Cloth tiger
布老虎
“布老虎是中国民间艺术中一颗璀璨的明珠，作为国家级非物质文化遗产，承载着深厚的文化底蕴与民俗内涵。它不仅是一种传统手工艺品，更是中华民族精神与情感的寄托。”
Cloth tiger
布老虎
精美／古雅／独特
Cloth tiger
源远流长的历史脉络
布老虎的历史源远流长，其雏形可追溯到原始社会的图腾崇拜。在远古时期，虎被视为强大、勇猛和祥瑞的象征，人们对其充满敬畏与崇拜之情，这种情感逐渐融入到民间艺术创作中。
The cloth tiger has a long history, and its embryonic form can be traced back to the totem worship of primitive society. In ancient times, the tiger was regarded as a symbol of strength, courage and auspiciousness, and people were full of awe and worship for it, which gradually integrated into the folk art creation.
Cloth tiger
布老虎
随着时间的推移，布老虎在不同历史时期呈现出各异的形态与风格。在汉代，虎的形象开始广泛出现在各类工艺品上，其造型简洁质朴，线条刚劲有力，体现了当时雄浑大气的艺术风格，这一时期布老虎制作工艺已具雏形。到了唐宋时期，随着社会经济的繁荣，民间手工艺蓬勃发展，布老虎的制作工艺愈发精细，色彩运用也更加丰富。人们在制作时加入更多创意与巧思，使其造型更为生动活泼，开始从单纯的图腾崇拜象征向兼具装饰性与趣味性的民间玩具转变。
With time, the cloth tiger showed different forms and styles in different historical periods. In the Han Dynasty, the image of the tiger began to appear widely on all kinds of handicrafts, its shape is simple and simple, and the lines are strong, reflecting the artistic style of the vigorous atmosphere at that time, this period of cloth tiger production technology has taken shape. In the Tang and Song dynasties, with the prosperity of the social economy, folk handicrafts developed vigorously, the production process of cloth tigers became finer and finer, and the use of colours was also more abundant. People added more creativity and ingenuity to the production, making its shape more vivid, and began to change from a simple totem worship symbol to a folk toy that is both decorative and interesting.
明清时期，布老虎在民间广泛流传，成为家家户户迎祥纳福的重要物件。在不同地区，布老虎因地域文化差异，呈现出独特的风格特点。如陕西地区的布老虎造型夸张，色彩浓烈鲜艳，以大红大绿等对比强烈的色彩为主，展现出黄土高原人民的豪爽与热情；而山东地区的布老虎则造型较为憨厚可爱，线条圆润流畅，色彩搭配相对柔和，体现出齐鲁大地的温婉与质朴。
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, cloth tigers spread widely among the people and became an important object for every household to welcome good fortune. In different regions, cloth tigers show unique style characteristics due to regional cultural differences. For example, the cloth tigers in Shaanxi are exaggerated in shape, strong and bright in colour, and dominated by strong contrast colours such as red and green, showing the fortitude and enthusiasm of people on the Loess Plateau; The cloth tiger in Shandong is more simple and lovely, the lines are smooth and smooth, and the colours are relatively soft, reflecting the warmth and simplicity of the land of Qilu.
独具匠心的制作流程
1. 选材：布老虎的制作材料主要为棉布、丝绸、棉花等。选用质地柔软、色彩鲜艳的布料，以保证成品的美观与触感。棉布用于制作主体，丝绸则常用于装饰细节，如眼睛、花纹等部位，棉花作为填充材料，让布老虎饱满且富有弹性。
1. Material selection: The production materials of cloth tiger are mainly cotton, silk, cotton and so on. Choose soft and colourful fabrics to ensure the beauty and touch of the finished product. Cotton is used to make the body, silk is often used for decorative details, such as eyes, patterns and other parts, and cotton is used as a filling material to make the cloth tiger full and elastic.
2. 裁剪：根据设计好的图纸，将布料裁剪成相应的形状。布老虎的身体、四肢、头部等部件需分别裁剪，裁剪时要注意尺寸比例，确保各部分拼接后能呈现出协调的造型。裁剪过程中，边缘部分要预留一定的缝份，方便后续缝制。
2. Cutting: According to the designed drawing, cut the fabric into the corresponding shape. The body, limbs, head and other parts of the cloth tiger should be cut separately, and the size proportion should be paid attention to when cutting to ensure that each part can present a coordinated shape after splicing. During the cutting process, the edge part should be reserved for a certain amount of sewing, which is convenient for subsequent sewing.
3. 缝制：将裁剪好的部件进行缝制。一般先从头部开始，缝制眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴等五官，通过不同针法，如刺绣、贴布绣等，使五官生动形象。接着将身体、四肢等部分依次缝合，在缝合过程中要注意针脚均匀细密，保证整体的牢固性与美观度。
3. Sewing: Sew the cut parts. Generally starts from the head, sewing eyes, nose, mouth and other features, through different stitches, such as embroidery, and cloth embroidery, so that the five features have vivid images. Then the body, limbs and other parts are stitched in turn, and pay attention to the uniform and fine stitching in the stitching process to ensure the overall firmness and aesthetics.
