human behavior, is common among various wild animals. Evidence indicates that many fruit- and nectar-eating animals regularly ingest ethanol naturally present in fermented foods. Potential benefits include locating food sources via fermentation odors, potential medicinal properties, and possible social advantages due to ethanol's effect on mood. Further studies are needed to fully understand the behavioral and ecological impacts of ethanol consumption in the wild, challenging the anthropocentric view of alcohol use.
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打卡作业
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翻译 | 大橙子
校对 | 李柚子
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写作句总结 | 沅沅
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