Damage caused to a pair of undersea communications cables in the Baltic Sea is likely to have been an act of sabotage, Germany’s defence minister has said.

德国国防部长表示，波罗的海两条海底通信电缆遭到破坏很可能是人为行为。

Boris Pistorius said it was unclear who was responsible for what he described as a “hybrid” warfare tactic after the severing of two fibre optic cables within 24 hours — one between Germany and Finland and another between Sweden and Lithuania.

鲍里斯•皮斯托留斯(Boris Pistorius)表示，目前尚不清楚谁对他所说的“混合”战争策略负责。此前，24小时内有两条光纤电缆被切断，一条连接德国和芬兰，另一条连接瑞典和立陶宛。

But he added: “No one believes that these cables were cut accidentally . . . Therefore we have to state, without knowing specifically who it came from, that it is a ‘hybrid’ action. And we also have to assume, without knowing it yet, that it is sabotage.”

但他补充道：“没有人相信这些电缆是意外断裂的……我们不得不在无法具体确定其原因的情况下将其称为一次‘混合’行动。而且，我们还必须在不了解情况的前提下推定这是一次破坏活动。”

——本文2024年11月20日发布于FT中文网，英文原题为 Severing of Baltic Sea cables likely to be sabotage, Germany says

Ukraine has struck a military target inside Russia using US-made long-range Atacms missiles for the first time since Joe Biden’s administration lifted restrictions on their use, according to Ukrainian officials.

据乌克兰官员介绍，乌克兰已首次使用美国的陆军战术导弹系统(ATACMS)打击了俄罗斯境内纵深地带的一个军事目标，此前乔•拜登(Joe Biden)领导的美国行政当局解除了对这些远程导弹的使用限制。

Warheads launched by the Army Tactical Missile System, or Atacms, hit a large weapons arsenal near the town of Karachev in Russia’s Bryansk region on Tuesday, more than 115km from the Ukrainian border, the officials said.

官员们表示，ATACMS系统的导弹周二击中了俄罗斯布良斯克州(Bryansk Oblast)卡拉切夫镇(Karachev)附近的一个大型军火库，距离俄乌边境超过115公里。

The depot is 190km north of the frontline in the neighbouring Kursk region, where Russian forces are trying to push out Ukrainian troops who occupy about 600 sq km of territory after their surprise incursion in August.

俄军正试图在邻近的库尔斯克州(Kursk Oblast)驱逐在8月发起突袭后占领该州约600平方公里领土的乌军。该军火库位于库尔斯克前线以北190公里处。

——本文2024年11月20日发布于FT中文网，英文原题为 Ukraine strikes Russia with US-made long-range missiles for first time

Lord Peter Mandelson has said the UK should use Nigel Farage and Elon Musk’s British “friends” as a “bridgehead” to build relations with Donald Trump’s incoming US administration.

彼得•曼德尔森勋爵表示，英国应该利用奈杰尔•法拉奇和埃隆•马斯克的英国“朋友”作为与唐纳德•特朗普即将上任的美国政府建立关系的“桥头堡”。

The suggestion by the former business secretary, who is considered the frontrunner to be the UK’s ambassador to the US, is at odds with official government policy not to engage Farage in an international diplomatic capacity.

这位前商务大臣被认为是担当英国驻美国大使的潜在人选中的领跑者，他的建议与政府不让法拉奇担任国际外交职务的官方政策背道而驰。

Mandelson described Farage, who is now an MP and leader of the Reform UK party, as “a bridgehead, both to President Trump and to Elon Musk and others”, saying the UK should “swallow your pride” and engage with the Tesla and X leader’s associates. 

曼德尔森将现任国会议员兼英国改革党领导人的法拉奇形容为“通向特朗普总统和埃隆•马斯克等人的桥头堡”，称英国应该“放下骄傲”，与这位特斯拉和X领导人的同伙进行接触。

——本文2024年11月20日发布于FT中文网，英文原题为 UK should use Farage as ‘bridgehead’ to Trump and Musk, says Mandelson

Lack of internal deliberation abilities — thinking, in other words — has long been considered one of the main weaknesses of artificial intelligence. The scale of a recent advance in this by ChatGPT creator OpenAI is a point of debate within the scientific community. But it leads many of my expert colleagues and I to believe that there is a chance that we are on the brink of bridging the gap to human-level reasoning.

缺乏内部思维能力（换句话说就是不能思考）长期被认为是人工智能(AI)的主要弱点之一。ChatGPT的创建者OpenAI近年在这方面取得的进展规模是科学界内部的一个辩论焦点。但它让我和我的许多专家同僚相信，我们有可能即将缩小与人类水平推理之间的差距。

Researchers have long argued that traditional neural networks — the leading approach to AI — align more with “system 1” cognition. This corresponds to direct or intuitive answers to questions (such as when automatically recognising a face). Human intelligence, on the other hand, also relies on “system 2” cognition. This involves internal deliberation and enables powerful forms of reasoning (like when solving a maths problem or planning something in detail). It allows us to combine pieces of knowledge in coherent but novel ways.

研究人员长期主张，传统的神经网络（AI的领先方法）更符合“系统1”认知。这对应于针对问题给出直接或直观答案（例如在自动识别人脸时）。另一方面，人类智能也依赖于“系统2”认知。它涉及到内部思维，并启用强大的推理形式（例如在解决数学难题或详细规划某事时）。它使我们能够以连贯而新颖的方式组合知识点。

OpenAI’s advance, which has not yet been fully released to the public, is based on a form of AI with internal deliberation made with their o1 large language model (LLM).

OpenAI的进展（尚未完全向公众发布）是基于使用其o1大型语言模型(LLM)进行内部思维的AI形式。

——本文2024年11月20日发布于FT中文网，英文原题为 AI can learn to think before it speaks