上期答案
The mind is always the dupe of the heart.
理智常受感情的愚弄。
本期内容
早上好，读者朋友们，今天分享的文章选自《今日心理学》。在我们纷繁复杂的日常生活中，每一个选择、每一个行动似乎都经过了深思熟虑。然而，你是否曾意识到，那些埋藏在我们内心深处的记忆、过去的关系以及隐藏的感受，正以一种微妙而强大的方式，悄悄地指导着我们的行为？潜意识，这个神秘而深邃的心理领域，承载着我们的经历、情感和信念。它像是一个无形的指挥官，在我们的意识之外，默默地塑造着我们的日常决策和行为模式。那些看似微不足道的瞬间，可能正是潜意识在发挥作用，将我们的过去与现在紧密相连。
How Your Unconscious Mind Guides Your Behavior Every Day
你的潜意识如何指导你的日常行为
1
Raise your hand if the concept of the unconscious mind brings to mind a cartoon iceberg, showing 10 percent of its mass above water shining brightly in the sun, and 90 percent underwater, dark, gloomy, and mysterious—something you probably saw in your Psych 101 textbook.Some people consider the unconscious a discredited notion, a fusty old concept associated with Sigmund Freud, his Viennese couch, and his cigars—something people once believed could only be reached through dreams or fantasies. But no! The unconscious mind is alive and well in each of us, and has powerful effects on our everyday functioning.
unconscious adj.无意识的，潜意识的
fusty /ˈfʌsti adj.发霉的；过时的，守旧的
cigar /sɪˈɡɑːr n. 雪茄烟
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Our emotions, our memories, and even the way we see ourselves (and those who are dear to us) are deeply influenced by unconscious beliefs and feelings. These effects have been studied extensively over the past few decades, offering plenty of evidence for the power of the unconscious mind.In fact, every school of thought in the field of psychotherapy—from psychoanalysis to CBT to relational treatment—is premised in large part on the notion that your past experiences will influence the present. (To say it another way, the way you feel now is filtered through your expectations, which are derived from your previous experiences.)
school n.学派，流派
school of thought 学派
psychotherapy /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθerəpi/ n. 心理疗法
derive from 来自于
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我们的情绪、记忆，甚至我们看待自己（以及我们所爱的人）的方式，都深受潜意识信念和感受的影响。过去几十年来，人们对这些影响进行了广泛的研究，为潜意识的力量提供了大量证据。事实上，心理治疗领域的每一个学派——从精神分析到认知行为疗法再到关系疗法——在很大程度上都基于这样的观点：你的过去经历会影响现在。（换句话说，你现在的感受会受到你期望的影响，而这些期望又源于你之前的经历。）
In psychoanalysis, as Jonathan Shedler, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at UCSF says, feelings and conflicts from the past can be retained and can “leak out” into the present (Shedler, 2022). “Conflicts involving anger are… commonplace,” Shedler writes. “Some people, especially those with a certain kind of depressive personality, seem unable to acknowledge or express anger toward others but instead treat themselves in punitive and self-destructive ways.”
depressive /dɪˈpresɪv/ adj. 抑郁的
punitive /ˈpjuːnətɪv/ adj. 惩罚性的
self-destructive adj. 自毁的
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在精神分析中，加州大学旧金山分校（UCSF）精神病学与行为科学临床教授乔纳森·谢德勒（Jonathan Shedler）指出，过去的情感和冲突可能会被保留下来，并“渗透”到当下（Shedler, 2022）。谢德勒写道：“涉及愤怒的情绪冲突……十分常见。一些人，尤其是某种抑郁型人格的人，似乎无法承认或向他人表达愤怒，反而会以惩罚性和自我毁灭的方式对待自己。”
Unconscious knowledge and beliefs can also affect the way you see yourself and the other people around you. Neuroscientists might put this in the context of conceptual activation—which is to say, the notion that within your “neural network,” two different but similar ideas can be lightly activated by each other.Drew Westen, professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at Emory University, puts it this way: “When we attend to something, our brain simply enhances activation of the same… circuits that represent information that is peripheral to consciousness or even outside of awareness.” Practically speaking, this is the neural mechanism through which new people are experienced through the lens of your memories of people from the past.
notion /ˈnoʊʃ(ə)n n. 概念，想法
peripheral /pəˈrɪfərəl/ adj.外围的，周边的
lens /lenz/ n. 透镜，镜片
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潜意识中的知识和信念同样会影响你如何看待自己以及周围的人。神经科学家可能会将此置于概念激活的背景下进行解释，即在你的“神经网络”中，两个不同但相似的概念可以相互轻微激活。埃默里大学（Emory University）心理学与精神病学教授德鲁·维斯特恩是这样描述的：“当我们关注某件事时，我们的大脑会增强对同一事物的激活……这些回路代表着意识边缘甚至意识之外的信息。”从实际的角度来说，这就是通过大脑神经机制，你会以过去人物的记忆为滤镜，来体验新结识的人。
I’ll close with a telling anecdote about a 1996 study of college students, from the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, entitled “Positive Illusions About the Self.” It’s probably not too difficult to think of someone suffering from excessively positive illusions in that way; what this experiment suggested was that these people might be unconsciously using these illusions to defend against inner self-doubt.In the study, Richard Robins and Jennifer S. Beer gathered a large number of first-year college students, matched them according to grades and standardized test scores, and separated out the students who were prone to self-aggrandizement of their academic skills and artificially heightened expectations of their college performance. After two years in school, these self-enhancing students were no more pleased with their performance than the other, more realistic group—but they were 32 percent more likely to have dropped out of college entirely. Unconsciously, perhaps, they had always suspected that their abilities wouldn’t hold up in a college environment, but instead of acknowledging their fears and seeking assistance, they defensively overstated them.
anecdote /ˈænɪkdoʊt/ n. 轶事，趣闻
prone /proʊn/ adj. 有做……倾向的
overstate /ˌoʊvərˈsteɪt/ v. 夸大
最后，我想讲一则有趣的轶事，它是 1996 年《人格与社会心理学杂志》对大学生进行的一项研究的成果，题为“对自我的积极幻想”。想象一个人会以这种方式遭受过度积极幻想的折磨可能并不难；这项实验表明，这些人可能在无意识中利用这些幻想来抵御内心的自我怀疑。在这项研究中，理查德·罗宾斯和詹妮弗·S·比尔召集了大量大学一年级学生，根据成绩和标准化考试分数对他们进行匹配，并筛选出那些容易自我夸大学术技能和对大学表现抱有高期望的学生。在学校学习两年后，这些自我夸大的学生对自己的表现并不比另一组更现实的学生更满意——但他们完全退学的可能性却高出 32%。也许在潜意识中，他们一直怀疑自己的能力在大学环境中无法维持，但他们没有承认自己的恐惧并寻求帮助，而是防御性地夸大了这些恐惧。
Journal：psychologytoday
Title：How Your Unconscious Mind Guides Your Behavior Every Day（Oct 28, 2024）
Category：Unconscious Mind
END
写作句式积累
It's easy to dismiss the idea of the unconscious mind as an old theory, but it has real, measurable effects.
dismiss ... as ... 认为...无用而摒弃
人们很容易将潜意识的概念视为一种古老理论而予以驳斥，但它却有着真实的、可衡量的影响。
翻译练习
All of us, then, can learn from the example of these students: Understanding the influence of our unconscious minds can offer useful and important information about ourselves, and we ignore this information at our own risk.
翻译练习，欢迎大家文末留言打卡，下期推送文章公布答案哟，一起阅外刊学英语吧！
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