这是OnHERWAY的第274篇原创文章
周末了,诚心推荐一本书:Do Nothing。副标题是:How to Break Away from Overworking, Overdoing, and Underliving。
推荐本书有两个主要原因,第一是内容,第二是语言(所以我在写作本文时,会有意地贴出作者的原文,让大家感受一下。)
先说内容。
虽然书的封面上画了一只树懒(这个形象通常让人联想到速度慢效率低),但在我看来,这本书的核心观点不是让你放慢速度,而是让你更有效率地做每一件事,或者说100%地投入每一件事,而不是把精力打散,变成工作、休息、娱乐互相你中有我,我中有你——这恰恰是现代人burnout的重要原因。
下面这两段话很集中地概括了作者的观点:
第一,不要让假期变成你额外的工作日,甚至以利用休假时工作为豪。
Please don't leverage your vacation. In fact, if you spend your vacation time truly separated from work stress, research shows that you are more likely to return to work refreshed and ultimately perform betteron the job. Leveraging your vacation could cause you to make more mistakes andbad decisions while at work. It will likely backfire.
第二,不要用工作定义自己、不要对长时间工作习以为常,并下意识地去合理化。这是病,得治。
Workaholic is a disease. We need treatment and coping advice for those afflicted, not cheerleaders for their misery. If it is a disease, it's the worst kind—the kind we don't admit we have and therefore don't seek to treat. Workaholic should not be a compliment or a humble brag; it should be a cry for help.(特别喜欢humble brag这个词--有多少人暗自觉得很爽值得炫耀?)
各种子论点遍布整本书,我个人而言对如下三点最为感同身受或有所启发:
1. 研究表明,多任务进程会严重影响认知。而女性则是更大的“受害者”,就因为女性普遍被认为更擅长"multitasking", 因而她们事实上肩负了更多重的任务,结果就是遭到更大的伤害。
Our research shows that people who think of themselves as heavy multitaskers are worse at distinguishing between useful information and irrelevant details. The cognitive processes were impaired.
When it comes to simple tasks, women might be better at switching back and forth than men. But-and this is a big but-when it comes to more complex tasks, including most of the things we do while on the job, there is no evidence that women are better at multitasking. In fact, there is plenty of evidence that trying to multitask is really terrible for your brain. Therefore, women are probably more at risk of having their productivity damaged.
2. 真的,请远离社交媒体(某一章节的标题我很喜欢:Take the Media out of your Social) 现代人即使无法完全避免,至少要严格限制使用时长。它让你越来越没法接受未经美颜的世界,生活在虚幻的不切实际的、令人焦虑的比较之中,也无法活“在当下”。
We've heard very often that what we see on Twitter or Snapchat is a curated, heavily edited version of our friends' lives. It's not real because it's not complete. Yet, subconsciously, we're still using that inaccurate picture as a basis for comparison.
作者说她某天休息的时候去了公园hiking-"So my first instinct was to take a picture, but I chose not to, because I wanted that moment to be more precious than an Instagram post. I had come to the park to enjoy the sunshine and landscape. I wanted to escape from work, not to turn my hike into an extension of my professional routine."
3. 越是看上去忙的人,越有空间能够“挤出”时间。调查发现,人们总是下意识高估自己真实的工作时间(比如在工位上刷社交媒体,下单买东西,浏览无关网页这种出工不出力的行为,实际上都被自己算作工作时长)。作者强烈建议keep a log of how you spend time daily for 2-3 weeks, 然后就能发现哪些时间可以被合并同类项的。这样该工作的时候就全力工作,该放空的时候就尽情放空。不要秒回(非工作的)消息,不要时刻在线——这是一种病!(当然,工作消息也未必总要秒回,但这是另一个话题不做讨论)
An understanding of how our hours are spent is known as "time perception." People who have little time perception spend more time watching TV or lingering on social media sites, and they often report feeling overwhelmed, whereas people who have high time perception scores—who are very aware of their schedules—actually tend to set aside more time for leisure.
Work expands to fit the time available…(真的超级喜欢这句话!倘若不人为设立一个防火墙,工作就会主动填满你的时间,可是效率和情绪都不会高)And it is the busiest man who has time to spare.
