上期答案
This is why, as editors of one of our field’s leading journals, we feel a strong responsibility to help build collective momentum towards a better arrangement: a publishing model that no longer wastes massive amounts of public resources feeding profits to private corporations, secures editorial independence against the pressures of profit-making and makes research available to everyone, free of charge.
这就是为什么，作为我们这个领域的主要期刊之一的编辑，我们感到有强烈的责任来帮助建立一个更好的安排:一种出版模式，不再浪费大量的公共资源来为私营公司提供利润，确保编辑独立于盈利的压力，并使每个人都能免费获得研究成果。
本期内容
早上好，读者朋友们，今天分享的文章节选自《科学快讯》。在五彩斑斓的食品世界中，合成食用色素以其鲜艳的色彩为众多食品披上了诱人的外衣。然而，这抹亮丽的色彩背后，却隐藏着不容忽视的健康隐患。本文将带您深入探索合成食用色素对健康的潜在危害，揭示其背后的真相，让您在享受美食的同时，也能明智地选择，守护自己及家人的健康。
How Much Risk Do Synthetic Food Dyes Actually Pose to Your Health?
合成食用色素对您的健康到底有多大危害？
1
Early-onset colorectal cancer incidence among the young, defined as those under age 50, has been rising globally since the early 1990s. Rates for colon and rectal cancers are expected to increase by 90 percent and 124 percent, respectively, by 2030.One suspected reason behind this trend is increased global consumption of a Westernized diet that consists heavily of red and processed meats, added sugar, and refined grains. Sixty percent of the Standard American Diet, also known as "SAD," is made up of ultra-processed food such as industrial baked sweets, soft drinks, and processed meat. SAD is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
incidence /ˈɪnsɪdəns/ n.发生率
refined /rɪˈfaɪnd/ adj. 精炼的
soft drink 不含酒精的饮料，通常指的是碳酸饮料
点击下方查看翻译
早发性结直肠癌在50岁以下的年轻人中的发病率自20世纪90年代初以来在全球范围内一直在上升。到2030年，结肠癌和直肠癌的发病率预计将分别增加90%和124%。这一趋势背后的一个可能原因是全球消费西方化饮食的增加，这种饮食主要由红肉和加工肉类、添加糖和精制谷物组成。60%的标准美国饮食，也被称为“SAD”，是由超加工食品组成的，如工业烘焙糖果、碳酸饮料和加工肉类。SAD与结直肠癌的风险增加有关。
One aspect of ultra-processed foods I'm concerned about is how colorful they are. This characteristic is on full display in many delicious foods and treats present during the year-end holidays.However, many of the colors that make up candy canes, sugar cookies, and even cranberry sauce and roast ham, are synthetic. And there's some evidence that these artificial food dyes may trigger cancer-causing processes in the body.
synthetic /sɪnˈθetɪk/ adj. 合成的，人造的
dye /daɪ/ n.染料
点击下方查看翻译
担心超加工食品的一个方面是它们的颜色。这一特点在年终假期的许多美味食品和款待中得到充分体现。然而，制作拐杖糖、糖饼干、甚至蔓越莓酱和烤火腿的许多颜色都是人工合成的。有证据表明，这些人工食用色素可能会引发体内的致癌过程。
The food industry uses synthetic dyes because they make food look better. The first food dyes were created from coal tar in the late 1800s. Today, they are often synthesized from a chemical derived from petroleum called naphthalene to make a final product called an azo dye.Food manufacturers prefer synthetic dyes over natural dyes like beet extract because they are cheaper, brighter, and last longer. While manufacturers have developed hundreds of synthetic food dyes over the past century, the majority of them are toxic. Only nine are approved for use in food under U.S. Food and Drug Administration policy, and even fewer pass European Union regulations.
