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上期划线句答案
Morgan Stanley’s Michael Mauboussin points out that discounted cash flow calculations attribute a lot of value to the earnings generated after the end of the forecast period.
摩根士丹利的迈克尔·莫博辛指出，折现现金流的计算方法中大量的价值压在了预测期结束后产生的收益上。
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本期内容
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双语阅读
Para.1
Zebras, a children’s tale goes, became striped after “standing half in the shade and half out of it.” While the author, Rudyard Kipling, wasn’t a biologist, his story may hold some truth: research shows that when temperatures rise, animals become lighter in color, resembling the sun-exposed parts of the storybook zebra. In the humid shadows, meanwhile, darker hues prevail.
Para.2
As our planet warms up and rain patterns shift, the feathers and skin of many species are changing colors, often getting lighter. Snails in the Netherlands are going from brown to yellow. In a species of tropical bee in Costa Rica, the proportion of orange to blue individuals is increasing. Lizards in France are turning lighter, and so are many insects and birds across the globe. “Under global warming one would expect that the darker species, and darker individuals, might decline,” says Stefan Pinkert, an ecologist and evolutionary biologist at Yale University.
Para.3
There are two main ways in which animal skin, fur and feathers are colored. Some of the hues we perceive are from the interaction of light with the microstructure of feathers or scales—think of a hummingbird that changes color depending on the angle at which you spot it. Others are caused by pigments, molecules that absorb light, such as carotenoids, which produce yellow, red and orange colors, and melanins, responsible for black, gray, brown and rustlike hues.
Para.4
Melanins, the most common pigments in birds and mammals, may be affected by rising temperatures and changing rain patterns. “If you have more melanin in your skin or your fur or feathers, then it tends to absorb more heat,” says Matthew Shawkey, an evolutionary biologist at Ghent University in Belgium. This may be a disadvantage as the temperature soars, he says, because it can cause animals to overheat. On the flip side, if it rains more, pathogens tend to thrive. In such conditions, dark melanins can be protective because they “toughen up tissues,” Shawkey says.
Para.5
With global warming, some animal populations are becoming even lighter. Between 1967 and 2010, as temperatures in the Netherlands rose by 1.5 to two degrees Celsius, brown land snails gave way to yellow ones. Between 1990 and 2020 in the U.K., dragonflies and damselflies got progressively lighter, too—as Pinkert and his colleagues found in a 2023 paper. And if you’ve looked closely at some dragonflies, you may have noticed that they now have fewer dark ornaments on their wings.
本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）
发布时间：2024.11.20
作者：
原文标题：Climate Change Is Altering Animals' Colors
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写作句总结
原句：If you have more melanin in your skin or your fur or feathers, then it tends to absorb more heat, says Matthew Shawkey, an evolutionary biologist at Ghent University in Belgium.
结构：If you have more X in Y, then it tends to do Z.
例句：If you have more determination in your pursuit of knowledge, then it tends to drive you toward success.
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阅读理解题
According to the passage, what is the primary reason for the change in coloration observed in various animal species?
A. A shift in their diet causing pigment alterations.
B. An evolutionary response to rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns.
C. A direct effect of increased exposure to sunlight.
D. The animals are trying to camouflage themselves in new environments.
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全文概括
Global warming is causing observable changes in animal coloration. Rising temperatures and altered rainfall patterns are leading to lighter pigmentation in many species, such as snails, bees, lizards, and dragonflies. This phenomenon is linked to melanin, a pigment that absorbs heat, making darker animals more vulnerable to overheating. However, melanin also offers protection against pathogens, creating a complex relationship between climate change and animal coloration. Scientific research supports these observations through studies across various regions and species.
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