再说语言。
说实话,仅从所表达的观点来看,本书其实挺适合浓缩成一篇杂志上的长文,作为一本书看到后来确实会发现一些车轱辘话。但是,从语言学习的角度,本书包含了太多生动形象的表述值得划线记录在小本本上!这里我仅举三类例子——
1. 学习同义词组表达
例如,“拼了老命埋头工作”这个词英语怎么说?除了最朴素的work hard, 作者还在行文过程中交替使用了如下:
-Knuckle down
-Slog away
-Grind away
-Toil and grit/toil endlessly
2. 发现地道表述
例如,作者说如今人们的面对面交流少了,更多在网上关注自己完全不认识的人分享生活。但是通过社交媒体窥到陌生人滤镜后的生活,比起和现实生活中认识的人相互比较,伤害来得更大。为此她是这样写的:
Here's another interesting wrinkle here because we have cut back on our in-person interactions with neighbors and friends. The people we compare ourselves to are often not the people who lead similar lives to our own. This adds another layer to the inaccuracy of our judgments. As the sociologist Juliet Schor explains, we are now trying to keep up not with the Joneses, but with the Kardashians.
上面这段的最后一句很有意思。首先你要理解什么是“keep up with the Joneses”——这个俚语是指人们总是忍不住和邻居攀比(Jones是一个英语国家非常普遍的姓氏,此处Joneses就泛指邻居家)。
那么过渡到了社交网络时代,比较的对象就不是你所认识的邻居们(Joneses),而是社交媒体上大热的红人(比如,卡戴珊家族~)是不是很妙?
3. 检验并拓宽知识面
来看下面这段话:
If you believe your life could be a Horatio Alger story—a narrative of rising from rags to riches through hard work, determination, and virtue—you're more likely to support existing economic and political policies. This is because the Horatio Alger myth reinforces the idea that success is attainable through individual effort within the current system, making you less inclined to seek or advocate for systemic changes. Instead, you might view the status quo as offering the opportunity for upward mobility, rather than seeing it as something that needs to be reformed.
如果你知道Horatio Alger是19世纪美国作家,就能更好理解为何此处作者要cue他。其作品的主题通常是“白手起家”(from rags to riches的励志故事(比如Ragged Dick),其信奉的“只要努力就能成功”的观念,也曾经是美国梦的重要注解。
果不其然,作者也提到了Marx Weber著名的《新教伦理与资本主义精神》。总之,可以借助阅读的过程对自己的知识体系查遗补缺。
总之,这本书对我个人影响还挺大的,因为它所传达的理念耦合也强化了我近期对生活工作习惯所作出的调整,包括但不仅限于:
工作时如无必要坚决不看手机;每50分钟休息一次,放空5分钟;晚间尤其是睡前尽量不看手机。
除特殊情况外,大部分时候设定每天的大致工作时长。强制留出纯粹的休息时间,减少multitasking的情形。
工作和休息冲突的时候,只要不是迫不得已或者有huge stake, 原则上优先休息。提前告诉别人你的休假计划,不会对工作Say No走不长久。
清理社交媒体的关注列表,同时只保留1-2个新闻app通知推送。真正重要的事情一定以各种方式找到我,自己不用时刻在线。
精读真正经典的书;泛读各类流行书籍;从每天看新闻头条,减少到一周只留出2个时段集中浏览新闻,毕竟新闻绝大部分时候也都是噪音而已,非但左右不了大势还徒增了很多干扰。
以“为我所用”的心态,逆转自己和社交平台的权力关系——必要时发布,必要时浏览,但绝不“挂着”“刷着”。(想想张一鸣,他创造了抖音挣了大钱,可是自己却很少一直“刷”抖音。国外的社交媒体也是一丘之貉,Ins,X没高级到哪儿去)。
另外,总有朋友来询问如何提升英语水平。其实,语言学习最讲究“种瓜得瓜”,倘若不愿意去花时间刻意浸润在那个语言环境里,进行刻意练习,指望速成概率是挺低的。现在网络上的听说读写资源可比几十年前好太多了,可能也就是“说”的部分稍微困难点(不过也有线上的口语课)。比如在法语学习的过程中,我也会提醒自己不要轻易抱怨缺乏语言环境,毕竟努力的程度、基本功的扎实程度自己有数,还轮不到语言环境背锅吧?
总之,这就是为什么我坚持认为阅读书籍优先于读深度文章,读深度文章好于看社交媒体上别人总结的内容概要——第一,你能看到作者的论证过程。知其然但不知其所以然,很容易记不住结论;第二,你能看到这些生动的行文,语言学习都是点滴积累来的啊;第三,你能迫使自己重塑注意力,试问多少人集中不了20分钟就忍不住拿起手机翻翻?(我自己曾经也是!)
一句话:放下手机,立地成佛。