近年来，情感综艺节目现象级地引爆了各大收视频道。
前一秒还在为《心动的信号》嗑CP，下一秒看《再见爱人》已经血压飙升。
《再见爱人》是一档婚姻纪实观察真人秀节目。延续之前的三季，第四季仍邀请了三对面临婚姻危机的夫妻，挑战在18天的房车旅行中，彼此坦诚，共同面对和解决困境。
这篇外刊将为我们揭示婚姻的本相。
Source：百度百科
今天的外刊选自The Wall Street Journal，共计664词，预计阅读时间6分钟。
通过这次的外刊，你将收获：
○离婚高发人群的伴侣类型描述
○长难句的拆解
希望你在阅读全文后能够回答以下问题：
○两位博士共同合作的目的是什么？
○调查对象包括哪些人？
外刊解析
The Math Behind Successful Relationships
Nearly 30 years ago, a mathematician and a psychologist teamed up to explore one of life’s enduring mysteries: What makes some marriages happy and some miserable?
The psychologist, John Gottman, wanted to craft a tool to help him better counsel troubled couples. The mathematician, James Murray, specialized in modeling biological processes. It was a match made in heaven.
The pair decided to create a mathematical model to quantify how couples interact and influence each other during an argument. The results helped Dr. Gottman visualize the dynamics of a marriage and measure the impact of therapy. The approach also proved to be shockingly accurate at predicting which couples would divorce. “We got actual numbers we could compute,” Dr. Gottman said. “We could see how the partners influence each other.”
Source：Pixabay
Their subjects initially included 130 couples who had applied for marriage licenses in King County, where, at the time, the professors taught at the University of Washington in Seattle. Some of the couples were newlyweds, others were about to be married, and each pair was videotaped for three 15-minute conversations.
In one exchange, the couples were instructed to talk about their day. In another they were told to talk about something positive. And in the third, they were asked to talk about something contentious. The topic didn’t matter—it could be about money, sex, food, in-laws or anything else—as long as they disagreed. The contentious exchange proved to be the most predictive.
The couple’s interactions were scored by two independent observers who rated every emotion in the exchange. Altogether, 16 different emotions were coded. At one end of the spectrum, contempt, the most corrosive emotion, according to Dr. Gottman, was scored -4. At the other end, shared humor, one of the best ways to defuse tension, he said, was scored +4.
“They both have to be laughing together,” Dr. Gottman said. “A lot of contempt happens with one person laughing and the other person looking stunned. That’s a minus 4.”
The scores for the various emotions expressed during each exchange were summed, and the researchers plotted the scores for each subsequent exchange as a time series on a graph. Once the emotions were scored and plotted, the researchers found that the positive and negative progression of the exchanges eventually settled down and didn’t change very much.
Source：Pixabay
That steady state, they concluded, described how a couple resolves conflicts. “It’s like a Dow Jones curve,” Dr. Murray said. “The ones that went continuously down, it was clear they found it very, very difficult to appreciate what the other one was thinking. That’s what made it clear the marriage wasn’t going to last.”
For low-risk couples, the ratio of positive to negative responses was approximately 5 to 1. For high-risk couples, the ratio was about 1 to 1, and based on their observations, the researchers were able to predict divorce with 94% accuracy.
The researchers followed the couples for a decade, and in that time, all of the pairs they predicted would divorce did, most within four years. A few other couples they predicted would remain married, though unhappily, also divorced, lowering their overall accuracy.
Source：Pixabay
Marriages, they found, fell into five categories: validating, volatile, conflict–avoiding, hostile and hostile–detached (a significantly more negative pairing). Only three—validating, volatile and conflict–avoiding—are stable, they write in their book, but a volatile marriage, though passionate, risks dissolving into endless bickering.
Notably, they also found that as the years passed, each couple’s style of communication changed very little from that initial videotaped contentious exchange. “We found about 80% stability in couples’ interaction over time,” Dr. Gottman said, a result that was based on bringing the couples back to the lab for additional scored discussions, usually at three-year intervals.
Dr. Gottman and Dr. Murray have since published their work in the book “The Mathematics of Marriage: Dynamic Nonlinear Models.” But if they were to boil down their work to one simple strategy for couples, it might be this: Face each other when talking. And acknowledge your role in the dispute. “If they listen to each other,” said Dr. Murray, who’s been married for 60 years, “they might have a different future.”
Source：Pixabay
Source: The Wall Street Journal
Author: Jo Craven McGinty
Date: February 8, 2019
生词拓展：
1. newlywed
英音/ˈnjuː.li.wed/ 美音/ˈnuː.li.wed/
[N] Someone who has recently married. 新婚者
例句：
The hotel has a special discount rate for newlyweds.
这家宾馆为新婚夫妇提供特别优惠。
2. contentious
英音/kənˈten.ʃəs/ 美音/kənˈten.ʃəs/
[N] Causing , involving, or likely to cause disagreement and argument. 有争议的;引起争论的;可能引发争议的
例句：
She has some very contentious views on education.
