上期答案
CRISPR-based approaches can help expand the genetic toolkit microbiome engineers have available, bringing them a step closer to understanding the roles and interactions between microbial community members and how these shape their communities and influence the organisms’ hosting them.
基于crispr的方法可以帮助扩展微生物工程师可用的遗传工具包，使他们更接近于理解微生物群落成员之间的角色和相互作用，以及这些成员如何塑造他们的群落并影响生物体的宿主。
本期内容
早上好，读者朋友们，今天分享的文章选自《今日心理学》。在育儿的世界里，父母的爱如同阳光雨露，滋养着孩子的心田。然而，当这份爱变得过于放纵，失去了应有的界限与引导时，它便如同一把双刃剑，既可能带来短暂的欢笑与满足，也可能在不经意间划伤孩子的心灵，留下难以磨灭的伤痕。放纵型父母，他们往往以孩子的快乐为首要目标，不惜一切代价满足孩子的需求与愿望。然而，这种看似无私的爱，实则隐藏着巨大的风险。它可能导致孩子权利意识过度膨胀，学会利用他人的善意与让步来达到自己的目的；它可能让孩子在愤怒管理上出现问题，无法有效地控制自己的情绪，甚至以暴力或破坏性行为来宣泄不满；它还可能滋养出自恋的土壤，让孩子过分关注自我，忽视他人的感受与需要。那么，放纵型父母究竟是如何在不经意间伤害孩子的呢？
How Permissive Parents Hurt Their Children
纵容的父母如何伤害孩子?
1
When Terrie moved to town and joined her local parenting group, she was surprised to find so many people sharing stories of difficulties with their child’s behavior. Many of these comments came with groans of dismay and shared stories of restaurant debacles and lost TV privileges. After a few gatherings, Terrie admitted that she never had to set limits for Elizabeth, who was eight years old, and time outs were exceedingly rare.
dismay /dɪsˈmeɪ/ n. 担忧；失望，沮丧
debacle /dɪˈbɑːk(ə)l/ n．溃败；崩溃
privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ n. 特权，特殊待遇
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Terrie has adopted what can be called the indulgent/permissive parent position. This is most typically identified by the parent’s outright and pervasive over-indulgence. The child is provided with most everything she wants and, in some cases, with everything money can buy. She is seen as “special,” prettier than other children, more likable than other children, more popular than other children, or put simply, just better all around. As such, she is deserving of special treatment. She doesn't need to “worry her pretty little head” about insignificant things or the duties and obligations of daily life. The child is overly valued, and the relationship is characterized by excessive caretaking and attention accompanied by limited demands.
indulgent /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/ adj. 纵容的，放纵的
permissive /pərˈmɪsɪv/ adj. 放任的
obligation /ˌɑːblɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n.义务，责任
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Terrie 采取了所谓的纵容型父母立场。这种立场最典型的特征是父母对孩子的过度溺爱。孩子几乎可以得到她想要的一切，在某些情况下，甚至能得到金钱能买到的一切。她被视为“特别的”，比其他孩子更漂亮，比其他孩子更讨人喜欢，比其他孩子更受欢迎，或者简单地说，各方面都更好。因此，她值得得到特殊待遇。她不需要为无关紧要的事情或日常生活的责任和义务“操心”。孩子受到过度重视，这种关系的特点是过度照顾和关注，同时伴随着极少的要求。
The critical elements in the indulgent/permissive parent position involve the parent’s view of the child as special, and the parent’s treatment of the child, which is characterized by a lack of discipline and a general pattern of indulgence.The combination of this dysfunctional view of the child and this dysfunctional treatment of the child leads to a sense of entitlement. Elizabeth believes she deserves to be the one who picks the games on the playground. She believes her games are fundamentally better, and everyone else should recognize that. She has neither accepted mature limits on the self nor the realistic limits common to all healthy relationships.
discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 纪律，风纪；训导，管教
dysfunctional /dɪsˈfʌŋkʃən(ə)l/ adj. 机能失调的
entitlement n.权利感
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溺爱/纵容型父母立场中的关键因素包括父母对孩子的特殊看法，以及父母对孩子的态度，其特点是缺乏管教和普遍的溺爱。这种对孩子的不正常看法和对孩子的不正常对待相结合，导致了一种权利感。伊丽莎白认为她应该成为操场上选择游戏的人。她认为她的游戏从根本上来说更好，其他人都应该认识到这一点。她既不接受成熟的自我限制，也不接受所有健康关系中常见的现实限制。
If the grandiose or inflated view of the child does not become moderated through limit setting and frustration, the child clings to the view of themselves as better than others and comes to expect special treatment in the form of effusive caring and pampering. This type of child appears to be “spoiled,” and is ultimately emotionally immature and ill-equipped to engage in the mutuality of healthy relationships. Regardless of their presentation to the world, they are entitled.
grandiose /ˈɡrændioʊs/ adj.不切实际的；浮夸的
cling to 坚持做...
spoiled /spɔɪld/ adj.惯坏的，宠坏的
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如果孩子这种自大或膨胀的观念没有通过设定限制和挫折来缓和，孩子就会坚持认为自己比别人好，并开始期待以热情的关心和宠爱的形式得到特殊对待。这种孩子似乎被“宠坏了”，最终在情感上不成熟，没有能力建立健康的人际关系。无论他们向世界展示什么，他们都有权利。
Interestingly, parental indulgence can make children look more mature than they actually are for a while, especially when younger. Parents may explain that their child does not tantrum much, but that seeming strength is the result of the fact that he has not been exposed to much frustration. However, as the indulged child spends more time away from the home, real-world frustrations cannot be avoided and are poorly managed. The child, who earlier appeared to be well adjusted, throws tantrums, flings harsh words at friends, bursts into tears far too often, or acts aggressively toward others.
tantrum /ˈtæntrəm/ n.耍脾气，使性子
fling /flɪŋ/ v.抛；气势汹汹地说
fling yourself at sb 向某人献殷勤
fling yourself into sth 投身于...
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有趣的是，父母的溺爱会让孩子在一段时间内看起来比实际成熟，尤其是在孩子还小的时候。父母可能会解释说，他们的孩子不怎么发脾气，但这种看似坚强的性格是因为他没有经历过太多挫折。然而，随着被溺爱的孩子离开家的时间越来越长，现实生活中的挫折是不可避免的，他们也无法控制自己。这个孩子以前似乎适应得很好，但现在却发脾气、对朋友说粗话、经常大哭大闹，或者对别人表现出攻击性。
Journal：psychologytoday
Title：How Permissive Parents Hurt Their Children(October 28, 2024)
Category：Parenting
END
写作句式积累
Accomplishment without effort and fulfillment without investment undermine the development of the essential structures that ensure health and maturity.
没有努力的成就和没有投入的满足会削弱那些保障健康与成熟所必需的基本结构的发展。
翻译练习
Indulgence fuels entitlement, problems in anger management, and narcissism.
翻译练习，欢迎大家文末留言打卡，下期推送文章公布答案哟，一起阅外刊学英语吧！
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