Key Points:
Cardioselective Beta Blockers:
Drugs: Atenolol, Bisoprolol, Acetbutolol, Metoprolol
Primarily affect β1 receptors in the heart.
Non-Selective Beta Blockers:
Affect both β1 (heart) and β2 (lungs) receptors.
Water-Soluble Beta Blockers:
Examples: Nadolol, Atenolol, Timolol.
Adverse Effects:
Asthma exacerbation, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, worsening CHF, cold extremities, depression, erectile dysfunction, and sleep disturbances.
Indications:
Used for hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, heart failure, and migraine prevention.
Contraindications:
Asthma, severe bradycardia, uncontrolled heart failure (HF), and severe peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Drug Interactions:
Avoid combination with verapamil due to risks of bradycardia, asystole, severe hypotension, and worsening heart failure.
中文总结 (Chinese Summary)
要点:
心脏选择性β受体阻滞剂(Cardioselective Beta Blockers):
药物:阿替洛尔(Atenolol)、比索洛尔(Bisoprolol)、醋丁洛尔(Acetbutolol)、美托洛尔(Metoprolol)。
主要作用于心脏的β1受体。
非选择性β受体阻滞剂(Non-Selective Beta Blockers):
同时作用于β1(心脏)和β2(肺部)受体。
水溶性β受体阻滞剂(Water-Soluble Beta Blockers):
药物示例:纳多洛尔(Nadolol)、阿替洛尔(Atenolol)、噻吗洛尔(Timolol)。
不良反应(Adverse Effects):
可引发哮喘恶化、支气管收缩、心动过缓、心力衰竭加重、肢端冰冷、抑郁、勃起功能障碍及睡眠障碍。
适应症(Indications):
用于治疗高血压、心绞痛、心律失常、心力衰竭以及偏头痛预防。
禁忌症(Contraindications):
哮喘、严重心动过缓、未控制的心力衰竭及严重的外周动脉疾病。
药物相互作用(Drug Interactions):
避免与维拉帕米(Verapamil)联合使用,因其可能增加心动过缓、停搏、严重低血压及心力衰竭恶化的风险。
英文记忆口诀:
Cardioselective Beta Blockers (B1 only):
"Atenolol Binds At Myocardium"
Atenolol, Bisoprolol, Acetbutolol, Metoprolol
Non-Selective Beta Blockers (B1 and B2):
"Pro Tim Can Not Pin the Lab"
Propranolol, Timolol, Carvedilol, Nadolol, Pindolol, Labetalol
Adverse Effects:
"ABCDEF of Beta Blockers"
Asthma, Bradycardia, Cold extremities, Depression, Erectile dysfunction, worsening CHF.
Contraindications:
Asthma
Bradycardia (severe)
CHF (uncontrolled)
Disease of Peripheral Arteries (Severe PAD)
"ABCD":
中文记忆口诀:
心脏选择性β阻滞剂(B1选择性):"阿比美醋"
阿替洛尔(Atenolol)、比索洛尔(Bisoprolol)、美托洛尔(Metoprolol)、醋丁洛尔(Acetbutolol)。
非选择性β阻滞剂(B1+B2):"普噻纳卡"
普萘洛尔(Propranolol)、噻吗洛尔(Timolol)、纳多洛尔(Nadolol)、卡维地洛(Carvedilol)。
不良反应:"哮慢冷抑困性衰"
哮喘加重、心动过缓、肢冷、抑郁、困扰(睡眠问题),性(性功能障碍),衰(心衰加重)
禁忌症:"哮缓衰周"
哮喘、心缓、心衰(未控制)、严重外周动脉疾病。