她对教育持有一些颇具争议的看法。
3. contempt
英音/kənˈtempt/ 美音/kənˈtempt/
[N] A strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something. 蔑视;鄙视;轻视;轻蔑
例句：
At school she had complete contempt for all her teachers.
在学校读书时她对所有老师都不屑一顾。
4. corrosive
英音/kəˈrəʊ.sɪv/ 美音/kəˈroʊ.sɪv/
[N] A corrosive substance causes damage by chemical action. 腐蚀性的，侵蚀性的
例句：
The acid in the battery is highly corrosive and can cause serious burns if it comes into contact with skin.
电池中的酸具有高度腐蚀性，如果与皮肤接触，会造成严重烧伤。
5. stunned
英音/stʌnd/ 美音/stʌnd/
[N] Very shocked or surprised. 目瞪口呆
例句：
I am stunned and saddened by this news.
这个消息令我大为震惊，非常难过。
6. bickering
英音/ˈbɪk.ə.rɪŋ/ 美音/ˈbɪk.ɚ.ɪŋ/
[N] Arguments about things that are not important. 斗嘴，口角
例句：
The group finally elected a leader after several days of bickering.
经过几天的争吵，这个团体终于选出了一位领导人。
知识卡：
《再见爱人》第四季
《再见爱人》自开播以来就引发了广泛的关注和讨论。节目中的三对夫妻经历了超过十年的风雨，真实地呈现了各自在婚姻中的挣扎与甜蜜，也引发了观众的强烈共鸣。比如杨子与黄圣依这样“老板与员工”型的关系，葛夕与刘爽的“室友”关系，以及麦琳与李行亮的传统家庭角色对立。
节目中，黄圣依从麻木到清醒的变化，以及观察室女性嘉宾的发言，都展现了婚姻状态中女性意识的觉醒和爆发。这也赋予了节目更多的深度，启发女性观众重新审视自我在婚姻中的角色和权力。杨子在节目中的表现也被观众称为“爹味典范”，比如对妻子了解甚少，且经常好吹嘘好说教、自我感动、自理能力差等。而黄圣依则展现出被长期的控制欲胁迫、顺从但充满委屈的女性处境。这种婚姻状态引发了观众的围观、吐槽甚至“劝离”的论调。而绝大多数被批判的对象是男性，也让女性观众在观看节目时大呼感同身受。
社会快速发展所带来的婚姻观念的变迁，无论是经济地位对情感的影响，还是忙碌工作中对彼此情感需求的忽视，亦或是如何平衡自我成长与伴侣关系的话题，都让观众进行了深度思考。
Source: 百度百科
重难点解析：
1. At one end of the spectrum, contempt, the most corrosive emotion, according to Dr. Gottman, was scored -4. At the other end, shared humor, one of the best ways to defuse tension, he said, was scored +4.
译文：
据Gottman博士所言，一方面，蔑视被认为最具伤害性的情感，被评分为-4。另一方面，分享幽默被认为最能化解紧张的方式之一，被评分为+4。
解析：
这是由短语at one end of the spectrum和at the other end连接的两个并列句，spectrum表示光谱，指光谱的一端和另一端，可以用on the one hand和on the other hand进行替换。在前句中，contempt做主语，was scored作谓语，the most corrosive emotion和according to Dr. Gottman作为两个插入语部分，对主语进行补充说明。后句中，shared humor作主语，was scored作谓语。两句话通过对比的方式展示两个方面。
2. “It’s like a Dow Jones curve,” Dr. Murray said. “The ones that went continuously down, it was clear they found it very, very difficult to appreciate what the other one was thinking. That’s what made it clear the marriage wasn’t going to last.”
译文：
Murray博士说道：“那些持续下滑的曲线就像道琼斯曲线一样，很明显，他们发现很难去理解对方的想法。这也清楚地表明，这样的婚姻不会长久。”
解析：
Dr. Murray作主语，谓语是said，"It’s like a Dow Jones curve"是宾语从句的第一部分，"the ones that went continuously down"宾语从句的第二部分。"it was clear"是形式主语，"they found it..."中的it是形式宾语。find it difficult to do sth.是固定短语，表示做某事很难。make it clear表示弄清楚，使……明确。
3. Only three—validating, volatile and conflict–avoiding—are stable, they write in their book, but a volatile marriage, though passionate, risks dissolving into endless bickering.
译文：
他们在书中写道，只有三种——认可型、波动型和避免冲突型——是稳定的，但波动型的婚姻，尽管充满激情，却有可能因为无休止的争吵而面临分崩离析的风险。
解析：
only three是主语，validating, volatile and conflict–avoiding是插入语，对三种类型进行解释说明，are stable是系动词和表语。risk doing sth.表示做某事是有风险的。dissolve指将固体溶解在液体中，或会议、组织等的解散或解除，这里指婚姻走到了尽头。
今天的外刊内容到这里就结束了~
爱情需要勇敢面对，也需要勇于承担，告别亦然。
自我价值的实现与亲密关系相辅相成，先让自己活成如愿的模样，再为亲密关系带来更多的能量。
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