4. 填充：缝制完成后，将棉花均匀地填充到布老虎的各个部位，使其饱满有型。填充时要注意力度适中，避免出现局部过实或过软的情况，确保布老虎外形圆润、手感舒适。
4. Filling: After sewing is completed, the cotton is evenly filled to all parts of the cloth tiger to make it full and shaped. When filling, pay attention to moderate strength, avoid local too solid or too soft, and ensure that the cloth tiger is rounded and comfortable.
5. 装饰：这是赋予布老虎独特魅力的关键环节。运用彩绘、刺绣、贴花等多种装饰手法，在布老虎身上添加花纹、图案。常见的有象征吉祥的云纹、寓意长寿的寿字纹等，通过丰富的装饰，使布老虎充满了艺术感染力与文化内涵。
5. Decoration: This is the key link that gives the cloth tiger its unique charm. Use colour painting, embroidery, applique and other decorative techniques to add patterns and patterns on the cloth tiger. The common moire, which symbolizes auspicious, and longevity, which means longevity, etc., make the cloth tiger full of artistic appeal and cultural connotation through rich decoration.
鉴赏赏析
1. 造型之美：布老虎造型丰富多样，或憨态可掬，或威风凛凛。有的布老虎头部硕大，眼睛圆睁，嘴巴夸张地咧开，呈现出一种天真可爱的模样；有的则身体矫健，四肢粗壮有力，尾巴高高翘起，尽显虎之威猛。其造型并非完全写实，而是经过民间艺人的大胆想象与夸张变形，将虎的特征进行提炼与升华，形成了独特的艺术风格，既保留了虎的神韵，又增添了几分童趣与亲和力。
1. Beauty of shape: Cloth tiger shape is rich and varied, naive, or dignified. Some cloth tigers have big heads, round eyes and exaggerated mouths, showing an innocent and lovely appearance; Some have strong bodies, strong limbs, and high tails, showing the strength of the tiger. Its shape is not completely realistic, but through the bold imagination and exaggerated deformation of folk artists, the characteristics of the tiger are refined and sublimated, forming a unique artistic style, which not only retains the charm of the tiger but also adds a little childlike interest and affinity.
2. 色彩之韵：布老虎在色彩运用上大胆而热烈，多采用红、黄、绿、蓝等纯度较高的色彩。红色象征着吉祥喜庆，黄色寓意着富贵荣华，绿色代表生机与活力，这些色彩相互搭配，形成强烈的视觉冲击。民间艺人巧妙地运用色彩对比与调和原理，使布老虎色彩鲜艳却不失和谐，洋溢着浓郁的民间艺术气息，给人带来欢快、活泼的感受。
2. Color rhyme: Cloth tiger is bold and warm in the use of colour, mostly using red, yellow, green, blue and other high-purity colours. Red symbolizes luck and happiness, yellow means wealth and prosperity, and green represents vitality and vitality, these colours match each other, forming a strong visual impact. Folk artists skillfully use the principle of colour contrast and harmony, so that the cloth tiger is colourful but harmonious, permeated with a strong folk art atmosphere, giving people a cheerful and lively feeling.
3. 文化内涵：布老虎蕴含着丰富的文化寓意。它是驱邪避灾、守护平安的象征，常被作为礼物送给孩子，希望孩子能像老虎一样健康强壮、勇敢无畏。同时，布老虎身上的各种装饰图案也承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祈愿，如牡丹图案寓意富贵吉祥，石榴图案象征多子多福等，这些文化内涵通过布老虎这一载体代代相传，成为中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分。
3. Cultural connotation: The cloth tiger contains rich cultural connotations. It is a symbol of warding off evil and protecting peace and is often given to children as a gift, hoping that children can be as healthy and strong as tigers, and brave. At the same time, the various decorative patterns on the cloth tiger also carry people's yearning for and prayer for a better life, such as the peony pattern meaning wealth and good luck, the pomegranate pattern symbolizing many children, etc. These cultural connotations are passed from generation to generation through the carrier of the cloth tiger, becoming an important part of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation.
传承发展的时代展望
布老虎作为非物质文化遗产，是中华民族民间智慧的结晶。它的发展历史见证了不同时期社会文化的变迁，制作流程凝聚着民间艺人的精湛技艺，而其独特的造型、绚丽的色彩以及深厚的文化内涵，使其具有极高的艺术价值与文化价值。在现代社会，尽管受到工业化生产与外来文化的冲击，但布老虎依然以其独特魅力吸引着人们的目光。它不仅是一种传统手工艺品，更是连接过去与现在、传承民族文化的重要纽带。我们应重视对布老虎这一非遗的保护与传承，让这一古老的民间艺术在新时代绽放出更加绚烂的光彩，继续为人们带来美的享受与文化的滋养 。
As an intangible cultural heritage, cloth tiger is the crystallization of Chinese folk wisdom. Its development history has witnessed social and cultural changes in different periods. The production process embodies the exquisite skills of folk artists, and its unique shape, brilliant colour and profound cultural connotation make it of high artistic value and cultural value. In modern society, despite the impact of industrial production and foreign culture, the cloth tiger still attracts people's attention with its unique charm. It is not only a traditional handicraft, but also an important link between the past and the present and the inheritance of national culture. We should attach importance to the protection and inheritance of the intangible heritage of the cloth tiger so that this ancient folk art will shine more brightly in the new era, and continue to bring people the enjoyment of beauty and the nourishment of culture.
不只是非遗，更是一种传承
Not only intangible cultural heritage but also a form of inheritance
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