新疆地毯 | 新疆非物质文化遗产

文摘   2025-02-04 10:08   北京  













一针一线,

丝绸之路。




新疆地毯是原产于新疆地区的一类羊毛栽绒地毯。新疆地毯素以历史悠久、技艺高超而驰名于世,是新疆传统的民族工艺美术品,是新疆主要出口商品之一。



Xinjiang carpet is a type of wool tufted carpet originating from the Xinjiang region. Xinjiang carpets are renowned for their long history and superb craftsmanship and are traditional ethnic arts and crafts in Xinjiang. They are one of the main export commodities of Xinjiang.






走进新疆地毯



新疆地毯新疆少数民族尤其是维吾尔族人民的一种的传统文化象征,具有独特的民族特色和精巧的工艺水平。维吾尔族的地毯是具有悠久历史传统的手工艺品,它集绘画、编织、刺绣、印染等手工技艺于一体。或悬挂于厅堂之壁,或展铺于室内走廊,毯面光泽平滑,毯板挺实柔和,美观大方,经久耐用,是维吾尔族劳动人民智慧的结晶。


Xinjiang carpet is a traditional cultural symbol of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, especially the Uyghur people, with unique ethnic characteristics and exquisite craftsmanship. Uyghur carpets are handmade crafts with a long history and tradition, integrating painting, weaving, embroidery, printing and dyeing, and other manual skills. It can be hung on the walls of halls or displayed in indoor corridors. The carpet surface is glossy and smooth, the carpet board is firm and soft, beautiful and generous, durable, and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Uyghur working people.



和田是新疆地毯的故乡,新疆地毯亦称东方地毯,式样、图案和色彩均富有浓郁的民族特色和地方风格,花纹对称、整齐,线条细腻,对比色彩强烈。有铺毯、挂毯、座垫毯、拜垫毯、褥毯等


Hotan is the hometown of carpets in Xinjiang, also known as Oriental carpets. The style, pattern, and colour of Xinjiang carpets are rich in ethnic and local characteristics, with symmetrical and neat patterns, delicate lines, and strong contrasting colours. There are blankets, tapestries, cushion blankets, worship mats, mattress blankets, etc.


Xinjiang carpet






























20世纪30年代,蔚县剪纸达到了一个崭新阶段。以王老赏为代表的一大批民间艺人对大量戏曲人物进行了重新设计、刻制,同时对花卉图案进行规范、改造,丰富了刻纸工具、刻纸技法和染色技法。使蔚县剪纸摆脱了定型时期的青涩,在构图、造型和色彩上形成了自己独特的艺术风格,体现出鲜明的地域特色,开创了独具一格的民间剪纸新流派。蔚具剪纸由此步入成熟期。


In the 1930s, Yuxian Paper Cuttings reached a new stage. A large number of folk artists, represented by Wang Laoshang, have redesigned and carved a large number of opera characters, while standardizing and transforming flower patterns, enriching paper carving tools, techniques, and dyeing techniques. Yuxian Paper Cuttings has broken away from the astringency in the formative period, formed its unique artistic style in composition, shape and colour, reflected distinctive regional characteristics, and created a unique new school of folk Paper Cuttings. From then on, Weiju Paper Cuttings entered its mature period.








新疆地毯不仅国内驰名,在国际上也享有盛誉。其毯面光泽平滑,毯板挺实柔和,美观大方,色调鲜丽,更具鲜明的民族特点和浓厚的地方色彩的地毯图案,在国际地毯业中也独树一帜。新疆地毯作为新疆重要的传统名贵出口商品博得了世界各地用户的好评,被称为独具一格的“东方式”地毯。


Xinjiang carpets are not only well-known domestically, but also internationally renowned. The carpet surface has a smooth lustre, the carpet board is firm and soft, beautiful and generous, the colour tone is fresh, and the carpet pattern has distinct ethnic characteristics and strong local colours, which is also unique in the international carpet industry. As an important traditional precious export commodity in Xinjiang, Xinjiang carpets have won praise from users around the world and are known as a unique "Eastern style" carpet.









新疆地毯








新疆地毯或悬挂于厅堂之壁,或展铺于室内走廊,毯面光泽平滑,毯板挺实柔和,美观大方,色调鲜丽,是理想的家庭、宾馆陈设的高级用品。新疆地毯质地精良,除了采用手工打结、编织,图面织工精致细密(先后经过十数道复杂的工序)之外,还得力于用来织毯的羊毛质地优良。新疆地毯原料采用著名的半粗毛与和田羊羊毛。这种羊毛粗而不粘,坚韧而富于弹性,具有耐拉、耐压、光泽好、强度大的优点。


Xinjiang carpets are hung on the walls of halls or displayed in indoor corridors. The carpet surface is smooth and glossy, the carpet board is firm and soft, beautiful and generous, and the colour tone is fresh. It is an ideal high-end product for home and hotel decoration. The texture of carpets in Xinjiang is excellent. In addition to using manual knotting and weaving, the intricate and detailed weaving process (which has gone through more than ten complex procedures), is also due to the excellent quality of the wool used for weaving carpets. The carpet materials in Xinjiang are made of famous semi-coarse wool and Hetian sheep wool. This type of wool is coarse and non-sticky, tough and elastic, with the advantages of tensile strength, pressure resistance, good lustre, and high strength.





新疆地毯的图素和设色更具有鲜明的民族特点和浓厚的地方色彩,其特点主要是:多层边框,几何图形内填入品类繁多的纹饰,结构严整而富于韵律,活泼多变而富于生活情趣。新疆地毯十分注意将同类色或对比色并置排列,在对比中充分显示各种色彩的个性。新疆地毯原来以染毛线的染料上色,多为植物和矿物制成的天然染料。现在改用化学活性染料,色彩更为鲜艳,着色牢固,经火不褪。


The elements and colours of Xinjiang carpets have distinct ethnic characteristics and strong local colours. Their main features are: multi-layer borders, geometric shapes filled with a wide variety of decorative patterns, strict and rhythmic structure, lively and varied, and rich in life charm. Xinjiang carpets pay great attention to arranging similar or contrasting colours in parallel, fully displaying the individuality of each colour in contrast. Xinjiang carpets were originally coloured with dyes used to dye yarn, mostly natural dyes made from plants and minerals. Now we have switched to using chemical reactive dyes, which make the colours more vivid, the colouring firm, and will not fade after being exposed to fire.







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策划 Presented |馒头

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排版 Editor | 馒头

校对 Proof | Eve

审核 Reviewer | Eve

图片版权Copyright|网络


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