tar /tɑːr/ n.焦油
spoil the ship for a haporth of tar 因小失大
petroleum /pəˈtroʊliəm/n. 石油，原油
extract /ɪkˈstrækt/ n.提取物
toxic /ˈtɒksɪk/adj. 有毒的
点击下方查看翻译
食品工业使用合成染料，因为它们使食品看起来更好看。第一批食用色素是在19世纪后期由煤焦油制成的。今天，它们通常是从石油中提取的一种叫做萘的化学物质合成的，最终产物是偶氮染料。食品制造商更喜欢合成染料，而不是甜菜提取物等天然染料，因为它们更便宜、更亮、使用寿命更长。虽然制造商在过去的一个世纪里开发了数百种合成食用色素，但其中大多数都是有毒的。根据美国食品和药物管理局的政策，只有九种被批准用于食品中，通过欧盟法规的就更少了。
DNA damage is the primary driver of colorectal cancer. When DNA damage occurs on cancer driver genes, it can result in a mutation that tells the cell to divide uncontrollably and turn cancerous. Another driver of colorectal cancer is inflammation. Inflammation occurs when the immune system sends out inflammatory cells to begin healing an injury or capture disease-causing pathogens.When this inflammation persists over time, it can harm otherwise healthy cells by releasing molecules called free radicals that can damage DNA.Long-term poor dietary habits can lead to a simmering low-grade inflammation that doesn't produce noticeable symptoms, even while inflammatory molecules continue to damage otherwise healthy cells.
driver n.驱动因素
mutation /mjuːˈteɪʃn/ n.突变，变异
inflammation /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/ n. 发炎，炎症
点击下方查看翻译
DNA损伤是结直肠癌的主要诱因。当癌症驱动基因发生DNA损伤时，可能会导致突变，导致细胞不受控制地分裂并癌变。结直肠癌的另一个诱因是炎症。结直肠癌的另一个诱因是炎症。当免疫系统派出炎症细胞开始修复损伤或捕获致病病原体时，就会发生炎症。当这种炎症持续一段时间后，它会释放出一种叫做自由基的分子，破坏DNA，从而损害健康的细胞。长期不良的饮食习惯会导致低度炎症，即使炎症分子继续损害原本健康的细胞，但不会产生明显的症状。
Although none of the FDA-approved synthetic food colors are classified as carcinogens, currently available research points to potential health risks I and others find concerning.Studies have shown that artificial food dyes can bind to the DNA and proteins inside cells. There is also some evidence that synthetic dyes can stimulate the body's inflammatory machinery. Both of these mechanisms may pose a problem for colon and rectal health.This is supported by unpublished data from my research team showing that Allura Red, or Red 40, and Tartrazine, or Yellow 5, can cause DNA damage in colon cancer cells with increased dosages and length of exposure in vitro in a controlled lab environment.
carcinogen /kɑːrˈsɪnədʒən/ n. 致癌物质
bind /baɪnd/v.结合，联合在一起
stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ v. 促进，激发
点击下方查看翻译
尽管FDA批准的合成食用色素都没有被归类为致癌物，但目前的研究表明，我和其他人发现了潜在的健康风险。研究表明，人工食用色素可以与细胞内的DNA和蛋白质结合。还有一些证据表明，合成染料可以刺激身体的炎症机制。这两种机制都可能对结肠和直肠健康造成问题。这一点得到了我的研究小组未发表的数据的支持，这些数据表明，在受控的实验室环境中，随着剂量的增加和暴露时间的延长，诱惑红(或红40)和酒黄石(或黄5)会导致结肠癌细胞的DNA损伤。
END
写作句式积累
One suspected reason behind this trend is increased global consumption of a Westernized diet that consists heavily of red and processed meats, added sugar, and refined grains.
One suspected reason behind this trend is ... 这一趋势背后的一个原因是
翻译练习
It's known that children are more vulnerable to environmental toxins because their bodies are still developing. I and others believe that this concern may extend to synthetic food dyes, especially considering their prevalence in children's food.
翻译练习，欢迎大家文末留言打卡，下期推送文章公布答案哟，一起阅外刊学英语吧！
英语外刊完整版PDF下载（持续更新中...）
链接：https://pan.quark.cn/s/92617787477f
点击下方链接查看往期文章 ↓ ↓ ↓记得点关注哟
扫码关注我的视频号
分享
收藏
点赞
在看
分享，收藏，点赞与在看，至少我要拥有一个吧↓↓↓
